1. Introduction
1.6582/34CrNiMo6 is a robust alloy steel known for its exceptional mechanical properties and versatility across demanding industries.
This steel grade is designed to meet the rigorous demands of sectors where high performance, durability, and reliability are crucial.
With its combination of chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), and molybdenum (Mo), 1.6582/34CrNiMo6 excels in fatigue resistance, impact strength, and corrosion resistance.
As industries continue to push for materials that offer both performance and longevity, alloy steels like 1.6582/34CrNiMo6 are gaining increasing importance.
From aerospace and automotive manufacturing to energy and machinery, this material is integral in producing critical components that operate under stress.
In this blog, we will explore the essential properties, applications, and benefits of 1.6582/34CrNiMo6,
offering a comprehensive overview of why this alloy is preferred in various high-performance applications.
2. What is 1.6582/34CrNiMo6 Alloy Steel?
1.6582/34CrNiMo6 is a medium-carbon, alloy steel commonly used for manufacturing high-strength components that demand both toughness and wear resistance.
The steel is primarily composed of carbon (C), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), and molybdenum (Mo), each contributing to distinct qualities such as hardenability, resilience, and corrosion resistance.
Chemical Composition:
- Carbon (C): 0.36% – 0.44%
Carbon is a fundamental element in determining the hardness and strength of steel.
In 1.6582/34CrNiMo6, the carbon content is moderate, which provides a balance between strength and ductility,
making the alloy suitable for components that need to withstand high loads without becoming brittle. - Chromium (Cr): 0.9% – 1.2%
Chromium is a crucial element in enhancing corrosion resistance and hardness.
It promotes the formation of a protective oxide layer on the surface, which prevents corrosion in environments that may otherwise degrade the material.
Chromium also improves hardenability, allowing the steel to harden more effectively during heat treatment. - Nickel (Ni): 1.3% – 1.8%
Nickel is responsible for enhancing the toughness and low-temperature performance of 1.6582/34CrNiMo6.
It also increases strength, making the steel more resistant to fracture under impact.
Additionally, nickel contributes to improved creep resistance and high-temperature stability. -
Molybdenum (Mo): 0.2% – 0.3%
Molybdenum plays a critical role in improving the high-temperature strength and creep resistance of the alloy.
It also enhances the steel’s corrosion resistance, especially in harsh environments.
Molybdenum is also known for refining the steel’s grain structure, which contributes to overall strength and toughness. - Manganese (Mn): 0.5% – 0.8%
Manganese aids in deoxidizing the steel during production and helps improve hardness and strength.
It also contributes to improving the toughness of the alloy and enhances its ability to resist impact and wear. - Silicon (Si): 0.2% – 0.35%
Silicon is primarily used as a deoxidizer in the production process and contributes to improving the strength of the steel.
It also aids in hardness, making the steel more resistant to wear and surface degradation. -
Phosphorus (P): ≤ 0.035%
Phosphorus, in low quantities, can increase strength and hardness. However, excessive amounts can lead to embrittlement and reduced toughness.
For 1.6582/34CrNiMo6, the phosphorus content is carefully controlled to maintain a balance between strength and ductility. - Sulfur (S): ≤ 0.035%
Like phosphorus, sulfur can improve machinability, but excessive sulfur content can negatively impact the toughness and ductility of the steel.
For high-quality steel, the sulfur content is minimized to ensure optimal mechanical properties. - Other Elements:
-
- Vanadium (V) and Boron (B) are sometimes added in trace amounts to further refine the grain structure and improve hardening.
- Copper (Cu) may also be present in small quantities, enhancing corrosion resistance and strength.
Summary of Chemical Composition:
Element |
Composition Range |
|---|---|
| Carbon (C) | 0.36% – 0.44% |
| Chromium (Cr) | 0.9% – 1.2% |
| Nickel (Ni) | 1.3% – 1.8% |
| Molybdenum (Mo) | 0.2% – 0.3% |
| Manganese (Mn) | 0.5% – 0.8% |
Silicon (Si) |
0.2% – 0.35% |
| Phosphorus (P) | ≤ 0.035% |
| Sulfur (S) | ≤ 0.035% |
| Others | Trace amounts of Vanadium, Boron, Copper, etc. |
Understanding the Nomenclature:
The code “1.6582” is a DIN classification that indicates the steel’s material type, while “34CrNiMo6” refers to its key alloying elements: chromium, nickel, and molybdenum.
This nomenclature helps identify the alloy’s intended use and composition.
3. Physical Properties of 1.6582/34CrNiMo6 Alloy Steel
The physical properties of 1.6582/34CrNiMo6 alloy steel are critical in determining its suitability for demanding engineering applications.
These properties are largely influenced by the alloying elements, such as chromium, nickel, and molybdenum, which are specifically chosen to optimize performance in various conditions.
Below are the key physical properties of this steel:
Density
- Density: Approximately 7.85 g/cm³
The density of 1.6582/34CrNiMo6 is typical for carbon and low-alloy steels.
The relatively high density contributes to the material’s ability to withstand high loads and stresses without significant deformation,
which is essential for parts used in heavy machinery or high-performance automotive applications.
Melting Point
- Melting Point:1425 – 1510°C (2597 – 2750°F)
The melting point of 1.6582/34CrNiMo6 is relatively high, which ensures that it can withstand high temperatures during manufacturing processes, such as forging and heat treatment.
This makes the steel suitable for components subjected to elevated operational temperatures, like turbine blades and crankshafts.
Thermal Expansion
- Coefficient of Thermal Expansion:11.8 × 10⁻⁶/°C (6.56 × 10⁻⁶/°F)
The coefficient of thermal expansion indicates how much the material expands with increasing temperature.
1.6582/34CrNiMo6 has a moderate coefficient, which helps maintain dimensional stability during heating and cooling cycles in high-temperature applications.
This property is important for parts that must fit precisely under varying thermal conditions.
Thermal Conductivity
- Thermal Conductivity: Approximately 45 W/m·K
The thermal conductivity of 1.6582/34CrNiMo6 is moderate, which means it has a moderate ability to transfer heat.
This property is beneficial for components used in power generation and automotive engines, where heat dissipation is essential but excessive conductivity could lead to heat-related failures.
Electrical Conductivity
- Electrical Conductivity: Relatively low compared to non-alloy steels
Like most steels, 1.6582/34CrNiMo6 is a poor conductor of electricity.
This low electrical conductivity is generally advantageous in applications where insulation or low conductivity is needed,
such as in structural components that don’t interact with electrical systems.
Specific Heat Capacity
- Specific Heat Capacity: Approximately 0.46 J/g·°C
The specific heat capacity of 1.6582/34CrNiMo6 is typical for alloy steels, indicating how much heat is required to raise the temperature of a given mass of material.
This property is important in applications where thermal cycles are involved, such as in engine components or power transmission parts,
as it determines how much heat the material can absorb and store before changing temperature.
Summary of Physical Properties
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Density | 7.85 g/cm³ |
| Melting Point | 1425 – 1510°C (2597 – 2750°F) |
| Thermal Expansion | 11.8 × 10⁻⁶/°C (6.56 × 10⁻⁶/°F) |
| Thermal Conductivity | 45 W/m·K |
| Electrical Conductivity | Low |
| Specific Heat Capacity | 0.46 J/g·°C |
4. Mechanical Properties of 1.6582/34CrNiMo6 Alloy Steel
The mechanical properties of 1.6582/34CrNiMo6 alloy steel are a critical aspect of its performance in demanding applications.
This steel is known for its excellent strength, toughness, and fatigue resistance, which makes it ideal for components that undergo high levels of stress, impact, and wear.
The following is a breakdown of the alloy’s key mechanical properties:
Tensile Strength
- Tensile Strength (UTS): 800–1000 MPa
The tensile strength of 1.6582/34CrNiMo6 is a measure of the maximum stress the steel can withstand before breaking.
With a tensile strength range of 800 to 1000 MPa, this alloy is highly capable of enduring significant mechanical stress without failure,
making it ideal for high-load-bearing applications such as gears, shafts, and crankshafts.
Yield Strength
- Yield Strength (0.2% Proof Stress): 550–750 MPa
Yield strength is the stress at which a material begins to deform plastically.
1.6582/34CrNiMo6 has an excellent yield strength range of 550 to 750 MPa, which allows it to maintain its shape under applied loads and ensures minimal plastic deformation,
making it suitable for high-stress applications like automotive components and heavy machinery.
Hardness
- Hardness (Rockwell C): 28–34 HRC
The hardness of 1.6582/34CrNiMo6 is typically measured using the Rockwell C scale (HRC).
After quenching and tempering, it falls within the range of 28–34 HRC, offering excellent wear resistance and abrasion resistance.
This hardness makes it ideal for parts that require a strong, durable surface, such as gears, bearing components, and transmission parts.
Impact Toughness
- Impact Toughness (Charpy V-notch): ≥ 30 J (at room temperature)
Impact toughness refers to the material’s ability to absorb energy during dynamic loading or shock.
1.6582/34CrNiMo6 exhibits excellent impact toughness, making it suitable for applications
where the material is exposed to sudden forces or vibrations, such as in automotive crankshafts and turbine shafts.
The material’s ability to withstand shock loads without fracturing is crucial in heavy-duty machinery.
Fatigue Strength
- Fatigue Strength: ≥ 300 MPa (at 10⁶ cycles)
Fatigue strength is an important property for components subjected to cyclic loads.
1.6582/34CrNiMo6 provides excellent fatigue resistance, ensuring that parts such as gears and shafts can withstand repeated loading cycles without cracking or failing.
This is vital in applications where components experience continuous or fluctuating stress over time, such as in automotive engines and aerospace parts.
Elongation
- Elongation (in 50 mm gauge length): ≥ 15%
Elongation is a measure of a material’s ability to stretch before breaking, and it indicates ductility.
With an elongation of 15%, 1.6582/34CrNiMo6 demonstrates good ductility, meaning it can deform under stress without cracking.
This property is beneficial for parts that need to absorb stress and still maintain their integrity under high-impact conditions.
Modulus of Elasticity
- Modulus of Elasticity (Young’s Modulus): 210 GPa
The modulus of elasticity measures the material’s stiffness and its ability to return to its original shape after deformation.
1.6582/34CrNiMo6 has a relatively high modulus of elasticity, which means it resists deformation when subjected to applied loads.
This stiffness makes it suitable for structural components that need to maintain shape and performance under heavy loading.
Poisson’s Ratio
- Poisson’s Ratio: 0.29
Poisson’s ratio describes the material’s response to deformation in one direction when stretched in another.
With a Poisson’s ratio of 0.29, 1.6582/34CrNiMo6 strikes a balance between strength and ductility,
making it ideal for use in high-load components that must resist distortion under stress.
Summary of Mechanical Properties
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Tensile Strength (UTS) | 800–1000 MPa |
| Yield Strength (0.2% Proof Stress) | 550–750 MPa |
| Hardness (Rockwell C) | 28–34 HRC |
| Impact Toughness (Charpy) | ≥ 30 J (at room temperature) |
| Fatigue Strength | ≥ 300 MPa (at 10⁶ cycles) |
| Elongation (in 50 mm) | ≥ 15% |
| Modulus of Elasticity | 210 GPa |
| Poisson’s Ratio | 0.29 |
5. Other properties of 6582/34CrNiMo6 alloy steel
Thermal Properties:
- Heat Resistance: 1.6582/34CrNiMo6 maintains its mechanical properties even at elevated temperatures,
making it suitable for high-temperature applications such as automotive engines and turbine blades. - Corrosion Resistance: While it is not as resistant as stainless steel, the alloy demonstrates improved corrosion resistance
when exposed to mild corrosive environments due to the presence of chromium and molybdenum.
Weldability and Machinability:
- Weldability: The alloy has good weldability, although proper preheating and heat treatment after welding is necessary to avoid potential cracks.
- Machinability: Although highly durable, 1.6582/34CrNiMo6 requires specialized machining tools to ensure precise results.
The strength and hardness of the alloy make it more challenging to machine than lower-grade steels.
6. Heat Treatment of 1.6582/34CrNiMo6
Heat treatment plays a crucial role in achieving the desired mechanical properties in 1.6582/34CrNiMo6.
The common treatments include quenching and tempering, which enhance its strength, hardness, and toughness.
Quenching and Tempering:
- Quenching involves heating the steel to a high temperature (typically between 850°C and 900°C) and then rapidly cooling it in water or oil.
This process hardens the steel but makes it brittle. - Tempering is performed after quenching to reduce brittleness and increase toughness.
Tempering is typically done at temperatures between 500°C and 650°C, depending on the desired balance of hardness and toughness.
Quenching and Tempering
Benefits of Heat Treatment:
Heat treatment enhances 1.6582/34CrNiMo6’s wear resistance and fatigue resistance while maintaining ductility.
Proper tempering ensures that the material remains durable under high-stress conditions without becoming too brittle.
7. Applications of 1.6582/34CrNiMo6 Alloy Steel
Due to its outstanding combination of mechanical properties, 1.6582/34CrNiMo6 is utilized across various demanding sectors where strength, toughness, and durability are non-negotiable.
- Power Transmission Gears: Ideal for use in gears subjected to high torque and impact.
- Power Transmission Shafts: Frequently used in shafts for automotive and industrial applications where high fatigue resistance is needed.
Transmission Shafts - Connecting Rods: Utilized in internal combustion engines for connecting rods, where strength and wear resistance are crucial.
- Engineering Components: Commonly used in turbine shafts and other high-stress, high-temperature components.
- Heavy Machinery Shafts and Bolts: Serves as an essential material for heavy machinery and fasteners due to its durability under extreme operating conditions.
8. Advantages of 1.6582/34CrNiMo6 Alloy Steel
- High Strength and Durability: The alloy’s tensile strength and impact toughness ensure that it performs well in the harshest conditions.
- Improved Wear Resistance: 1.6582/34CrNiMo6 stands out for its resistance to surface wear and abrasion, making it ideal for high-wear components like gears and shafts.
- Versatility: This alloy is adaptable for a wide range of industries, including automotive, aerospace, and energy production, proving its versatility.
- Longevity: The ability to withstand high-stress environments ensures that components made from this alloy last longer, offering cost-effectiveness over time.
9. Comparison with Similar Alloys
When selecting materials for high-performance applications, it is important to consider how 1.6582/34CrNiMo6 alloy steel stacks up against other similar alloys.
Several alloy steels have properties that overlap with 1.6582/34CrNiMo6,
but subtle differences in composition and heat treatment requirements can make one alloy more suited for specific applications than others.
Let’s compare 1.6582/34CrNiMo6 with 4340 alloy steel, 18CrNiMo7-6, and 4140 alloy steel — all of which are commonly used in engineering, aerospace, and automotive applications.
4340 Alloy Steel vs 1.6582/34CrNiMo6
Chemical Composition Comparison:
- 4340 Alloy Steel: Composed of 0.38-0.43% Carbon, 0.70-0.90% Manganese, 0.90-1.30% Nickel, 0.20-0.30% Molybdenum, and 0.15-0.25% Chromium.
- 1.6582/34CrNiMo6: Contains 0.36-0.44% Carbon, 0.50-0.80% Manganese, 1.3-1.8% Nickel, 0.2-0.3% Molybdenum, and 0.9-1.2% Chromium.
Mechanical Properties:
- 4340 Alloy Steel: Known for high tensile strength (around 930-1080 MPa) and good fatigue strength. However, it has slightly lower fatigue resistance compared to 1.6582/34CrNiMo6.
- 1.6582/34CrNiMo6: Offers comparable tensile strength (800-1000 MPa) but superior fatigue resistance due to its higher nickel content and chromium.
It excels in impact toughness under dynamic loading, making it more suitable for applications that experience constant stress cycles.
18CrNiMo7-6 vs 1.6582/34CrNiMo6
Chemical Composition Comparison:
- 18CrNiMo7-6: Contains 0.17-0.22% Carbon, 0.30-0.50% Manganese, 1.50-2.00% Nickel, 0.90-1.20% Chromium, and 0.20-0.30% Molybdenum.
- 1.6582/34CrNiMo6: Contains 0.36-0.44% Carbon, 0.50-0.80% Manganese, 1.3-1.8% Nickel, 0.2-0.3% Molybdenum, and 0.9-1.2% Chromium.
Mechanical Properties:
- 18CrNiMo7-6: Known for high core strength and impact toughness, this alloy has an excellent balance of strength and ductility, making it ideal for cold-working parts like gears and shafts.
The lower carbon content enhances its weldability but lowers its hardness compared to 1.6582/34CrNiMo6. - 1.6582/34CrNiMo6: Offers superior wear resistance and fatigue strength, particularly under high-impact loads.
Its slightly higher carbon content contributes to greater hardness, though it might compromise weldability if not properly treated.
4140 Alloy Steel vs 1.6582/34CrNiMo6
Chemical Composition Comparison:
- 4140 Alloy Steel: Contains 0.38-0.43% Carbon, 0.75-1.00% Manganese, 0.80-1.10% Chromium, and 0.15-0.25% Molybdenum.
- 1.6582/34CrNiMo6: Similar in composition with a slightly higher nickel content (1.3–1.8%) and manganese (0.50–0.80%).
Mechanical Properties:
- 4140 Alloy Steel: Exhibits good tensile strength (around 660-950 MPa) and is often used in applications requiring moderate strength and toughness.
It is a well-rounded alloy known for its versatility in machining and weldability. - 1.6582/34CrNiMo6: While it shares some properties with 4140, it has better wear resistance, higher tensile strength, and superior fatigue strength.
These advantages make it the better choice for parts exposed to dynamic loads, such as high-performance gears and shafts.
Summary of Key Comparisons
| Property | 1.6582/34CrNiMo6 | 4340 Alloy Steel | 18CrNiMo7-6 | 4140 Alloy Steel |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carbon Content | 0.36% – 0.44% | 0.38% – 0.43% | 0.17% – 0.22% | 0.38% – 0.43% |
| Nickel Content | 1.3% – 1.8% | 0.90% – 1.30% | 1.50% – 2.00% | 0.80% – 1.10% |
| Chromium Content | 0.9% – 1.2% | 0.90% – 1.30% | 0.90% – 1.20% | 0.80% – 1.10% |
| Molybdenum Content | 0.2% – 0.3% | 0.20% – 0.30% | 0.20% – 0.30% | 0.15% – 0.25% |
| Tensile Strength | 800–1000 MPa | 930–1080 MPa | High strength, good toughness | 660–950 MPa |
| Fatigue Strength | Superior | Moderate | High strength, good fatigue resistance | Moderate |
| Impact Toughness | Excellent | Good | Good | Moderate |
| Applications | Gears, shafts, turbine blades | Crankshafts, gears, turbine blades | Gears, shafts | Machine parts, axles, bolts |
10. Conclusion
1.6582/34CrNiMo6 alloy steel is a highly versatile, high-performance material suitable for demanding applications across industries.
Its superior tensile strength, fatigue resistance, and wear resistance make it ideal for components that must perform under extreme stress and harsh conditions.
Whether you are looking to create gears, shafts, or turbo machinery components, 1.6582/34CrNiMo6 offers the reliability and long-lasting performance needed to meet industry standards.
If you’re looking for high-quality custom alloy steel products, choosing DEZE is the perfect decision for your manufacturing needs.
