1. Pengenalan kepada 1.4835 Keluli tahan karat austenit
Keluli tahan karat is an alloy known for its excellent corrosion resistance, which makes it indispensable in various industries.
Among the different grades of stainless steel, austenitic types are particularly valued due to their strength, ketangguhan, dan formabiliti.
One such grade is 1.4835 (X9CrNiSiNCe21-11-2), a specialized austenitic stainless steel that stands out for its superior heat resistance.
The importance 1.4835 lies in its ability to withstand extreme temperatures while maintaining high levels of mechanical properties and corrosion resistance.
This material is specified for applications where traditional stainless steel might not perform adequately under harsh conditions.
En standard Eropah 10088 classifies 1.4835 as a chromium-nickel-silicon nitrogen-strengthened austenitic stainless steel,
often compared with AISI type 309 atau 310 but offering distinct advantages in certain environments.
Material Specifications for 1.4835
- EN Material Number: 1.4835
The European standard (Dalam) designation for this high-temperature resistant steel. - EN Short Name: X9CrNiSiNCe21-11-2
This is the short name under EN standards, which gives a quick reference to the material’s composition and properties. - EN Standard: Dalam 10095
This standard specifies the material properties and testing methods for heat-resistant steels, termasuk 1.4835. - Microstructural Category: Heat-resistant steel
1.4835 is classified as heat-resistant steel, meaning it is designed for use in environments with elevated temperatures and oxidative conditions.
Comparable Standards and Designations
| Standard | Designation | Country |
|---|---|---|
| Aisi | 253Ma | Amerika Syarikat |
| Kita | S30815 | Amerika Syarikat |
| SAE | 253Ma | Amerika Syarikat |
| Ss | 2368 | Sweden |
| RVS | 253Ma | Jerman |
2. Chemical Composition of 1.4835
Understanding the chemical composition of 1.4835 helps explain its exceptional properties.
The material contains several key elements that enhance its heat resistance, rintangan pengoksidaan, and overall mechanical strength.
Chemical Breakdown:
| Elemen | Content (%) |
|---|---|
| Nikel (Dalam) | 20.00 - 22.00 |
| Chromium (Cr) | 21.00 - 23.00 |
| Silikon (Dan) | 1.50 - 2.00 |
| Mangan (Mn) | 1.00 - 1.50 |
| Cerium (CE) | 0.03 - 0.05 |
| Besi (Fe) | Keseimbangan |
- Nikel (Dalam) contributes significantly to corrosion resistance, particularly at high temperatures, and helps stabilize the austenitic structure.
- Chromium (Cr) improves the steel’s ability to resist oxidation and enhances strength at elevated temperatures.
- Silikon (Dan) adds resistance to oxidation and strengthens the material under high-temperature conditions.
- Cerium (CE), a rare earth element, further increases high-temperature stability and oxidation resistance.
3. Sifat utama 1.4835 Keluli tahan karat
Sifat fizikal
- Ketumpatan: Kira -kira 7.9 g/cm³, which is typical for stainless steels.
- Titik lebur: Around 1400°C (2552° f), indicating its suitability for high-temperature operations.
- Kekonduksian terma: Lower than carbon steels but higher than other austenitic grades, aiding in heat dissipation.
- Resistiviti elektrik: Higher electrical resistivity compared to carbon steels, making it less conductive and more resistant to electrical currents.
Sifat mekanikal
- Kekuatan tegangan: High tensile strength ensures that the material can withstand significant stress without breaking.
- Kekuatan hasil: Offers excellent yield strength, which is crucial for maintaining shape under load.
- Pemanjangan: Good elongation means it can be stretched or deformed significantly before failure, contributing to its toughness.
- Kekerasan: The hardness of 1.4835 is moderate, providing a balance between wear resistance and machinability.
Kebolehkalasan
- Ciri -ciri kimpalan: 1.4835 can be readily welded using most conventional techniques, including TIG (Gas inert tungsten) kimpalan, Saya (Gas inert logam) kimpalan, and stick welding.
Walau bagaimanapun, due to its high alloy content, preheating and post-weld heat treatment may be necessary to avoid cracking and ensure optimal mechanical properties in the weld zone.
Rintangan haba
- High-Temperature Strength: Salah satu ciri yang menonjol 1.4835 is its ability to maintain high tensile and yield strengths at elevated temperatures.
It can operate continuously up to around 1150°C (2100° f) with minimal degradation of its mechanical properties. - Rintangan pengoksidaan: Excellent resistance to oxidation, skala, and embrittlement even at very high temperatures,
which extends the service life of components exposed to such conditions.
Rintangan kakisan
- Rintangan kakisan umum: Superior resistance to various corrosive media, including sulfuric acid, Asid nitrik, and chloride-containing environments.
This property makes it suitable for use in chemical processing plants and marine environments. - Rintangan kakisan pitting dan celah: Enhanced by its chromium, silikon, and nitrogen content, which helps prevent localized corrosion forms like pitting and crevice corrosion.
Heat Treatment and Hot Forming
- Penyepuhlindapan: Can be annealed at temperatures between 1010°C and 1120°C (1850°F to 2048°F) followed by rapid cooling to restore full ductility and minimize residual stresses.
- Kerja panas: Suitable for hot working within a temperature range of 1000°C to 1200°C (1832°F to 2192°F).
Hot forming can be used to produce complex shapes while maintaining the material’s mechanical properties.
4. Faedah menggunakan 1.4835 Keluli tahan karat
- Ketahanan yang tinggi: 1.4835 exhibits excellent performance even in extreme heat, which means longer service life in industrial settings.
- Penyelenggaraan yang rendah: Its resistance to high temperatures and oxidation reduces the need for frequent maintenance, translating into lower operational costs.
- Pengembangan haba: The material’s ability to withstand thermal expansion makes it ideal for use in environments subject to thermal cycling.
- Fleksibiliti dalam fabrikasi: It can be processed using common fabrication methods, including welding and machining, making it versatile in various applications.
5. Aplikasi 1.4835 Keluli tahan karat austenit
- Aeroangkasa: Components like turbine blades and exhaust systems that need to withstand extreme temperatures.
- Automotif: Used in exhaust systems, penukar pemangkin, and turbochargers.
- Pemprosesan kimia: Equipment exposed to high heat, such as reactors and heat exchangers.
- Penjanaan kuasa: Turbin, dandang, dan penukar haba.
- Petrokimia: Components in refineries and heat treatment systems.
Specific Components
- Penukar haba for cooling and heat transfer in industrial settings.
- Turbine parts that require thermal resistance.
- Furnace components such as burner tips, kiln linings, and thermal insulation parts.
6. Membandingkan 1.4835 with Other Stainless Steel Grades
1.4835 vs. 304 Keluli tahan karat
| Harta | 1.4835 | 304 |
|---|---|---|
| Rintangan haba | Up to 1100°C | Up to 870°C |
| Rintangan kakisan | Sederhana (not ideal for water) | Cemerlang (better for wet environments) |
| Aplikasi | High-temp environments | General-purpose applications |
1.4835 vs. 316 Keluli tahan karat
| Harta | 1.4835 | 316 |
|---|---|---|
| Rintangan haba | Up to 1100°C | Up to 870°C |
| Rintangan kakisan | Baik (except with water) | Cemerlang (especially against chlorides) |
| Aplikasi | High-temperature applications | Marine and chemical processing |
7. Challenges of Working with 1.4835
- Kos: The alloying elements, including rare earth materials like cerium, buat 1.4835 more expensive than other stainless steels.
- Welding Difficulties: While it can be welded, achieving the desired mechanical properties in welded joints can be difficult, especially at high temperatures.
- Sourcing: Availability may vary by region, sebagai 1.4835 is not as widely produced as more common grades like 304 atau 316.
8. Kesimpulan
Kesimpulannya, 1.4835 Keluli tahan karat is an ideal choice for industries requiring superior heat resistance dan Rintangan kakisan dalam persekitaran suhu tinggi.
Whether in the Aeroangkasa, Automotif, pemprosesan kimia, atau penjanaan kuasa industri, this material ensures reliable performance in the toughest conditions.
Its combination of high strength, excellent weldability, and heat tolerance makes it a go-to option for critical components in high-temperature and corrosive environments.
As industries continue to evolve, 1.4835 will undoubtedly remain a key material in the development of more advanced, high-performance systems.
9. FAQs about 1.4835 (X9CrNiSiNCe21-11-2)
Q: Boleh 1.4835 be used in marine applications?
- Tidak, 1.4835 is not recommended for marine applications due to its limited corrosion resistance, terutamanya dalam persekitaran yang kaya dengan klorida.
Q: How does 1.4835 compare to AISI 253MA?
- 1.4835 is essentially equivalent to AISI 253MA in terms of composition and performance, particularly in high-temperature environments.
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