सीएनसी टर्निंग क्या है?

What Is CNC Turning?

सीएनसी टर्निंग is a manufacturing process in which bars of material are held in a chuck and rotated while a cutting tool is fed to the piece to remove material to create the desired shape. This process is typically used to create round or tubular shapes， इसके अतिरिक्त, CNC turning allows the generation of complex external geometries and internal holes, including the machining of various threads、hexagons.

CNC Turning Process Overview

1. Workpiece Preparation

सामग्री चयन: The process begins with choosing an appropriate material for the workpiece, which could be metal, प्लास्टिक, लकड़ी, or other materials.

दबाना: The workpiece is clamped into the chuck of the CNC lathe. The chuck holds the workpiece securely and rotates it during the machining process.

2. प्रोग्रामिंग

सीएडी/सीएएम सॉफ्टवेयर: Engineers use Computer-Aided Design (पाजी) software to create a detailed model of the part to be produced. This model is then imported into Computer-Aided Manufacturing (कैम) software to generate the machining instructions.

जी कोड: The CAM software translates the design into G-code, a language CNC machines understand. This code contains all the instructions for tool movements, spindle speeds, फ़ीड दरें, and other parameters.

3. Machine Setup

उपकरण चयन: The appropriate cutting tools are selected and loaded into the turret of the CNC lathe. Common tools include turning tools, boring bars, and threading tools.

Tool Calibration: Each tool is calibrated to ensure it is correctly positioned relative to the workpiece. This involves setting the tool offsets and ensuring the machine’s coordinate system is properly aligned.

4. Machining Process

स्पिंडल रोटेशन: The CNC lathe’s spindle rotates the workpiece at a predetermined speed. The speed is selected based on the material and the desired surface finish.

उपकरण आंदोलन: Holding the cutting tools, the turret moves along the X and Z axes (and sometimes the Y axis) to engage the tools with the rotating workpiece. The CNC system precisely controls the movement.

सामग्री हटाना: The cutting tool removes material from the workpiece in a controlled manner.

5. गुणवत्ता नियंत्रण

परीक्षण प्रक्रिया में: As the machining progresses, measurements are taken to ensure the part meets the specified dimensions and tolerances. This can involve manual measurements or automated probing systems.

अंतिम निरीक्षण: एक बार मशीनिंग पूरी हो जाए, the part is removed from the machine and undergoes a thorough inspection for dimensional accuracy, सतह खत्म, and other quality criteria.

6. प्रोसेसिंग के बाद

डिबुरिंग और फिनिशिंग: The machined part is often subjected to additional processes such as deburring (removing sharp edges), घर्षण, or coating to achieve the desired final properties.

विधानसभा: If the part is a component of a larger assembly, it may be assembled with other parts as required.

Types of CNC Turning Operations

CNC turning encompasses various operations performed on a turning center, शामिल:

1. का सामना करना पड़: उपकरण को पूरे भाग में लंबवत रूप से फीड करके वर्कपीस के घूर्णी अक्ष के लंबवत एक सपाट सतह को काटना.
2. मोड़: वर्कपीस के बाहरी व्यास से सामग्री हटाना, पतला भाग बनाने के लिए या तो समानांतर या कोण पर.
3. ड्रिलिंग: भाग के घूर्णन अक्ष के साथ छेद बनाना. उन्नत केंद्र विभिन्न अभिविन्यासों में ड्रिल कर सकते हैं.
4. उबाऊ: Enlarging an existing hole by feeding a cutting tool into the hole’s inner wall.
5. सूत्रण: वर्कपीस के आंतरिक या बाहरी व्यास पर धागे काटना.
6. ग्रूविंग/विभाजन: ओ-रिंग ग्रूव्स जैसी सुविधाएं बनाना या ग्रूविंग टूल का उपयोग करके तैयार हिस्से को स्टॉक से अलग करना.
7. गूँथना: सामग्री को संपीड़ित करके बाहरी व्यास पर हीरे का पैटर्न बनाना, आमतौर पर पकड़ जोड़ने के लिए उपयोग किया जाता है.

Types of CNC Turning Machines

Horizontal Lathes: Commonly used for general turning operations.

लंबवत खराद: Ideal for large and heavy workpieces.

Swiss-Type Lathes: Designed for small, परिशुद्धता भाग.

Common Turning Tooling Types

Boring Bar: Enlarges existing holes.

Parting Tool: Cuts off pieces from the workpiece.

Grooving Tool: Creates grooves or slots.

Threading Tool: Forms threads on the workpiece.

Form Tool: Shapes the workpiece into a specific profile.

What materials are commonly used in turning applications?

CNC turning is a versatile manufacturing process that can work with a wide range of materials. Here are some of the most common materials used in turning applications:

धातुओं:

1. अल्युमीनियम – Lightweight and easy to machine, often used in aerospace, ऑटोमोटिव, और उपभोक्ता उत्पाद.
2. इस्पात – Various types including stainless steel, उपकरण इस्पात, and carbon steel, are used in construction, उत्पादन, और ऑटोमोटिव उद्योग.
3. टाइटेनियम – Strong and lightweight, ideal for aerospace and medical applications.
4. पीतल – Good for electrical and decorative applications due to its conductivity and aesthetic appeal.
5. ताँबा – Used for its excellent thermal and electrical conductivity.
6. पीतल – Known for its wear resistance and corrosion resistance.
7. मैगनीशियम – Lightweight and strong, used in electronics and aerospace.
8. टंगस्टन – Very hard and heat-resistant, used in specialized applications like tooling.

प्लास्टिक:

1. एक्रिलिक (पीएमएमए) – Transparent and easy to machine, used for displays and lighting.
2. पेट (एक्रिलोनिट्राइल ब्यूटाडीन स्टाइरीन) – Durable and impact-resistant, commonly used in prototyping and manufacturing.
3. पीसी (पॉलीकार्बोनेट) – Transparent and impact-resistant, used in safety equipment and electronics.
4. तिरछी (पॉलीथर ईथर केटोन) – High-temperature and chemical-resistant, used in aerospace and medical devices.
5. नायलॉन (पॉलियामाइड) – Strong and flexible, used in gears and mechanical parts.
6. पीवीसी (पॉलीविनाइल क्लोराइड) – Rigid and affordable, used in construction and signage.
7. पालतू (Polyethylene Terephthalate) – Used in packaging and containers.
8. polypropylene (पीपी) – Flexible and chemically resistant, used in packaging and medical devices.

सम्मिश्र:

1. कार्बन फाइबर प्रबलित पॉलिमर (सीएफआरपी) – High strength-to-weight ratio, used in aerospace and automotive.
2. Fiberglass Reinforced Polymers (एफआरपी) – Strong and lightweight, used in construction and automotive.
3. Kevlar – High tensile strength and cut resistance, used in protective gear and armor.

Ceramics and Glass:

1. एल्यूमिना – Used in electronic components and wear-resistant parts.
2. सिलिकन कार्बाइड - कठोर और पहनने के लिए प्रतिरोधी, used in abrasive applications.
3. zirconia – Strong and biocompatible, used in dental and medical applications.
4. Glass – Transparent and brittle, used in optical components and decorative items.

Wood and Wood-Based Materials:

1. Solid Woods – Used in furniture and decorative items.
2. एमडीएफ (Medium Density Fiberboard) – Used in furniture and cabinetry.
3. प्लाईवुड – Used in construction and furniture.

When selecting materials for turning applications, consider factors such as the application requirements, यांत्रिक विशेषताएं, लागत, and availability. If you have a specific project in mind, let me know, and I can help you determine which materials might be best suited for your needs.

Advantages of CNC Turning

शुद्धता: CNC turning provides high precision and repeatability, ensuring consistent quality across multiple parts.

क्षमता: Automated control reduces the time required for setup and machining, increasing production efficiency.

जटिल आकार: Capable of producing complex geometries and intricate details that would be difficult or impossible to achieve manually.

FLEXIBILITY: Suitable for a wide range of materials and applications, प्रोटोटाइप से लेकर बड़े पैमाने पर उत्पादन तक.

Reduced Labor: Minimizes the need for manual intervention, reducing the risk of human error and improving safety.

Applications of CNC Turning

CNC turning and machining processes are highly beneficial to different manufacturing sectors. Below we will take a brief look at the applications of turning operations.

मोटर वाहन उद्योग

CNC turning operations are pretty common in the manufacture of components of automobiles that help improve the functioning of the vehicle. The process is compatible with manufacturing metal components like cylinder blocks and plastic components like dashboard components.

Electrical Industry

CNC turning is suitable for creating circuit boards, among other electrical components. Since it’s an extremely precise machining process, products are electronically efficient, meeting all requirements and specifications.

एयरोस्पेस उद्योग

The aviation industry requires a process like CNC turning and machining because of its high dimensional accuracy. They are suitable for designing steel parts for the shuttle and aircraft fasteners and internal components.

What Is the difference between सीएनसी मिलिंग और मोड़?

CNC Milling is mainly realized by rotating and moving the tool on the surface of the workpiece and is often used to process flat, घुमावदार सतहें और भागों के जटिल आकार, जैसे गियर, धारणीयता, भागों के गोले, और इसी तरह.

CNC Turning is mainly realized by rotating the workpiece and cutting with the tool on the workpiece and is often used to process cylindrical-shaped parts, जैसे शाफ्ट, बीयरिंग, धागे, वगैरह.

टर्निंग और मिलिंग समानताएँ

दोनों प्रक्रियाएं, मोड़ना और मिलिंग करना, अवांछित सामग्री को हटाने के लिए घटिया विनिर्माण का उपयोग करें, अपशिष्ट चिप्स का उत्पादन. वे स्टॉक सामग्री में भिन्न हैं, मशीनिंग के तरीके, और उपकरण लेकिन दोनों उन्नत सीएनसी तकनीक का उपयोग करते हैं. इंजीनियर CAD सॉफ़्टवेयर का उपयोग करके मशीनों को प्रोग्राम करते हैं, पर्यवेक्षण को कम करना और मानवीय त्रुटि को कम करना, जो लगातार गुणवत्ता के लिए गति और विश्वसनीयता को बढ़ाता है.

एल्यूमीनियम जैसी धातुओं के लिए टर्निंग और मिलिंग उपयुक्त हैं, इस्पात, पीतल, ताँबा, और टाइटेनियम, साथ ही विभिन्न थर्मोप्लास्टिक्स. तथापि, वे रबर और सिलिकॉन जैसी सामग्रियों के लिए उपयुक्त नहीं हैं (बहुत नरम) या सिरेमिक (बहुत कठिन).

दोनों तकनीकें गर्मी उत्पन्न करती हैं और इस समस्या को प्रबंधित करने के लिए अक्सर काटने वाले तरल पदार्थ का उपयोग करती हैं.

How to Choose Between CNC Milling and CNC Turning

CNC Milling is generally considered the most recommended method for producing parts with complex shapes, while CNC Turning is equally good for simpler, round shapes.

बहरहाल, Both CNC Milling and CNC Turning can be used sequentially when a part requires both complex shapes and cylindrical features. because there may be situations where both operation processes are required.

Professional Advice:

If you’re unsure about which process to use or need guidance on the most efficient way to manufacture your part, consider hiring professional machining services. DEZE can help you make informed decisions based on your specific requirements and the characteristics of the part you wish to produce.

DEZE’s CNC Turning Capability

State-of-the-art CNC Machines

Our precision CNC machining capabilities include CNC turning, सीएनसी मिलिंग, and turn-milling to exact specifications. This ensures high accuracy for your parts and high efficiency for your production and enables fast, कुशल, and cost-effective conversion of single prototypes to mass production.

Efficient Turning Operations

Our CNC lathes can provide efficient boring operations with live tooling. Mount the boring head with one, two, or multiple cutters into the tailstock or the rotates head and process deep or large diameter holes with the same precision and rigidity parameters. It saves your time and the precision of the turning parts is higher.

निष्कर्ष

CNC Turning is a highly efficient and precise machining process used to create cylindrical and symmetrical parts. By automating the control of machine tools, it allows for the production of complex shapes with high accuracy and repeatability. This process is integral to modern manufacturing, providing the capability to produce high-quality components for various industries, ऑटोमोटिव सहित, एयरोस्पेस, चिकित्सा, और अधिक.