1. Introduction Among cold-work steels, A2 vs O1 tool steel occupies prominent positions in the AISI/SAE and ASTM A681 standards. […]

1. Introduction Steel is one of the most critical materials in modern engineering, supporting industries ranging from construction and automotive

1. Pengenalan 4140 steel is a low-alloy chromium-molybdenum steel. It offers an excellent combination of strength, ketangguhan, dan memakai rintangan,

1. Introduction D2 tool steel has long been recognized for its exceptional wear resistance and dimensional stability, making it a

1. Introduction Choosing the right stainless steel grade directly influences product performance, panjang umur, dan keberkesanan kos. Dalam artikel ini, we present

1. Introduction Corrosion-resistant alloys underpin critical infrastructure—from offshore platforms to chemical-processing plants. Kerana persekitaran perkhidmatan tumbuh lebih agresif, selecting the