Ball valve vs butterfly valve are among the most widely used quarter-turn valves in industry. Both provide rapid operation and compact installations, but they serve very different needs:

• Kulové kohouty deliver excellent tight shutoff, low pressure drop when full open, ruggedness and generally superior sealing performance — ideal for isolation, service with higher pressures / temperatures and where leakage cannot be tolerated.
• Klapkové ventily provide a lighter, lower-cost alternative that excels at large diameters, nízký- to medium-pressure systems and applications where space, weight and cost are critical (NAPŘ., HVAC, Distribuce vody).
  High-performance designs narrow performance gaps, but tradeoffs remain.

This article compares the two valve families from design, Hydraulické, mechanický, materials and lifecycle perspectives so you can choose the correct valve for a given application.

1. Structural Principles and Classifications of Ball Valve vs Butterfly Valve

Ball valve

A ball valve uses a hollowed, rotating sphere (the “ball”) with a through-hole (otvor) that aligns with the pipe to permit flow or rotates 90° to block it.

Operation is quarter-turn (90°) between fully open and fully closed. Variants include floating ball and trunnion-mounted ball designs; port styles include full-port, reduced-port, and V-port (for throttling).

Classifications

1. By Body Construction:

• • One-Piece Ball Valve – Compact, hospodárný, minimal leak paths, non-serviceable.
  • Two-Piece Ball Valve – Easier maintenance, common in industrial piping.
  • Three-Piece Ball Valve – Removable center section for in-line servicing; favored in high-purity and sanitary processes.

2. By Ball Support Type:

• • Floating Ball Valve – Ball floats against downstream seat for sealing; typical in small to medium sizes.
  • Trunnion-Mounted Ball Valve – Ball fixed on trunnions, reducing seat load and operating torque; suitable for large diameters and high pressure.

3. By Port Design:

• • Plný ventil Port Port Ball – Bore diameter equals pipe ID, minimální pokles tlaku.
  • Reduced Port Ball Valve – Smaller bore, cost savings, slightly higher pressure drop.
  • V-Port Ball Valve – V-shaped notch in ball for precise flow control.

4. By Special Features:

• • Cryogenic Ball Valve, Metal-Seated Ball Valve, Fire-Safe Ball Valve, Cavity-Filler Ball Valve for slurry service.

Butterfly valve

A ventil motýlů uses a flat, circular disc mounted on a shaft. Rotating the shaft 90° turns the disc from parallel (open) to perpendicular (closed) to flow.

Configurations include concentric (zero-offset), double-offset (vysoce výkonný), and triple-offset (metal-seat, high-pressure/temperature sealing).

Classifications

1. By Body Type:

• • Motýlový ventil typu destičky – Fits between flanges, held by bolts; compact and lightweight.
  • Uzavírací klapkový ventil – Threaded inserts for independent flange connection.
  • Přírubový motýlí ventil – Integrated flanges for high-pressure service.

2. By Disc Offset:

• • Soustředný motýlový ventil – Stem axis coincides with disc center; low-pressure duty.
  • Double Offset Butterfly Valve – Stem offset from disc and body center, reducing seat wear; higher pressure capability.
  • Trojitý přesazený motýlový ventil – Adds third offset for metal-to-metal sealing; high-temperature service up to ~600°C.

3. By Seat Design:

• • Motýlový ventil s pružným sedlem – Rubber/elastomer seat, Class VI shutoff, up to ~150°C.
  • PTFE-Lined Butterfly Valve – Excellent chemical resistance for corrosive media.
  • Metal-Seated Butterfly Valve – For abrasive or extreme temperature applications.

2. Impact of Material Selection on the Performance of Ball and Butterfly Valves

Material selection directly influences valve performance in sealing reliability, service life, odolnost proti korozi, and suitability for specific media and operating conditions.

Obě kulové ventily a klapky require careful matching of body, oříznout, and seat materials to the intended application environment.

Material Selection for Ball Valves

Valve Body Material

• Uhlíková ocel (WCB / A216) – High strength and cost-effective; suited for non-corrosive fluids in oil & plynovody. Temperature limit: ~425°C.
• Nerez (CF8 / CF8M) – Superior corrosion resistance; CF8M (316) withstands chlorides and seawater.
• Duplex & Super duplexní nerezová ocel – Excellent resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion; ideal for seawater and offshore platforms.
• Mosaz / Bronz – Good for potable water, HVAC, and low-pressure industrial systems; Mírná odolnost proti korozi.
• Legované oceli & Slitiny niklu (Inconel, Monel) – Selected for extreme chemical resistance, vysoké teploty, or sour gas service.

Ball and Seat Material

• Ball:

• • Chrome-Plated Carbon Steel – Good hardness and wear resistance for general duty.
  • 316 Nerez – Corrosion-resistant for chemical and food-grade applications.
  • Ceramic-Coated Balls – Exceptional wear resistance for abrasive media.

• Sedadlo:

• • PTFE (Teflon) – Wide chemical compatibility, up to ~200°C.
  • Reinforced PTFE (R-PTFE) – Enhanced wear resistance, higher pressure handling.
  • Metal Seats (Stellite, Tungsten Carbide) – Suitable for high-temperature steam and abrasive slurries, up to ~600°C.

Material Selection for Butterfly Valves

Valve Body Material

• Litina / Tažné železo – Common for water supply and HVAC; ductile iron offers higher strength.
• Uhlíková ocel – Used in oil & plyn, výroba energie, and moderate-pressure steam service.
• Nerez (304, 316) – Ideal for food processing, chemikálie, and corrosive environments.
• Hliníkový bronz – Excellent resistance to seawater and marine biofouling.

Disc and Seat Material

• Disk:

• • Nerez (316) – Excellent corrosion resistance in aggressive media.
  • Duplexní nerezová ocel – High strength and chloride resistance.
  • Coated Discs (Epoxid, Nylon, or PTFE) – For abrasion or chemical resistance in municipal and chemical service.

• Sedadlo:

• • EPDM – Good for water and mild chemicals; temperature range ~–40°C to +120°C.
  • NBR (Nitrilová pryž) – Oil and fuel resistance; –30°C to +100°C.
  • PTFE-Lined – Excellent for corrosive acids and solvents.
  • Metal Seats – For high-temperature or abrasive conditions; used in triple offset designs.

3. Comparison of Sealing Performance of Ball Valve vs Butterfly Valve

Sealing capability is one of the most critical parameters in valve selection, as it directly impacts leakage rates, operational safety, and maintenance intervals.

Industry standards such as ANSI/FCI 70-2 a ISO 5208 define leakage classes, ranging from Class I (highest permissible leakage) to Class VI (Bubble-těsná uzavření).

4. Flow Control Performance of Ball Valve vs Butterfly Valve

Flow performance is a key determinant in valve selection, influencing pump sizing, účinnost systému, and energy consumption.

The two most important parameters here are flow coefficient (CV) a pokles tlaku (Δp), both defined by standards such as ISA S75.02 a IEC 60534.

Flow coefficient (CV)

Cv is the flow of water (GPM) at 60°F that results in a 1 psi pressure drop across the valve. Valve Cv depends on size and design.

• Kulové kohouty: Full-port ball valves typically have high Cv for their nominal size and produce very low pressure drop when fully open because the bore nearly matches pipe ID.
  Reduced-port ball valves lower Cv. Ball valves with V-ports are designed to provide more linear throttling characteristics.
• Klapkové ventily: For a given nominal diameter, butterfly valves often have a higher Cv than reduced-port ball valves because the disc open area is large;
  však, because the disc obstructs the flow profile even when open (especially in eccentric designs), pressure drop and flow profile differ.
  V praxi, a butterfly valve tends to show a more gradual change in flow coefficient vs angle than a standard ball valve (except V-ball).

Throttling/control behavior

• Kulové kohouty: Not ideal for fine throttling unless specially designed (V-port or characterized trim).
  Abrupt change around small openings; risk of seat damage/erosion if used for long-term modulation with particulate slurry.
• Klapkové ventily: Generally better for coarse throttling in larger pipelines—double-offset and specially profiled discs can be used for control.
  Triple-offset valves with metal seats can handle higher temperatures and provide tighter control than concentric elastomeric butterfly valves.

Flow Performance Summary Table

5. Pressure/temperature ratings, size ranges and typical duty envelopes

Kulové kohouty

• Typical pressure ratings: ANSI třída 150 (~285 psi), Třída 300 (~740 psi), až do třídy 600/900 for forged/trunnion designs.
  Trunnion ball valves are common above ~6–8″ and/or > Třída 300.
• Teplota: Depends on seat material (PTFE seats commonly limited to ~200°C; metal seats for higher temperatures).
• Velikost: common from 1/4″ up to 24″+ in trunnion designs.

Klapkové ventily

• Typical pressure ratings: wafer/lug concentric up to ~PN10/PN16 (150–230 psi); lugged and double/triple offset up to PN25–PN40 and higher for special designs.
  High-performance triple-offset units are available for Class 150–600 equivalent pressures.
• Teplota: elastomer seats limited (–40°C to ~150°C); PTFE seats higher (~200°C); metal seats suitable for >200° C..
• Velikost: very common from 2″ to 48″+; cost/weight advantages become pronounced at larger diameters.

6. Media Adaptability of Ball Valve vs Butterfly Valve

The suitability of a valve for various media types depends on its flow path geometry, sealing design, a kompatibilita materiálu.

Choosing the right valve type is essential to avoid premature wear, clogging, or leakage in demanding service conditions.

Kulové ventily

Ball valves are highly adaptable and can handle a broad spectrum of media, včetně:

• Clean Fluids & Gases: Voda, olej, zemní plyn, stlačený vzduch.
• Corrosive Liquids: Kyseliny, alkálie, a mořská voda (with appropriate corrosion-resistant materials such as CF8M stainless or Hastelloy®).
• High-Viscosity Media: Asphalt, syrups, and heavy oils — the unobstructed bore minimizes pressure drop.
• Particle-Laden Media: Mud, ore slurry, and sludge. Metal-seated designs resist scratching from abrasive particles, and the spherical closure minimizes media retention.
• High-Temperature & Pára: With metal seats, ball valves can handle saturated or superheated steam in industrial service.

Their low turbulence flow path a robust sealing interface make them especially effective for slurry transport in mining, sludge discharge in wastewater plants, and chemical processing involving mixed-phase fluids.

Motýlkové ventily

Butterfly valves have moderate adaptability, with performance strongly influenced by sealing type:

• Soft-Seal Designs: Best for clean media such as potable water, stlačený vzduch, a nízkotlaká pára.
  They can be damaged by large particles or fibers, leading to leakage or seal degradation.
• Hard-Seal Designs: More tolerant of fine particles, but abrasive or high-solids service can still reduce sealing life over time.
• Corrosive or Special Media: PTFE-lined or rubber-lined butterfly valves can handle seawater, mírné chemikálie, and some slurries, though high-viscosity or high-abrasion media may still be better suited to ball valves.

Celkově, butterfly valves excel in clean or lightly contaminated fluids where space savings, Snížení hmotnosti, and quick shut-off are priorities, such as municipal water supply, HVAC chilled water loops, and low-pressure steam distribution.

7. Dimensions and Weight of Ball Valve vs Butterfly Valve

The physical footprint of a valve directly impacts installation space, supporting structure design, and handling requirements.

Ball valves and butterfly valves differ significantly in size and mass for equivalent nominal diameters (DN) and pressure ratings.

Kulové ventily

• Dimensions: Generally longer in face-to-face length due to the ball housing and seat support structure. Full-bore designs require a larger valve body to maintain unrestricted flow.
• Hmotnost: Heavier than butterfly valves of the same DN and pressure class because of thicker wall sections, larger housings, and denser internal components.
• Příklad (DN300, Třída 150):

• • Face-to-Face: ~457 mm (přírubové)
  • Hmotnost: 180–250 kg (depending on body material and bore design)

• Dopad: Increased weight and length may require additional pipe support and more clearance for installation, especially in confined spaces.

Motýlkové ventily

• Dimensions: Slim, compact design with short face-to-face lengths (often complying with ISO 5752 / API 609 short pattern dimensions). Disc occupies only the flow path space, reducing housing bulk.
• Hmotnost: Significantly lighter than ball valves for equivalent size and class, reducing installation labor and support requirements.
• Příklad (DN300, Třída 150):

• • Face-to-Face: ~127 mm (wafer type)
  • Hmotnost: 35–50 kg (depending on disc and body material)

• Dopad: Ideal for applications where weight reduction is critical — e.g., suspended piping, shipboard systems, and tall industrial structures.

Dimension & Weight Comparison Table

Data based on typical carbon steel construction, ANSI B16.10 face-to-face dimensions, and API 6D/API 609 návrhy.

8. Instalace, Údržba, and Cost Comparison

When selecting valves for industrial or municipal systems, installation complexity, požadavky na údržbu, and total cost-of-ownership are critical considerations.

Ball and butterfly valves differ significantly across these dimensions.

Installation Requirements

Kulové ventily:

• Require more space due to longer face-to-face dimensions and heavier weight.
• Přírubové, svařované, or threaded connections are common; careful alignment is critical to prevent stress on the valve body.
• Actuator installation (manuál, elektrický, or pneumatic) may need additional clearance for rotation of the handwheel or stem.

Motýlkové ventily:

• Extremely compact and lightweight, ideal for tight piping spaces.
• Typically installed as wafer or lug types, sandwiched between flanges, which reduces installation time.
• Actuators are easier to mount due to lower torque requirements and lighter disc.

Installation Summary: Butterfly valves are generally easier and faster to install, especially in large-diameter systems or retrofits.

Maintenance Costs

Kulové ventily:

• Maintenance involves seat and seal replacement, lubrication of the stem, and inspection of ball and body.
• Full-bore and trunnion-mounted designs are more complex, often requiring system shutdowns for servicing.
• Long-term maintenance costs are higher due to heavier, multi-component assemblies.

Motýlkové ventily:

• Maintenance is simpler; často, seat and disc replacement can be done in-situ without complete valve removal (for lugged designs).
• Fewer moving parts and lighter weight reduce wear on bearings and stem seals.
• Soft-seal butterfly valves may require more frequent seat replacement when handling abrasive media, but overall maintenance remains lower than ball valves.

Srovnání nákladů

Klíčové s sebou:

• Ball valves offer superior sealing reliability and media versatility, but at a premium in weight, instalace, and long-term maintenance.
• Butterfly valves provide nákladově efektivní, space-saving solutions, particularly suitable for large diameters, clean media, and applications where weight reduction is beneficial.

9. Development Trends and Technological Innovation

Modern valve engineering emphasizes chytré technologie, pokročilé materiály, and optimized designs to meet increasingly complex industrial demands.

Ball Valve Trends

Smart and IoT-Enabled Valves:

• Rozvoj sensor-integrated smart ball valves enables real-time monitoring of valve position, tlak, teplota, and leakage.
• Data transmission via IoT platforms allows predictive maintenance and remote diagnostics, enhancing safety and reducing downtime—for example, detecting leaks in natural gas pipelines and triggering automatic shut-off.

Pokročilé materiály:

• Použití composite materials (NAPŘ., ceramic-reinforced polymers) for balls and seats improves nosit odpor, odolnost proti korozi, and reduces weight, making valves suitable for extreme conditions.

Structural Optimization:

• Specialized ultra-high-pressure and cryogenic ball valves (NAPŘ., LNG service at -196°C) feature optimized sealing structures and materials to maintain performance under severe conditions.

Butterfly Valve Trends

High-Performance Sealing:

• Triple-offset butterfly valves are being refined to achieve metal-to-metal hard sealing, enabling zero leakage even under high-pressure conditions.
• This extends the applicability of butterfly valves to areas previously dominated by ball valves.

Energy-Efficient Actuation:

• Rozvoj low-power electric actuators with servo motors and precision gearboxes reduces energy consumption, Sladění s green and sustainable engineering requirements.

Large-Diameter Solutions:

• Expansion to extra-large diameters (DN4000+) allows butterfly valves to serve major hydraulic, municipal, and industrial piping systems efficiently.

Cross-Cutting Trends

• Digitalization and Predictive Maintenance: Both valve types are increasingly compatible with Průmysl 4.0 frameworks, using embedded sensors for monitoring pressure, točivý moment, and temperature.
• Enhanced Lifecycle Performance: Advanced materials, optimized designs, and smart actuation collectively reduce maintenance costs, improve safety, and increase energy efficiency.

10. Klíčové rozdíly: Ball Valve vs Butterfly Valve

11. Závěr

Ball valve vs butterfly valve, each occupies a distinct niche in fluid control systems, with their strengths and limitations shaped by structural design, výběr materiálu, a provozní požadavky.

• Kulové kohouty excel in tight shut-off, media versatility, a vysokotlaké aplikace, making them ideal for oil & plyn, Chemické zpracování, and steam systems.
  Their robust sealing, trvanlivost, and emerging smart technologies make them reliable for critical and extreme-condition operations.
• Klapkové ventily offer compact size, Lehký design, a efektivita nákladů, particularly suited for Potrubí velkého průměru, clean media, and moderate pressure systems.
  Advances in triple-offset designs and energy-efficient actuation are expanding their applicability into higher-pressure and industrial settings.

Zvyšení výběru:

• Vybrat kulové ventily for applications requiring precision, full closure, and media containing particles or high viscosity.
• Vybrat klapky pro space-constrained systems, large flow volumes, or cost-sensitive projects.

Nakonec, a thorough evaluation of provozní podmínky, Mediální charakteristiky, pressure/temperature requirements, and lifecycle costs is critical to ensure optimal valve performance and long-term reliability.

By understanding their comparative advantages, engineers can make informed decisions that balance efficiency, bezpečnost, a nákladová efektivita.

Časté časté

Can I use a butterfly valve for gas service?

Yes—elastomer-seat butterfly valves can be used for low-pressure gas, but ensure seats are gas-rated and leakage class is acceptable.

For pipeline gas isolation, metal-seated or ball valves are usually preferred.

Are ball valves suitable for throttling?

Standard ball valves are not designed for fine throttling—V-ball or specifically characterized ball valves are available for coarse control.

For precise modulation, use a control valve (zeměkoule) or a V-ball with a positioner.

Which valve is better for slurry?

Neither is ideal without specific design. Use hardened trims, sacrificial linings or slurry-specific valves.

Butterfly valves with rugged discs and bio-compatible coatings are common in large slurry lines; metal-seated ball valves can work in small bore slurry duty.

How big can a ball valve be?

Ball valves are manufactured in very large sizes (>24″ and higher) using trunnion designs, but cost and weight increase significantly. Butterfly valves become more economical above ~10–12″.