ʻO ka wai inu wai wai wai (kaulana nō hoʻi e like me ka sticate silitate) heʻano o ka laweʻana i ka wana-wax e hoʻohana ana e hoʻohana ana i kahiʻano silima silitate sodium-sticul sticub silitate wai.
E like me kekahi o nā kaʻina hana kūʻai kālāʻelua (ʻO ka mea nuiʻo Silica Sol), Hāʻawi ia i kahi kaulike o ka pololei a me ke kumukūʻai.
Ke hoʻomaka nei mai nāʻenehana maʻamau-wax i nāʻenehana i loko o Asia a meʻEulopa, ʻO ka wai wai-aniani i loaʻa i ka Traedsection Faction i loaʻa i ka kenekulia 20 e like me nā mea i loaʻa i kahi koho haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa loa.
Ma ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā mea maʻamau (quartz a iʻole silica one silica me Alkili Silitate Binders), Ua kūpono kēia kaʻina hana no ka lehulehu, ʻO nā'āpana paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe e like me nā kālā.
ʻO nā'āpana wai wai maʻamau-aniani mai kahi mau haneli haneli i 150 kg, me nā dimensions kiʻekiʻe a puni 1m, Ke kūpono nei no ka nui, nā mea koho kūpono.
He aha ka mea kūʻai aku o ka wai?
ʻO ka wai aniani wai keʻano o nā mea waiwaiʻole o ka loaʻa kālā (nalowale-wax) e hoʻolei ana i kahi silika sodium ("ʻO ke aniani wai") lawelawe e like me ka mea cliemik.
I ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa, wax (a iʻole plastic) Hanaʻia nā hiʻohiʻona a hōʻuluʻuluʻia i loko o kahi lāʻau.
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau Ua hoʻopaʻaʻia i loko o kahi slurry o nā mea hou o nā mea i hoʻopaʻaʻia i loko o ka silima silitate sodium, a laila uhiʻia me nā mea hoʻokūkū hoʻokūkū holomua stucco e kūkulu i kaʻili.
Hoʻokahi manawa nā cures she, Ua hoʻoheheʻeʻia a holoiʻia paha ka wax, Ke waiho nei i kahi lua hollow. Palapala Molly (ʻO nā kila a iʻole nā mea hao hao) ua nininiʻia i loko o kēia hana chemic.
Ma hope o ka hoʻoponoponoʻana, Ua wāwahiʻia ka mea e hōʻike i ka'āpana. I ka pōkole, ʻO ka wai inu wai wai-wai i ke kāweleʻana i ka "hoʻolimalima" i kahi master ma keʻano he silima-sichium-sichicate-sticicate-spemic.
Ua hoʻohālikelikeʻia i ka silica-silii (e hoʻohana ana i nā silica cilica a me nā zircon-pili), ʻO keʻano o ka wai-wai-wai wai i kahi kūpono o keʻano no ka uku haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ke kaʻina maʻalahi.
No ke aha e hoʻohana ai i ke aniani wai?
Ua kaulana loa ka wai aniani wai no ka mea hoʻemi i ke kumukūʻai a me ka hoʻoiliʻana pili i nāʻano hana'ē aʻe.
ʻO ka silika silitate silitate a me nā silica silica silica silica silica e loaʻa ai a maʻalahi hoʻi e mālama, No laila eʻoi aku nā mea hana a me nā mea kūʻai aku ma mua o nā mea liʻiliʻi o nā cilica-silica.
ʻo kahi laʻana, E pale i nā'ōnaehana wai-wai e pale aku i ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe o Silica Sol a me Sper Stidentity Sands, e hāʻawi ana i nā uku kālā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.
Ke kaʻina E hoʻopau i nā hanaʻelua: hele mai nā'āpana ma kahi kokoke (pinepine e koi pinepine ai i keʻano liʻiliʻi a iʻole machining).
I ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa, Hiki i nā pahu wai wai ke hopu i nā geomet paʻakikī loa (Me nā undercuts a me nā pūnaewele likeʻole) Keʻole o nā kumuwaiwai, Hoʻololi i ka hoʻolālā.
Wahi a nā kumuʻoihana, Hāʻawi i nā makana wai-wai "ʻO ka hoʻolālā paʻakikī me kaʻole o nā kihi draft" a "Hoʻohālikelike kūpono i hoʻohālikelikeʻia me ka nui o ka sanding",
ʻOiai e pale ana i nā kumu kūʻai nui, Nā'Upō, a iʻole nā mea i loaʻa i nā'āpana nui nui o nā wahi nui.
E hoʻolōʻihi i kēia wikiwiki E holo ana nā hana liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi-i-medium Ma kahi e liʻiliʻiʻia ai nā kumukūʻai hana.
I ka manawa like, ʻO nā'āpana wai wai ʻoi aku ka pololei ma mua o ke kauʻana o ke one.
ʻO nā mea i hanaʻia nā mea hana maʻamau ma keʻano o iso ct6-ct9, E like me keʻano o nā papa o ke kīwī maikaʻi o Sand.
ʻO ka pauʻana o nā wahi e kūlike ana: ma ke kauoha a Ra ~ 6-12 μm (He 250-500 μT),
ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o keʻano o ka green gart.
I ka pōkole, Ua kohoʻia ka wai aniani-wai i ka wā e pono ai kekahi i nāʻano paʻakikī a hoʻemi i ka hana o ka hana o ka hana,
akāʻoi aku ka nui o nā kumukūʻai aʻoi aku paha i ka nui e hana i ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻeʻo Silica-Sol.
Ke kaʻina hana hoʻokolohua
ʻO ka hanaʻana o ka wai-wai i ke kauʻana i ke kaʻina hana maʻamau-wax-wax me nāʻokoʻa'ē aʻe i nā mea maʻamau:
Wax kumu hana a me ke kumu lāʻau.
Ua hanaʻia kahi kumu hoʻohālike (e ka unsiction molding, 3D paʻi, a iʻole ka lima lima) a me kahi mea hana make / mold i hanaʻia inā pono.
Wax Replicas o ka'āpana i hanaʻia mai kēia haku. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau i laila Ua hōʻuluʻuluʻia i kahi puna maʻamau (Ke hana nei i kahi "lāʻau") me ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā hale hele wāwae a me nā mea hānai.
E hana kēia mau cluster cluster i nā hale kūʻai he nui i hoʻokahi ninini. ʻO nā papahele Wax he "ʻaʻahu" e wehe i nā seams a iʻole nā hemahema, e hāʻawi ana i kahi mea e like me ka pauʻana o kēlā me kēia kumu.
Kaila (Cemic cheating).
Hoʻokomo pinepineʻia ka hālāwai heleʻana i loko o kahi slurry refcory o ka sand one a iʻole zirccon flour i hoʻokuʻuʻia i kahi hopena silitate silika.
ʻO kēlā me kēia papaʻaina i ka wax i loko o kahi'āpana chemic liʻiliʻi (pinepine 0.5-1 mm) ma mua o ka sttuccoing me ka nui o ke one.
Ma hope o ka laweʻana i ka nui o ka slurry, a stucco tounder (ʻO nā Silikuʻo Silica Sand Granules) e pili ana e ka nininiʻana a iʻole ka moeʻana e pili ana i ka mea e hoʻopili ai i ka slurry sticky.
Uaʻaeʻia ka cluster e paʻakikī (pinepine pinepine i ka hau a iʻole ka wela wela). Ua hana pinepineʻia kēiaʻano lole maloʻo-maloʻo 4-7 mau manawa e hōʻea i ka mānoanoa e pono ai (maʻamau 5-15 mm huina).
I loko o kēiaʻano, ma hope e hoʻohana i nā coats e hoʻohana ai i ka pale a me kekahi mau mea hou (e.g. Nā Kahuʻo Silica mua no ka kiko'ī, corsese quarz sand ma ke kākoʻoʻana i nā'āpana) e hoʻonui i ka ikaika a me ka permelitability.
I nā kaʻina wai-wai, ʻO Quartz / FIED-SIMIca Sands lāuaʻo Alumino-silicates ka uku maʻamau. ʻO ka hope loa ka pau loa (i kekahi manawa i nā mea ulu haʻahaʻa) e wehe i ka wai.
Dewaxing a me ke ahi.
ʻO ka pūpū pale paʻakikī i hanaʻia e melting i ka wax mailoko mai o ka papa.
ʻAʻole like me nā silica silica-Sol (ka mea maʻamau e hoʻopau i ka wax i loko o kahi furnnece burnout a iʻole ka flame), ʻO nā'āpana wai-wai pinepine i loko o ka wai wela a iʻole e hōʻike i ka steam e hoʻoheheʻe i ka wax.
ʻO ke kumu e hoʻomaʻemaʻe koke i ka wax i ka wā e hōʻemi ana i ke kaumaha (ʻO SODIMUM SIMIMATE SIKIL SILL FREET i ke anuanu).
Ma hope o ka dewaxing, ʻO ka pū polohi (hoopnoia) I ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe (pinepine 800-1000 ° C) e hoʻoikaika i ka cemic a iʻole e puhi i nā mea i koe.
Ke kumu nui nei kēia i ka silika silitate silitate i ka lawehala a me ka'āpanaʻokoʻa, Ke hana nei i kahi pila, ʻO ka molūʻole.
E ninini ana i nā meatal.
Ua nininiʻiaʻo Molten i keʻano i loko o keʻano o mua i keʻano maʻamau. No ka mea, e hoʻohana ana i nā'āpana wai-wai e hoʻohana i nā silica Silica Silica, ʻO kā lākou wai wela a me ko lākou hana a me keʻano o ka hana.
Kākoʻo ka pūpū i ke kala a hiki i ka hoʻoponopono (me nā kāhiko liʻiliʻi i ka wā e hoʻohanaʻia ai nā alaloa).
Shell wehe a hoʻopau.
Kū hoʻokahi, Hoʻokuʻuʻia kaʻili o ka ceramic ma nāʻano mechanical (e.g. pana, vibration a hammering paha) e hōʻike i nā'āpana.
Ke hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻiaʻo Satez Sandz. Uaʻokiʻia ka lāʻau pā hale, a uaʻokiʻia nā'īpuka a me nā mea kū.
Hope loa Ke hoʻopauʻana E hui pū me ka hoʻopiliʻana, Cnc iching, a nā mea kino kino e like me ka mea e pono ai.
No ka mea,ʻo ka pauʻana o ka hope mua, E koi pinepineʻia nā wai aniani-wai i kekahi mau mea e ulu ai a iʻole machining, akāʻo ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o nā hale o nā'ōmaʻomaʻo.
Stucial, ʻO keʻano o ke kino wai eʻokoʻa i kahi kaʻina Silica-Sol Binder a me DEWAX.
I ka wai aniani, silika sodium (ʻO Alkali Silicate) nā hoʻonohonoho e ka maloʻo a me ka curing, i kahi silica-Sol (cilica Silica) ʻO nā mea paʻakikī e paʻakikī ma ka gelation.
Hanaʻiaʻo Dewaxing me ka wai wela (a 'ūlū dewax) ma kahi o ka lapalapa. ʻO kēia mauʻokoʻa ka hopena o ka manawa a me ka maikaʻi.
ʻo kahi laʻana, He nani nā hale kupapaʻu o Dewax ma nā wahi kīwī, Akā e pono ai i ka wai wai-wai. Eia pū pū kekahi, Loaʻa i nā'āpana wai-wai nui i loaʻa i ka paʻaʻana i ka nui o ka wā ma mua o Zircon-sili sillica-Sol Shells, E like me ka kūkāʻana ma lalo nei.
Kākana Bokse
ʻO ka Binder i loko o ka wai aniani wai sodusum silitate solute (ʻAno maʻamau Nānso · nasio₂). Smotically, He alkaline wai nui (pH ~ 11-13) a hanaʻia me kahiʻano silica-to-soda.
Nāʻano maʻamau mai a 2:1 i 3.3:1 Sio₂:ʻO ka pae kaulike Na₂o (hōʻike pinepineʻia e ka module, e.g. M = 2.0 mau mea e pili ana 2.3 mau'āpana siti₂ per Navo).
ʻO kaʻikepili a me nā mea hoʻoponopono i nā waiwai nui. Nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (hou-Nanoha) hāʻawi i kahi slurry fludiry hou a wikiwiki hoʻi i hoʻonohonohoʻia, akā, he hygroscopic hou a me nā mea haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.
Nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe (Ponoʻoi loa Siio₂) E hoʻonui i ka pale wela a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.
ʻO ke aniani wai wai-wai (siscosity e like me ka wai) a me nā kaulike e ka evapration a me ka wela wela. E like me ka mea, E hana ia i kahi hui amphous amphous amphous.
He hygroscopic, No laila, pono e maloʻo nā Shell ma mua o ka puhiʻana a iʻole ka hoʻolahaʻana i ka ea a me ka wai, a iʻole hiki iā lākou ke hoʻoponopono hou a hōʻole.
I ka lawelawe, Hiki i keʻano o ka nohona ke alakaʻi i nā pahu Steam a iʻole ka pososity inā nininiʻia keʻano. ʻO ke kūlana curing Stage maʻamau e pili ana i ka palaoa ma ka 100-200 ° C e paʻakikī i kaʻili a holo i ka lepo.
Loaʻa i nā mea waiwai SQUIMIM SIDERS e pili ana i kā lākou uku haʻahaʻa, ʻO ke ola "shefe ola", a me ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻohana (ʻaʻohe mea e hoʻopili ai i nā meaʻona).
Ua hoʻonohonoho lākou e ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe maʻalahi (a iʻole me kahi cure paʻakai) a me ka hāʻawiʻana i nā'ōpū.
Akā naʻe,, nā palena palena: Hiki i ko lākou alkalinity kiʻekiʻe e hiki ke hoʻouka i ka restictory grains a iʻole nā mea hao (ʻO ka aluminim, ke kumu o ke koina), a hāʻawi i kā lākou aniani aniani i ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe o ke kiʻekiʻe ma mua o nā silica-Sol Shells.
Laulaha, ʻO ka wai inu wai wai e hoʻopauʻia inā heated ma luna ~ 800-900 ° C, No laila, e lawe lākou i nā mea hao / hao hao akāʻo ka marginal no nā alloys wela loa.
ʻOiaiʻaʻole kēia, Nohoʻo Sodium Silcite a Kaulana I kaʻoihana. ʻO ia kekahi o nā mea hakakāʻekolu (me ka sticate silicate a me ke cilical silica) cheted maʻamau no ka hoʻopukaʻana i ka hoʻopukaʻana.
Nā meaʻona a me ke kūkuluʻana i nāʻenehana
Ua kūkuluʻia ka Shell no ka wai aniani wai Nā hale hou o Silca. I ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa, ʻO nā mea mua silica a iʻole quarz sand (hoʻopunipuni a iʻole crystallarine), i hui pūʻia me nā alumino-silitates.
Nā'āpana maʻamau (Laulu) ʻO nā lole paha he 100-200 mesh (75-150 μm) E hopu i nā kiko'ī, ʻOiai e hoʻohana ana i nā pale bats (e.g. 30-60 osh).
Ua hoʻohana pinepineʻiaʻo Zircon i nā'āpana wai wai (ʻaʻole like me nā silica silica-Sol) Ma muli o ke kumukūʻai - Ma kahi, Hanaʻiaʻo Cheaper Silica Sads.
Hiki ke hoʻohuiʻiaʻo Finner Alumina a iʻole titania Bulpur e hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kū'ēʻana, Akāʻo ka kumuʻo Silica.
He mea nui ka mana o PH i ka slurry. ʻO ka bilima silitate silitate he alkaline nui loa, no laila pinepine kahi liʻiliʻi o buffer or salk (E like me ka sodium bicarbonate) hoʻohuiʻia e hoʻoponopono i ka manawa gel a pale i ka ho'ōla koke.
Nānā nā mea hana i ka slurry ph (pinepine a puni 11-12) a me ka viscosity e hōʻoia i ka mānoanoa o ka lole. Hiki i ka alkaliny kiʻekiʻe ke kumu i ke kapa mua i ka gel mua ma mua o ka wax.
I ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa, Hoʻohana nā wai wai-wai 4 i 7 Nā Kūlana Kūlana (Prime Coat Plus me nā lole stucco-back).
ʻo kahi laʻana, ʻO kahi pahu mua i loko o kahi slica slirry maikaʻi e ukaliʻia e stuccoping me ka stutccoting me ka quartz sand (ʻO kēia "Prime Coat" Locks i ka kiko'ī kiko'ī).
Hoʻohanaʻo Coseququent Coats i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻiʻana e kūkulu i ka ikaika. Pono e maloʻo kēlā me kēia (pinepine 1-2 mau hola ma ka mahana o ka lumi a iʻole wikiwiki i kahi umu haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa) Ma mua o ke kapa aʻe.
ʻO ka mānoanoa hope loa ka maʻamau ma ke kauoha o 5-15 mm huina.
I ka wā e maloʻo ai, Ke nānā pono nei a me ka haʻahaʻa a me ka hoʻomehana i ka maloʻoʻana, ʻOiai e lohi ana i ka holoiʻana i ka holoʻana a iʻole kaʻoluʻolu.
Hoʻohālikelikeʻia i nā silica-sol silica, ʻO nā'āpana wai-wai ikaika akāʻoi aku ka hoʻolaʻa.
Hāʻawiʻo Silia Silita i nā mea nui i hāʻawiʻia i ka ikaika wela i ka ~ 900 ° C, Akā ma mua o kēlā me keʻano o ke aniani sodumum e hoʻomaka ai e hoʻomaka.
Ma ka hoʻohālikelike, E hoʻohana pinepine nā SIRE SILUS-Sol Silicall a me Alumina a me Alumina i nāʻaoʻao e noho ma luna 1200 ° C.
I nā'ōlelo'ē aʻe, Hiki i nā silica-Sols keʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ke kauʻana i nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o nāʻano nui, kahi i kaupalenaʻia nā'āpana wai-wai-mau i nā kāla a me nā irons.
E kāohi ana i nā metala a me ka hoʻokūkū
ʻO ka wai wai wai-aniani i nā excels me nā alloys maʻamau. Hoʻokomoʻia nā mea kanu maʻamau ʻaihue kīwī, hoʻohaʻahaʻa- a me nā kinipōpō-alloy, ʻO ka wela-pale nā mea kanu lāʻau, a me nā kālele manganese.
Hūnā i nā irons (hina hina a me ka ductile) e hoʻolei pinepineʻia. Hiki ke nininiʻia kēia mau hana i ka 1400-1600 ° C RAG me kaʻole o ka catastropically e hōʻino i kaʻili silica (me nā papa hana wela).
I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, Ua kaulana loa ka wai-wai e kāʻei i nā'āpana a me nā'āpana kaumaha i hanaʻia, kahi o ka ikaika (ua hoʻohālikelikeʻia i ka pā o Sand) a ua ukuʻole ka paʻakikī.
ʻO ke aniani wai ʻaʻole i kūpono i nā mea hou a iʻole nā kukui māmā. Alumini a me ka magnesium alloys, ʻo kahi laʻana, koi nui loa, Kāliulie hoʻomaʻemaʻe.
ʻO kekahi mea nui a iʻole ka soda ma kaʻili hiki ke hana i ka postity postrogen i ka alumini a iʻole kaʻaeʻana.
ʻO Titanium a me nā hana hou'ē aʻe e koi pinepine ai i nā silica-Sol a iʻole nā'ōnaehana semimic (a iʻole e hoʻoheheʻeʻia) No ka mea,ʻaʻole i loaʻa i nā wai aniani o nā wai i koiʻia a iʻole ka maʻemaʻe.
(Hoʻomaʻamaʻa, nalowale i ka wana-wax o ka titinium e hana like me ka restractory me ka restyory zircory / alumina-system, ʻaʻole wai wai.)
Pela no, ʻO ka hoʻokūkū metallirgical kahi manaʻo nui loa: Ua kohoʻia ke aniani wai i ka wā e kūpono ai ka cartal me Silica (Nā'ōnaehana Ferror) a me ka hoʻokele waiwai e pono ai.
I nā'ōlelo o ka metallirgy, Hiki i nā pahu wai wai ke hiki ke hoʻokō i ka maikaʻiʻana.
ʻo kahi laʻana, Hiki i nā pahu kaʻa kaʻa e hoʻokaʻawale i ke kākela liʻiliʻi ma ka interface i ka'ōpū inā dewaxed me ka wai i hoʻopaʻaʻia, No laila ua hoʻohanaʻia ka wai.
ʻO keʻano o keʻano o keʻano o ka cemic e kōkua i ka hydrogen ventrogen a me nā hau; Akā naʻe,, ʻO kekahi mea ponoʻole e hiki ai i ka dorwax a iʻole ka mika hiki ke hana i keʻano o ke kino.
Ua hoʻokeleʻiaʻo Shrinktage ma o nā alahele a me nā vents e like me ka maʻamau.
Laulaha, E hele pū nā wai wai-wai i hui pūʻia me nā wahi'ē aʻe'ē aʻe -ʻo ka hopena liʻiliʻi e like me keʻano liʻiliʻi.
Nā Kūlana kūpono (E like me ka uku a iʻole ka hoʻomaʻamaʻaʻana i ka lewa) e noiʻia e like me ka pono, Akā he kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa o keʻano binder.
ʻO ka pololei a me ka hoʻopauʻana a me ka pauʻana
Ka hoʻokōʻana o nā wai wai wai. Huahuai aiko maʻamau Iso ct7-ct9 No nā'āpana maʻamau. (No nā pā maikaʻi, E hoʻomaha pahaʻo Tolerance i CT9 a CT10.)
E kau i kēia i ka hiʻohiʻona, Iso ct7 on a 50 Hāʻawiʻo MM i kahi o ± 0.10 mm i kahi kūlike, kahi o ct6 e lilo i ± 0,06 mm.
I ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa, Hiki i nā'āpana liʻiliʻi a me nā kaʻina hana maikaʻi e hiki ke hoʻokokoke iā CT6-CT7,
akāʻoi aku ka nui aʻoi aku paha i nā mea hoʻokūkū paʻakikī i nā manawa o CT8-CT9.
Hoʻohālikelike kēia i ka sand sand canding i nā mea kūʻai aku.
Ma ka hoʻohālikelike, Hiki i nā hale kūʻai kiʻekiʻe-silica kiʻekiʻe e hiki ai iā CT4-CT6 ma nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, No laila ua liʻiliʻi ka wai wai e pili ana i kahi papa hana.
E kuhikuhi i nā hale hōʻikeʻike-maikaʻi e pili ana i nā mea hana i hoʻokumuʻia ma ISO 8062, ʻaʻole pinepine ka "ct8" e like me ke kumu no nā kaʻina wai-wai.
ʻO ka hoʻopauʻana o ka papa hana ma mua o Silica-Sol akāʻo ka silini ma mua o ka hoʻoleiʻana o ke one. MAKAINA WAU ka paakiki No nā mea wai wai-wai ma keʻano o Ra 6-12 μm (250-500 min).
Ua hōʻikeʻia kekahi mea i loaʻa i nā wai wai-wai i hōʻea i ka rana likeʻole = 12.5 μM i nā hoʻokolohua hoʻohālikelike. He ʻokoʻa, Hiki i nā'āpana Silica-Sol ke hoʻokō i ka Ra 3-6 μm.
ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ke aniani o ka wai wai ma muli o nā nui grain nui loa ma kaʻili a me keʻano o ka bodu nui-silicate.
Nā mea e pili ana i ka hoʻopauʻana i ka hopena e pili ana i nāʻike slurry, ʻO Stucco Grain ka nui, hāliu, a me keʻano kūpono.
ʻo kahi laʻana, Hiki i nā Finer Prime-coats a me nā papa hana nui e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maikaʻi.
Eia naʻe, Pono nā mea hoʻolālā e manaʻo i kahi papa mua: Pono pinepine nā hale hana maʻamau i ke aniani a iʻole maching e hōʻea i ka wikiwiki a puni ka ram 3-6 μm no nā wahi koʻikoʻi.
E hoʻokele pololei, ʻO ka hapa nui o nā hale kūʻai Ke nānāʻole neiʻo Dimensonal (Nā mea kāhea, Cmm, Nā Buke) Ma nā'āpana mua a me nā hiʻohiʻona hana.
Mai ka hanaʻana o ka wax a me nā kumulāʻau i hōʻike i kekahiʻanoʻano, E nānā ponoʻia ka papa hana a me ke koiʻana.
Nā coeffices of the thermal contraction no ka kila (e pili ana 1.6 MM / m · 1 100 ° C) hoʻohanaʻia e hoʻopili i nā hiʻohiʻona. Ke hōʻike nei ka palapala hōʻike i nā mea i hana i nā mea i hukiʻia a me nā mea kanu i kēlā me kēia.
Ka mana kūpono a me ka nānāʻana
ʻO ka mana kūpono i ka wai-wai-aniani i nā aniani i nā hoʻopaʻi'ē aʻe. Ua nānāʻia nā hana koʻikoʻi ma nā pae he nui:
- Mohai: Ma mua o ka nininiʻana, Ua nānāʻia nā'āpana no nā pale, Nā pahū, a iʻole e hoʻopiliʻoleʻia.
Ke ana pinepine pinepine nā mea kūʻai aku i ka mānoanoa a me nā gougsissic a me ka hōʻoia a hōʻoia i kēlā me kēia papa. ʻO kekahi mau hōʻai'ē a iʻole nā mea hele paha e hiki ai i nā mea kūʻai aku.
ʻO nā coacairs o ka slurry maloʻo e nānāʻia no nā ph a me nā solids; Hiki i nāʻano likeʻole ke hana i nā'āpana palupalu. Ua nānāʻia nā overe overns no ka hoʻoiliʻana i ka wela. - Nā loiloi dimensional: Ma hope o Shakeout a hoʻopau i ka machining, Ua kohoʻiaʻo Saretors i nā dimensions hoʻolālā.
ʻO nā'āpana mua-ʻatikala maʻamau i lalo o CMM e nānā i ka hōʻoiaʻana i nā dimensions koʻikoʻi i loko o ka papa kuhikuhi (e.g. Iso ct8).
Hoʻohanaʻia nā poloka Gauge Gauge a iʻole nā Gaug Guiges. No ka meaʻo ka lāʻau lāʻau a me ka shunkge wax e hoʻohui i nā hewa liʻiliʻi, He mea maʻamau ke hoʻoponopono i nā'āpana o ka Master Modensions inā he holo holo. - Hōʻike Hōʻike Kūkā: Hiki paha i nā wai wai-nā wai wai e hōʻeha e like me ka poosity space, Nā Hoʻohui, a iʻole nā hemahema.
ʻO nāʻano hana maʻamau e pili ana i ka x-ray / radiography (Eʻike i nā cavities kūloko a iʻole nā manaʻo), fluorsescent bluortant (No nā papa a me nā paristy), a me ka ho'āʻoʻana o ka mīkini magnetic (No nā'āpana ferry).
Kahi i kūpono ai, ʻO ka ho'āʻoʻana i ka ho'āʻoʻana a iʻole ke kaheʻana o nā hoʻokolohua. Kaʻike metallirgical (Macro etch, micrograples) hiki ke hoʻohanaʻia i ka wā o ka hoʻomohalaʻana.
Pono nā hoʻokolohua āpau e kuhikuhi i nā kūlana (e.g. Astm e165 no ka Penetant, Astm E446 No Radiography) E wehewehe i kaʻaeʻana. - Hoʻopau i nā palapala hōʻike: Mālamaʻia ka traceability Stright i nā pahu wai-wai. Nā moʻolelo e komo ai i nā hoʻokūkū mika slurry, Nā papaʻaina, a me nā manawa umu.
Nui nā loaʻa e hoʻohana ai i nā loiloi loiloi (ʻO nā lāʻau laka no nā mea e hoʻoulu ai nā dewax, ʻO nā lāʻau haʻahaʻa no nā lumi maloʻo, a me nā mea hana uila hoʻohana).
No nā'āpana kiʻekiʻe (e.g. Na'Āpanaʻo Aerospace), ʻO kahi code wela piha a me ke kemika / kino kino me ka'āpana.
Iso 9001 a iʻole nā hui nadcap paha e pili ana i ka palapala ma nāʻoihana koʻikoʻi.
'Ulina, ʻO ka prilosophy ka mea e hoʻoponopono ai i kēlā me kēia ala i kēlā me kēia hikiʻole ke kiʻiʻia i keʻano o ke kumu kūʻai (e.g. he slurryʻoleʻole a iʻole he haunaele maloʻo).
Nā noʻonoʻo waiwai
ʻO ka wai-wai-wai i nalowale-wax e kūʻaiʻia no kumukūʻai-kūpono i nā noi kūpono. Hoʻokomoʻia nā kumu waiwai nui, hana, manawa manawa, a he hua:
- Mea waiwai: ʻO Sodium Sillite Binderate a me Quartz Sandexpelent i hoʻohālikelikeʻia i ka Silica Silica a me Zircon.
ʻo kahi laʻana, Hiki i nā sticate silika silitate e kūʻai aku i nā keneta liʻiliʻi ma kēlā me kēia kilogram, Ma hea nā mea kūʻai Silica Cilica Binders e uku hou i kahi kauoha o ka nui.
ʻO nā Salts a iʻole nā Accelerator i hoʻohanaʻia he liʻiliʻi. Nā Kūlana Wax (e like me 3d-printed) hoʻohui i ke kumukūʻai, Akā kiʻekiʻe ke kiʻekiʻe.
Aia kekahi mau wahi pale pale (uwihi) Akā hiki pinepine iā ia ke kiʻi houʻia e like me ke one. 'Ulina, ʻO nā kumukūʻai he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa loa. - Hana a me ka hanaʻana i ka manawa: Ke kūkulu nei i kahiʻili wai-wai, Ke koi nei i nā dips he nui a me ka maloʻoʻana.
Mau manawa o 24-72 hola mai ka lāʻau wax e ninini i mea maʻamau (ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki ma mua o ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe-cilica-sol hiki ke hiki i nā momona lōʻihi).
ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o ka papa dewex (ʻO Immertion vs wehe i ke ahi ahi), Akāʻo kēia ka maʻamau maʻamau. Pono ka hana no ke kumu hoʻohālike, Nā Hana Hoʻohui / SUCCCO, ame hai.
ʻOiaiʻaʻole kēia, ʻO nā kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a hoʻemi pinepine i ka machicening pinepine i ka hana kiʻekiʻe.
I kahi kumu hoʻohālike, Hiki ke hoʻokūkū ka wai wai i ka wā eʻoi aku ai ka mahele o nā'āpana hapa ma mua o nā haneli haneli i kēlā me kēia makahiki, nui no nā'āpana kaumaha a paʻakikī paha e lilo i mea kūʻai nui loa i ke one a make paha. - OLELO: Hiki ke holo mau nā laina wai hoʻokahi, Akāʻo kēlā me kēia kūkulu (KālekaʻO kaʻAno, Dewax, Ke ahi, E ninini, kulaʻi) nā lima wale nō nā'āpana ma kēlā lāʻau.
ʻO ka hōʻiliʻiliʻana; liʻiliʻi he mau haneli o nā kilograms o nā hale kūʻai o nā mea kūʻai aku ma kēlā me kēia batch paha. Akā naʻe,, ʻO nā automation no ka injected a me ka'ā'īʻana.
ʻO ka hana palena palena pinepineʻia e dewaxed a me ka puhiʻana, hiki ke lilo i batch overns me nā mea i weheweheʻia. Hoʻonohonoho ponoʻia (E hoʻopaʻa i nā lāʻau) hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hoʻohanaʻana. - Huaʻai a me ka scrap: No ka mea, pololei ke kaʻina hana, Hiki i ka haʻahaʻa nā kumukūʻai scrap inā hoʻokomoʻia. Akā naʻe,, ʻO kekahi mau'āpana huluhulu a iʻole nā mea hao ma waena o nā hualoaʻa i ka nalowale i ka pauʻana o kēlā kauʻana.
Nele ma muli o nā hemahema (e.g. post-dewax cracking) ua ho'ēmiʻia e ka mana paʻa.
Ua hoʻohālikelikeʻia i ke kauʻana o ke one, Uaʻoi aku ka nui o ka wai-wai iʻoi aku kaʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o nā'āpana i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe.
Hoʻohālikelikeʻia i Silica Sol, ʻO ka hopena he like a iʻole haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (Hiki i nā mea silica-Sol ke kala hou aku i nā pilikia dewax).
He mea paʻakikī Nā hoʻohālikelike kumukūʻai hiki paha i ke hōʻike i kēlā wai aniani wai 50-70% cheaper kēlā me kēia'āpana ma mua o Silica-Sol e lawe ana i nā'āpana Steel adium-feul,
Ma muli o ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me nā kumu kūʻai, albeit me ka nalowale o ka liloʻana o ka maikaʻi.
ʻOi aku kaʻoi aku ma mua o ka nui o ke kaheʻana o ka sand, Akā no ka mea e pono ai nā'āpana hope loa, 'ōlelo ʻO ka uku o ka huina-'āpana hiki ke hoʻokūkū.
I ka pōkole, Hāʻawi ka wai i ka wai-wai i nāʻoihana e hoʻololi i nā kumukūʻai mai nā hola o nā mīkini e hoʻokō ai i ka manawa,
ʻO nā mea maʻamau e pono ai no nā'āpana e paʻakikī a paʻakikī paha ka nui o ka mea i hoʻoponoponoʻia.
Nā noiʻenehana
ʻO ka wai inu wai wai-wai e loaʻa ana i kona mau niche i loko ʻO nā hana kaumaha a me nā mea paʻakikī a paʻakikī ma waena o kekahi mauʻoihana. Hoʻohuiʻia nā noi noi:
- Nā mīkini a me nā lako hana kaumaha: Nā'āpana no ka mining, pono & aila, a hoʻohana pinepine nā mīkini hoʻolālā i ka wai aniani wai.
ʻo kahi laʻana, Kauluhi, Nā Hale Hōʻikeʻike, Nā Vilves, a me nā mea hanaʻole i kēia mau'āpana i loaʻa mai i ka ikaika o ke kila a me keʻano o ka geometric a me keʻano o ka geometric.
ʻO ke aniani wai e nānā ana i keʻano o ka pila o ke kila kila kila - Nā'āpana mahiʻai: Nā'āpana e like me nā mea pāʻani tractor, nā mea hao plow, a me nā mea hana waiwai nui i hanaʻia i kēia ala.
ʻO ka hiki ke hoʻouna i ka hao o Ductile a iʻole nā mea kila haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (e.g. Nā'āpana Tiller, Nā papa hana kāleka) me nā proite intricate he pono ke kālā. - Aitompetitive: ʻOiaiʻaʻole maʻamau no nā'āpana kaʻa i hanaʻia, Hoʻohanaʻia ka wai aniani wai i ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a iʻole nā'āpana kaʻa kaʻa (e.g. nā'āpana liʻiliʻi o nā pahu hoʻokele, ʻO nā limaʻoki kaumaha, nā'āpana brake no nā kaʻa kūikawā).
ʻO kāna mauʻaoʻao he nui o ke kauʻana i ka sand i ka nuiʻana i nā'āpana kūpono, ʻAʻole naʻe e mālama i ke kumukūʻai no ka holoʻana o ka holoʻana. - Nā hōʻailona o nāʻoihana a me nā pumps: ʻO nā hao hao a me nā kumu kūʻai, Nā kino kino, A hele pinepine nā flaes mai ka nui o ka wai.
Pono kēia mau'āpana i nā ala kūloko o loko a me kahi hopena maikaʻi maikaʻi (E pale i ka leakage) -ʻO ka wai-wai-ke aniani i nā hualoaʻa e hoʻomākaukau ai nā hualoaʻa i mākaukau no ka machining me kaʻole o nā kumu. - Kūkuluʻia a me nā hale kūʻai pūnaewele: I kekahi manawa, hoʻonaninani a iʻole nā mea hao / steel mau mea (E like me nā flanges, Nā Palaki'ā, a iʻole ke kākoʻoʻana) e laweʻia ana ma o ka wai-wai.
Hiki i ke kaʻina ke hopu i nā kiko'ī Art Artistics maikaʻi aʻo ke hoʻohanaʻana i ke one pono, Ke kūpono nei i kūpono no nā hale kūʻai kūikawā (e.g. ʻO nā mea kūʻai aku bronze i nā mea i hoʻopaʻaʻia). - Nā'āpana a me nā'āpana maritime: E like me ka mea i haʻiʻia e nā kumuʻoihana, Nā'āpana no nā Trailers, Maunalimalima, a hoʻohanaʻo Marine Rigs i kēia ala no ka loaʻaʻana o nā mea i loko o nā wahi harsh.
'Ulina, Ua kohoʻia ka wai aniani-wai i nāʻoihana e koi ai ʻO nā mea pāʻani fustrous fustrous me ka kiko'ī maʻalahi ma ke kumukūʻai kūpono.
E hoʻokūkū ana me ke kauʻana o ka sand i ka wā e koiʻia ai ka pololei a iʻole nā mea kiko'ī, A e hoʻokūkū ana ia me ka Sillica-Sol Incusment e hoʻolei ana i ka nui o ka nui a iʻole ka nui o nā mea i hala.
Hoʻohālikelike hoʻohālikelike
Ua hoʻohālikelikeʻia i nā hana kūʻai'ē aʻe, ʻO ka wai hana wai wai-wai i noho i ka'āina waena:
Wai wai Silica-Sol Kākoʻo Kūʻai Kūʻai:
Silica-Sol (chloidal-Sillica Binder me Zircon flour) hana i ka kiko'ī maikaʻi loa, ʻO ka hoʻopau maikaʻi loa (RA e like me ka haʻahaʻa e like me 3-6 μm), a me nā meaʻala (Iso ct4-ct6).
Akā naʻe,, ʻo ia ʻoi aku ka nui: ʻO Silluca Sol Solutions a me ZirCON Sands e uku nui loa, a me ke kaʻina hana e pono ai i nā burnout a me nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe.
ʻO ka wai aniani-aniani, Ma ka hoʻohālikelike, Ua hoʻopau kahi pale (~ Ra 6-12 μm) a me nā mea holo lio (Ct6-ct9), akā e hoʻohana i nā mea hou a me kahi dewax maʻalahi.
ʻO ka wai aniani o ka wai eʻoi aku ka ikaika i ka hanaʻana ma mua o ka nininiʻana (Ua ikaika loa lākou ma hope o ka hoʻomaloʻoʻana) a hiki i ke kiki, ʻO nā mea pono e ninini i nā mea kaumaha.
I ka hōʻuluʻuluʻana, Ua kohoʻiaʻo Silica-Sol no ka kiʻekiʻe-pololei, Nā'āpana liʻiliʻi; Ua kohoʻia ka wai-wai no ka nui, ʻO nā'āpana paʻakikī e hiki ai ke kaumahaʻia ka hopena.
ʻO ka wai inu wai wai wai vsa Sand Kauhi:
Sand cread ('ōmaʻomaʻo'ōmaʻomaʻo a iʻole ke aniani) ʻo ia ka uku haʻahaʻa, ʻO ka hapa nui o nā mold-e hana ana no nā'āpana nui.
Akā naʻe,, Ua loaʻa nā papa nui o Sand Canding (Ra > 25 }m, pinepine 50-100 μM) a wehe i nā mea kanu (Iso ct11 a i ole ino).
Hāʻawi i ka wai aniani-wai e hāʻawi i kahi kūpono a me ka pololei (E like me kaʻike ma luna) I ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe.
Inā makemake kahi'āpana o ka Sand-Cand-Chore (e like me ka ulanaʻana i nā moni), Hiki paha iā ia ke hoʻohana i ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā aniani wai.
Eia pū pū kekahi, kekahi mau mea paʻakikī (nā pāʻili, Nā leo kūloko) paʻakikī a paʻakikī paha i loko o ke one me kaʻole o nā kālā; Hoʻokumu maʻalahi ka wai wai wai i kēlā mauʻano.
ʻO ka kālepa-ʻo ka mea kūʻai akuʻo Sand i ke kīwīʻana i nā kīwaha maikaʻi loa no ka nui o ka nui (make molds a iʻole nā molds hiki ke hoʻohana i nā manawa he nui),
kahi i kaupalenaʻia nā aniani-wai 150 kg per mold a koi aku i nāʻano he nui.
ʻO ka ikaika ikaika a me keʻano:
ʻO nā'āpana wai wai i hoʻohuiʻia i nā papa inoa o nā silica, ʻO ka mea liʻiliʻi e emi iki ma mua o ka zircon a iʻole nā'āpana alumina i hoʻohana pinepineʻia ma Silica-Sol Shells.
ʻO kēia ke kumu o nā'āpana wai-wai i loaʻa i kahi mahana lawelawe haʻahaʻa loa a hiki i nā mea hou me ke kino-shell hou-shell reaction i nā pou wela loa.
I ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa, ʻOiai, nāʻanoʻelua e hana i nā meaʻala e maʻalahi ai ka steel / hao i ka wela wela.
I nā'ōlelo o ka ikaika, ʻO nā silica-silica a me nā wai-wai-wai, Akā hiki i Silica-Sol ke hiki ke mālama i ka integrity integrity ma nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe.
E hoʻohana i nā hihia maikaʻi loa:
ʻO ka hōʻuluʻuluʻana i nā hoʻohana maikaʻi loa, He kūpono keʻano o ka wai-wai ʻO ka medium i nā'āpana huaʻai nui / hao i kahi e koʻikoʻi ai ka kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe,
e like me nā mea hou, Gear Blanks, NA Nā peni aku, a me nā mea hoʻohālikelike kahi e mālama ai nā hiʻohiʻona.
ʻO Silica-Sol ka maikaʻi loa no nā'āpana liʻiliʻi-a-medium kiʻekiʻe (Na'Āpanaʻo Aerospace, Kōhai, NA KEKI ANA, nā'āpana liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi).
Ka leleʻana o ka green-sad-s? nā kaumaha koʻikoʻi a iʻole nā helu nui loa i kahi e pono ai nā mea kiko'ī (e.g. nā hoolohe nui, Nā poloka mīkini, ʻO nā mea kīwī i loko o ka nui).
ʻO ka papaʻaina ma lalo nei i nā manawa hoʻohālikelike:
- Ka paakiki (mea maʻamau): Slica-Sol ~ 3-6 μm; wai-aniani ~ 6-12 μm; 'ōmaʻomaʻo >25 }m.
- Timmansional: Silica-Sol Iso CT4-ct6; wai-aniani ~ ct6-ct9; green one ct11-ct12 (wehe loa).
- Kumukūʻai kumukūʻai: Haʻahaʻa no ke one, ʻO ka maʻalahi no ka wai-wai, kiʻekiʻe no Silca-Sol. He mea maʻalahi loaʻo Sodium Silde Binder, Ma kahi o ka bilica Silica Silica Silica.
- 'Āke ikaika: Maikaʻi no Silica-Sol i High T, moderate no ke aniani wai. Zirccon / Almina Shells (Silica-Sol) iʻoi aku ka wikiwiki.
- Ka hana nui: Ua kūpono ka aniani wai i nā helu liʻiliʻi-a-medibit (ʻO nā kaukani i nā tausani hoʻokahi), nui loa i ka wā e kaumaha ai nā'āpana. Ua hoʻopiʻiʻo Silica-Sol i ka holo liʻiliʻi / pololei; i ke one i piha nui nui.
'Ulina, ʻO ka wai aniani wai-ke aniani o ke aniani i kahi gap: Hāʻawi ia ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a hoʻopau i mua o ke kauʻana o ke one, aka, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ma mua o silica-Sol.
I ka wā e koi ai nā koiʻana i nā koi a me nā kālā, ʻO ia ka pinepine o kaʻenehana kūpono loa.
Hopena
Nā wai wai (silika sodium) ʻO ka mea kūʻai akuʻo Canding kumukūʻai-maikaʻi ʻO ka paleʻana Hoʻoholoʻia ke kaʻina hana no FREE, Nā'āpana paʻakikī.
Ma ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā mea paʻaʻole a me nā hoʻopakele, E hiki iā ia ke hana i nā mea hana e hoʻokō ai i nā kila-net-like i nā wahi hao a me nā'āpana hao me nā mea kanu kūpono (Iso ct7-ct9) a pau (Ra ≈6-12 μm) I kahi hapa o ke kumukūʻai o Silica-Sol Caping.
ʻO nā ikaika o ke kaʻina hana he waiwai waiwai, ikaika ikaika, a hiki i ka hiki ke hana i nā geomex paʻakikī me ka hāʻuleʻole.
ʻO kāna mau palena nui he nui a me nāʻano kiʻekiʻe a me keʻano kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, ka mea e pale aku ai i ka mea e medium-pololei, nā noi kaumaha.
Nānā i mua, ʻO ka wai wai-wai e pili ana i nā mea e pili ana i nā noi e like me nā mīkini, ʻO nā subsureat subssasmblibe,
nā mea hana a me nā mea hana kūkulu, a me nā'āpana e pōmaikaʻi ai mai kahi kiko'ī maikaʻi o ka kiko'ī a me ke kumukūʻai.
ʻO ka hoʻomaikaʻiʻana (e like me nā hana hoʻohālikelike i kohoʻia a me ka uhiʻana o ka st she) e koi paha i kona pololei i ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe.
Eia nō naʻe, Pono nā meaʻenehana e hoʻokūkū pono i nā'āpana e hana ai: E hoʻohana i nā aniani wai i ka wā ʻO ke kila / hao hao a me ka waiwai koi pono i nā koi,
Silica-Sol Kee ʻO nā kiko'ī Ultra-maikaʻi a iʻole nā alloys kūikawā pono, a me ke one i ka wa ʻO ka nui a iʻole ka nui overru a.
'Ulina, ʻO ka wai inu wai-wai, ʻO kaʻike maikaʻiʻana.
ʻO kāna hoʻohana mauʻana ke hoʻohanaʻia e ka noi Global no ka Robust, ʻO nā'āpana metala i hoʻohālikelikeʻia ma nā'āpana haʻahaʻa a me nā kumukūʻai hoʻokūkū.
ʻO ka noi kūpono o kāna chemistry a me ke kaʻina hana e hana ai - a me ka nānāʻana i ka nānāʻana - nā hopena e kūlike, ʻO nā hale kiaʻi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe no ka nui o nā pono o kaʻoihana.
ʻO kēia ʻO ke koho kūpono kūpono no kāu hana hana e pono ai inā makemakeʻoe i ka maikaʻi kiʻekiʻe ʻO ka wai inu wai wai wai Nā lawelawe.
