Hōʻikeʻike
Nalowale-wax Kāhaka kūʻai kūʻai ʻo ia kekahi o nā kaʻina hana o ka honua kahiko o ka honua, me nā kumuwaiwai e kau ana i hope ~ 5000 mau makahiki.
Ma kēiaʻano, ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona wax (pinepine nā beeswax i nā wā kahiko) ua kauʻia i nā papa o nā mea hoʻoponopono maikaʻi loa; Ma hope o ka holoiʻana o ka wax ("Nalowale"), Ua hoʻopihaʻo Molten i nā mea kōkua i ka hopena o ka cemic.
ʻO ka kūʻaiʻana aku i nā mea kūʻai aku i ka hoʻopukapukaʻana i kēia manawa ma kēia moʻomeheu, me ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā waxes holomua, resticties a me nā hāʻawi e hoʻokō ai Mea Hoʻolālā Nui Aʻo nā mea paʻakikī paʻakikī.
ʻO kahi hana koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻomohalaʻana o cilical-silica (Silica S Slica Sol) nohāohalua No ka pue cemic.
Cilica Silica, ʻO kahi aqueous nanoscale sihi₂, hana i nā mea paʻa mau-mau kūlana kiʻekiʻe e hana ikaika ai, ʻO nā'āpana kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe.
Mai ka 1980s, Ua liloʻo Silica Sol i lilo i mea koho o ke koho i ke kohoʻana, ke hoʻololi nei i nā'ōnaehana spemmable etyl.
Hiki i nā mea Silica-Sol ke hiki ke hōʻoleʻia e ka Flash Flash Flash Burn Night Night Quenching, a me ka ~ 2000 ° C I ka wā o Burnout.
ʻO kēia mau waiwai Hoʻopau maikaʻi loa, nā mea paʻa paʻa, a me nā kiko'ī, e hana ana i ka silica-soping bit foring no nā'āpana kiʻekiʻe.
He aha ka mea silica silii waiwai
ʻO Silica-Sol Incomments Castment e kāwele ana i kahiʻano nalowale o ka nalowale i kahi e laweʻia ai ka pale o ka chemmic ma kahi Silica-Sol Bildi Slurry a me nā mea pale pale maikaʻi (pinepineʻo zircon flour a iʻole alumina).
I ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa, Ua hoʻopiliʻia nā hiʻohiʻona wax a hōʻuluʻuluʻia i loko o kahi lāʻau,"A laila ua hana pinepineʻia me ka cilica-silicad colloid a sticcoid a sticcoid me ka flacty flur e kūkulu i kahi mea hana chemic.
Ke hiki aku nei ka Shenus i ka mānoanoa i koiʻia, ua maloʻo ka hui a me ka dewaxed (pinepine i loko o kahi steam steam a iʻole ka umu), Ke waiho nei i kahi puʻu hollow.
A laila ua hōʻinoʻia ka melld i ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe (>1000 ° C), a ua nininiʻia nā mea molt i loko. Ma hope o ka holoiʻana, Ua wāwahiʻia kaʻili o ka ceramic e hōʻike i nā'āpana ākea.
ʻAʻole like me nā hana waiwai'ē aʻe, Silica So Binders E hoʻohana i nā Silimani wai-wai e pili ana i ka wai ma mua o nā alkanaline a iʻole nā mea paʻa.
Mālama kēia i nā lole pale maikaʻi loa (Nā'āpana nui ~ 10-20 μm) a me nā meaʻala maikaʻiʻole.
ʻO nā kaʻina Silica-Sol i kēia manawa keʻano o kaʻoihana hana no nā noi noi ʻO ka pololei o ka dimensional kiʻekiʻe Aʻo nā kahua hiʻohiʻona, mai nā turbine i koho i nā mea kūʻai aku.
Silica Sol Bilieristry & Mea waiwai
He silica silica maʻamau he ʻO nā Silica Silica hana (ʻO Sio₂ Nanoporles ma ka wai), pinepine ~ 30-40 wt.% mau pale.
ʻO nā mea Siltica he 10-50 nm i ka conimeter a lawe i nā uku (ph stabilized e Alkali).
Ua hoʻololi houʻia nā mea kūʻai aku me nā hoʻohui hoʻohui e hoʻonui ai i ka hana.
ʻo kahi laʻana, sodium hydroxide a sodium silmate paha e hoʻoponopono i ka ph no ka kūpaʻa, ʻOiai e hāʻawi ana i nā loli a iʻole alumini paha e hāʻawi i nā mea hoʻokele hou.
ʻO Polerdedictives (e like me pva, hope, a iʻole alelan gum) hiki ke hoʻokomoʻia (~ 0-3%) E hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ikaika maloʻo, Binder gel paʻakikī, a me ka'āpana.
ʻO kēia mau mea e kōkua ai i ka mālamaʻana i nā Silia Silita i hoʻokuʻuʻia, E hōʻoia i kahi hoʻonohonoho maʻamau, a pale aku i ka paleʻana i ka wā e maloʻo ai.
Nā manaʻo hōʻike hana o nā silica-Sol Binders e komo pū:
- ʻO ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe: Ma ka maloʻo / callining, Hoʻokumuʻo Colloideal Silica i kahi aniani sio₂ stiglit sigle stink e hoʻopili pono i nā bucractory. Hana kēia i nā lāʻau me nā ikaika kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe ('ōmaʻomaʻo a lele).
- Kūlohelohe: ʻO Amorpuro Silika Reica Regists Reformation i kāna hana nui (~ 1200 ° C) aʻo nā mea lawehala he nui i nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, ke kōkuaʻana i kaʻili mālama i ka wā i ka wā e kūʻai ana.
- Ka hoʻokukaikaʻia: Ua hoʻopaʻaʻia ka chemistry no laila e lilo i ka slurry i ke kaheʻana o ka wai i ka wā e ulu ana akā nā mea e hoʻopili ai i ka wā e maloʻo ai. Hoʻohui e like me nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o ka manawa o ka lā ma hope a iʻole ka hoʻololiʻana o ka selt.
- Hoʻomaʻemaʻe hoʻomaʻemaʻe: No ka mea, he wai ka wai, ʻAʻohe mea kūlohelohe. I ka wā dewaxing / Burnout, ʻAʻole i hoʻokuʻuʻia nā meaʻona (ʻAʻole e makemake i nā mea paʻa kino e pili ana i ka waiʻona.
E pili ana hui, ʻO nā mea kūʻai aku i hoʻohanaʻia no nā hiʻohiʻona (ʻO ka mea maʻamau nā mea paʻakikī o ka paraffin, micrrystalliselline wax, Nā Plasttics) ʻaʻole pono e loaʻa i nā hoʻohui hoʻohui e hōʻeha i kaʻili.
ʻAʻole hiki i nā mea hana wax e hōʻoia ai i ka hoʻokuʻuʻana i nā mea hoʻokele e hoʻokuʻuʻoleʻia me Silica Binging.
No nā hihia kūikawā (e.g. nā mea hou loa), E paleʻia paha nā Silica Silica, Akā no ka hapa nui a me nā huakaʻi, ʻAʻohe mea hoʻohālikelike.
ʻO nā hoʻohui hoʻohui:
Ma kahi o Silica Flour (mākba) I ka slurry, nā mea kōkua e like me ʻO Zircocumium Silita (Zircon) polu a Nā Alluna he mea maʻamau.
Zircon flour (Ka maʻamau 200-350 Mesh Zmeio₄) Hāʻawi i ka hana recortory maikaʻi loa a me nā pāʻani i ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka hale kūʻai Silica.
Kona hemahema, ʻO nā mea maikaʻi maikaʻi e kōkua i ka pākuʻi i kaʻili a lawe i ka wela, a kōkua lākou i ka slurry "maikaʻi" maikaʻi a me nā kiko'ī maikaʻiʻole.
Nā Alluna (tablar al₂o₃, ~ 50-325 Mesh) E hoʻohuiʻia paha i ka ikaika ikaika a me ka paleʻana i ke kaua.
ʻo kahi laʻana, ʻO ka alumina alumina he meaʻoleʻole, ʻO ka hoʻohui kiʻekiʻe-density e hoʻopili ai i ka nui a me nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.
ʻO kekahi mau hana e hoʻohana ai i nā siliki silicon carbide carbide e mālama i ka wela i ka neʻe. I ka huina, ʻO SILUICIE STIPURTRY e hanaʻia e hana i kahi paʻa, ʻO ka mea momona maikaʻi-Polosity e pili ana i nā koina o nā'āpana.
Ke holo nei ke kaʻina & Nā poʻoaʻenehana
1. ʻO ka hana kumu kūʻai:
Hoʻohanaʻia nā mea hao i nā kope o nā kope i loko o nā kope (a iʻole he 3d-pressud resin nā hiʻohiʻona hiki ke loaʻa).
Hiki i nā'āpana paʻakikī ke hoʻohana i nā'āpana he nui i hoʻopaʻaʻia. Mālamaʻia nā hiʻohiʻona a maʻemaʻe.
2. Kāhea & Goting:
Ua'ākoakoaʻia nā hiʻohiʻona Wax ma kahi lāʻau me nā'īpuka, Nā poʻe holo a me kahi kīʻaha e ninini ana. Hoʻolālāʻia ka papaʻaina Gating e hoʻolaha i nā kahe hao Uniform a hōʻemi i ka turbuglence.
Mau'āpana (pinepine <0.1-50 kg i kēlā me kēia) e hoʻolei i kēlā me kēia lāʻau.
3. Shell Cooker (Ke kīʻana a me Stucco):
Hoʻopiliʻia ka lāʻau wax i loko o ka silica-rep binder slurry a ua haoʻia ka papa holoʻokoʻa. A laila e lepo ("Stuccoed") me ka zircon a me / a iʻole silica palaoa (maʻamau 200-325 Mesh).
Hoʻopili ka slurry i nā kiko'ī o ka papa a me nā kahe palaoa i loko o ka pāpū. Ua hoʻonui houʻia kēia kaʻina hana: Ma hope o ka maloʻo, nā lole hou o nā binder a me nā resignies e noiʻia.
ʻO kahiʻano maʻamau he "maka maka" (Holtrafine Slurry + maikaʻi stucco) ukali e 4-8 "mau coats i hope" o ka nui o ka carin carin.
Uaʻaeʻia kēlā me kēlā me kēlā me kēia lole i ka gel a laila hoʻokaʻawale i ka lewa ma mua o ka dip aʻe. I kekahi mau hale kūʻai, ʻO Overns a iʻole nā keʻena haʻahaʻa e hoʻolōʻihi i ka maloʻoʻana ma waena o nā papa.
ʻO ka nui o nā papa e pili ana i ka nui, ninini i ka mea hao, a me nā mea e pono ai.
ʻO kahi mea i hoʻopauʻia ma kahi papa i hanaʻia i hanaʻia ma 10-20 μm grains (No kahi hopena maikaʻi loa) me ka mānoanoa holoʻokoʻa ma ke kauoha o 5-10 mm.
4. Haunaele:
Ma hope o ke kapa hope loa, Ua maloʻo loa ka pūpū (i kekahi manawa i ka pō ma ~ 60-120 ° C) E hōʻoia e laweʻia ka wai āpau.
He mea koʻikoʻi keʻano kūpono: Eʻae ia i ka Silica i Gel Uniforly a mālama i nā steam Steam i ka wā dewax. Mālama piha i nā pale maloʻo piha i nā kaumaha o ka thermal o ka hana dewax dewax.
5. Hoomoana:
E hoʻoiliʻia kaʻaha o ka'ōpio i kahi keʻena dewaxing. I nā kaʻina hana Silica-Sol, ʻO kēia kahi Steam Autoclave a iʻole ka wela wela (200-300 ° C).
ʻO ka wax he wai wai a me / a iʻole a iʻole a iʻole a laweʻia i waho o ka mū. No ka mea, ua hala ka cemic, aneane hiki koke mai ka wax āpau.
Ua makemakeʻiaʻo AutoClave Dewaxing no ka nui a iʻole nā lāʻau lāʻau, E like me ka loaʻaʻana o ka stepright steam e hiki ke loaʻa i ka wax mai nā'āpana hohonu a me nā'āpana liʻiliʻi.
(Nānā: ʻO kekahi mau kaʻina hana e hoʻohana ai i nā mea hoʻolimalima i ka wai e hoʻolapalapa ai ("Waiku dewax"), Akāʻaʻole i hoʻohana pinepineʻia me nā mea ikaika ricid silica).
6. Firing / preheat:
Me ka wana hele, ʻO nā'āpana i lalo o ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe e puhi ai i ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe e puhi ai i kahi pale ahi a me ka lawehala i ka silica.
Hanaʻia kēia i nā mea nui i ke kīwī a iʻole nā mea pili uila, ka piʻiʻana i ka ~ 800-1100 ° C ma luna o kekahi mau hola. ʻO ka prehet e hoʻoikaika i kaʻili a hoʻopau i nā koena o nā organic.
Hoʻopau maikaʻiʻia nā mea kūpono e wehe i nā mika a me ka carbonate, e waiho ana i kahi paakiki, chemic ceremic. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawaleʻia kēia hana iʻelua mau papa (e.g. 300 ° C WRD, A laila hope loa 1000 ° C).
7. E ninini ana:
Ma mua o ka nininiʻana, Ua laweʻia ka pūlima i ke kiʻekiʻe (pinepine 200-600 ° C) I loko o kahi unat preheat e hōʻoia ai i ka paʻaʻana o ka dimensional.
ʻO Metal Metal (Kukui Kekuhi, lawehala, etc.) ua mākaukau ma nā grucables a iʻole nā mea e ulu ai a iʻole i luna ma luna o kona wai.
No nā mea kōkua koʻikoʻi (Ki-kauʻia, Titanium), Ua hoʻohanaʻia a iʻole nā papa lole i hoʻohanaʻia a iʻole paha e hoʻomehana ai nā kaʻa kaʻa.
Ua nininiʻia ka mea hao i loko o ka wela wela (e ka gravity a iʻole kōkua kōkua) I kahi helu i hoʻopaʻaʻia.
Ua kōkua ka mea wela i ka hoʻoponopono ponoʻana i ka hoʻoponoponoʻana i loko, hoʻomaikaʻiʻana i ka pololei. ʻO nā spies / holoʻana ("Resters") hānai i ka mea e hele ana i ka wana.
ʻO nā mea maʻamau e ninini ana i nā mahana ma keʻano he 1450-1600 ° C no nā mea hele a iʻole 1500-1700 ° C no NI-Alloys. I loko o ka ninini, E hoʻokokoke kokoke ana i kaʻili e hiki ai i nā wahi kīwī i puhiʻia a iʻole ka uila e holo ai.
8. Haunaele a me ka lulu:
Ma hope o ka pihaʻana o ka mold, ʻaeʻia ka metala e hoʻoponopono a hōʻoluʻolu (pinepine ma luna o nā minuke o nā minuke i nā hola, Ke hilinaʻi nei i ka nui).
ʻO nā mea kūʻai aku i nā mea kūʻai aku ma mua o nā'āpana liʻiliʻi. Kū hoʻokahi, Ua lukuʻia ka mokuahi chemic (ala i waho a iʻole).
Ua pana pinepineʻia nā lāʻau nui, aʻo nā hale kūʻai i hoʻokaʻawaleʻia mai nā'īpuka e hoʻohana ana i kaʻikeʻana, chisels a iʻole nā moa. Uaʻokiʻia nā kiʻi o nā puka i hoʻopiliʻia e pili ana i ka kokoke i ka mea e hiki ai.
9. ʻO ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me ka hoʻopauʻana:
E hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻia nā'āpana i nā'āpana a nānāʻia. ʻO keʻano a iʻole ka hanaʻana i nā mea e haʻalele ai i nā puka puka e waiho ana i nā stubs a me kekahi papa.
ʻO ka machinsional hope loa, hanaʻia a iʻole ka hanaʻana e hanaʻia e like me ka mea e pono ai. Inā pono, ʻO nā mea mālama wela (e.g. Hoʻoholo i Airnaal, mau makahiki-harden) ua noiʻia ma kēia papa e hoʻomohala i nā waiwai mechaninical.
I ka kahe, e makaʻala Ke kaʻina hanaʻana mea pono. ʻo kahi laʻana, slurry viscosity, ʻO Stucco Feed, ʻO nā pihi maloʻo, a ke nānāʻia nei nā palapala hoʻolālā e mālama pono i ka hana.
ʻO ka hoʻolālāʻana a me nā papa kuhikuhi e kohoʻia (pinepine ma ka simulation) E pale i ka poosity a hōʻoia i ka hoʻopiha pihaʻana.
ʻO ka hopena kahi kaʻina hana kūʻai aku i hiki ke hoʻololi i nā hiʻohiʻona wax solix i loko o nā'āpana keleawe kiʻekiʻe-integrity.
Nā hopena metallirgic & Nā Pīkuhi Propertinies
ʻO ka pahu o ka mokuahi o ka silicic o kahi silica-soping i hōʻikeʻia i hōʻikeʻia Nā Gradal Gradients I ka wā hoʻoponopono.
ʻO ka pili me ka mea wela wela i ka wela wela, No laila e kokoke ana ka mea hao i nā pā mod e holoi mua a hana i kahi maikaʻi maikaʻi, ka uluʻana i ke kolamu e ulu ana i loko.
Hiki i kēia hoʻoponopono hoʻonohonoho ke hiki i ka hāʻawi ponoʻana i nā hana kanu lāʻau (e.g. nā'āpana kaulike a me nā kihi kolamu) i kēlā ikaika hoʻoikaika.
Laulaha, Loaʻa i nā mea hoʻopukapuka waiwai i nā microstructurs, ʻOiai e pili ana i nā kiko'ī e pili ana i ka pae a me ka hōʻoluʻolu.
ʻO nā mea maʻamau maʻamau nāʻano maʻamau, akā, hiki pinepine i ka hoʻopukapuka kālā Nā ikaika ikaika ma ke kauoha o kekahi mau haneli a ma luna o hoʻokahi tausani mpa.
ʻo kahi laʻana, hoʻolei i nā mea kanu lāʻau (E like me AISI 316l / cf8m) E hōʻike i nā ikaika o nā ikaikaʻo Tensele ~ 500-700 MPA me 20-40% elongation, ʻOiai e hiki i nā kikipio o nā mea kilokilo a iʻole nā kilokilo a iʻole ni-superaliys keʻoi aku ma mua o 900-1200 mpa ma hope o ka mālama wela.
ʻO ka paʻakikī e like me ka hahaiʻana iā Alloy Norms (e.g. ~ HRC 15-30 no nā kinikini).
ʻO ka cholinon slat aluminum a iʻole nā copper alloys yoly doiver duncle hana (e.g. Nā Hale Hana Pūnaewele ~ 300 Mpa Uts) Me ka hana momona maikaʻi inā he manaʻia nā nui.
ʻO kahi mea nui o ka Silica-Sol e lawe ana i kona hopena ma huakai. No ka mea, ua hoʻopiʻiʻia nā meaʻala ma ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a me ka dewaxed ma ka puhiʻana, komo o ka wai (a me ka hopena) ua hōʻemiʻia.
Ke kaʻina hana e like me keʻano o ka holoiʻana, Nā kānana FAMIC FAM, a me nā mea e hoʻopili pono ai e hōʻemi hou i nā mea i loaʻa a me nā pres.
I ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa, Hōʻike pinepineʻia nā'āpana waiwai i nā'āpana (<0.5%) I ka wā e mālama pono ai.
Nā hōʻike hōʻikeʻoleʻole (Ndt) e like me ka mea e like me x-ray a iʻole ka nānāʻana o ka ultrasonic i hanaʻia e hōʻoia i ke kani kūloko. Inā loaʻa kahiʻano a iʻole ka prosaity, ʻO ka maʻamau maʻamau i nā wahi i halaʻole ma mua o nā'āpana liʻiliʻi.
ʻO nā inclusions clarphere e pono ai keʻano o nā silica silica-Sol shels, ʻAʻole e like me nā kaʻina wai-wai.
'Ulina, ʻO nā'āpana i kapaʻia ma Sillica-Sol Incomments ʻO ka hana mechanication ma ka par me nā kala a iʻole ka hanaʻana i ka hana likeʻole o ka alloy, ʻOiai inā mālamaʻia ka wela.
Tersele, hua, a hui pinepine nā waiwai kūpono i nā kūlana kūpono no kēlā me kēia alloy. (ʻo kahi laʻana, Kālā-lawena-mālama 17-4 Hiki iā Ph Steel ke hōʻea i ka 1300-1500 MPA Thilenile ma hope o kaʻehaʻana, hoa like me ka hana.)
I ka hōʻuluʻuluʻana, ʻO keʻano o ka mana maikaʻi a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻana i nā kūlana o Silica Sol e lawe ana i nā'āpana e hāʻawi ana i nā'āpana, kūlike a me ka paʻakikī.
Dimensional pololei & Kahiki Pāʻani Waiwai
Ua kaulanaʻo Silca-Sol i ka paleʻana paʻa nā mea paʻa a me nā hana maikaʻi. Maʻamau e like me-lawe Lield hopuna aia i ka iso 8062 Ct5-ct6 rain.
ʻo kahi laʻana, hoʻokahi mau moʻolelo i loaʻa i nā'āpana nui (a hiki i ~ 300 mm) e mālamaʻia i ± 0.1 mm (Ct5).
He kumu kūlikeʻole i hōʻoiaʻia e holo ana nā wai wai-wai ma CT7-CT8, Ma hea nā Silica-Sol Silica-Sol SiliKe kūpono loa i ka CT5-CT6.
I nā hua'ōlelo kūpono, ʻO kēia keʻano o ka hapa nui o nā dimensical koʻikoʻi ma luna o kahi'āpana Silica-Sol ke hilinaʻi i loko o kahi hapaʻumi i loko o kahi hapaʻumi o kahi millimeter me ka makona.
He nui nāʻoihana e'ōlelo ana i nāʻae mach <0.2 MM no nā'āpana waiwai, a ma ka hana nui, Cp / cpk iniha o >1.33 ua hoʻomaka pinepineʻia ma nā'āpana nui.
Ka paakiki maikaʻi loa. E like me ka Rand Ra RA maʻamau ma ke kauoha o 3-6 μm (125-250 Michiinch), ʻO nā mea hoʻokūkū kahi i hoʻopauʻia.
Hōʻike i nā hale kūʻai iʻikeʻia 60-200 μinch (1.5-5.1 μM) I ka hapa nui. Me nā hui st scocco maikaʻi loa (a lalo i 325 Mesh zigcon) a lohi, E like me ka leʻaleʻa e like me 0.4-1.6 μm e hiki ke hoʻokō.
E hoʻopau pinepineʻia kēiaʻano o ke aniani kokoke (a hōʻemi nui paha) ka pono no ka post-shoping machining a polish.
Nā lālā hoʻolālā hoʻolālā Geometric ua hoʻomahaʻia e ka, lina, Sand cread. ʻO nā paia o nā paila cemamic a me nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa eʻae i nā'āpana liʻiliʻi a me nā kihi koʻikoʻi.
ʻO ka palena palena palena haʻahaʻa ma ke kauoha o ka 1-3 mm no ka nui o nā metals (i lalo i ~ 0.5 mm i nā hihia kūikawā).
ʻO ka liʻiliʻi o nā kihi liki o nā'āpana o ~ 1 mm a iʻole ka makemake houʻia, ʻOiaiʻo ka mea hana liʻiliʻi i ka radii (ʻO nā kihi nui) hiki ke hoʻoleiʻia ma mua o ka wā e wāwahi ai kaʻili i waho o kēlā mau hiʻohiʻona.
Hoʻolālā i nā kulekele hoʻonohonoho Nā Moku Nui a me nā radii kahi e hiki ai ke hōʻemi i nā mea hoʻokele koʻikoʻi a me nā kōkua kōkua.
ʻAʻole like me nā puʻu one, ʻAʻole pono nā kihi o nā kihi; i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, Eʻae pinepine nā lula o nā kūlana ʻole a iʻole kokoke i kahi papa inoa ma kahi o nā maka, mai ka wa e pau ai ka wax e hoʻokuʻu i ka make.
(I ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa, Ua hoʻohanaʻia kahi papa liʻiliʻi o 0.5-1 ° i hoʻohanaʻia ma nā'āpana paʻakikī no ka maʻalahi, Akāʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o nāʻano'ē aʻe.)
I ka hōʻuluʻuluʻana, Hiki i nā meaʻenehana ke manaʻo i nā'āpana waiwai e puka mai kokoke i kahi kokoke, me nā hana kūpono i loko o ka 0.02-0.1 MM Rount, a me ka pāpū e hoʻopauʻia e like me ka mea haʻahaʻa e like me RA 2-6 μM me ka makona.
ʻO nā meaʻae hope loa (e.g. IT7-IT9 ma ISO ISO) ua hoʻokō pinepineʻia ma nā hiʻohiʻona.
Honua mālamalama & KUREENTREANKINING
Hōʻoia i ka maikaʻi ma ka hoʻopukapuka kālā e pili ana i nā mea nānā he nui ma nāʻano he nui a me ka mea kūʻai hope loa.
Ma mua o ka nininiʻana, Hiki ke nānāʻia nā mea koʻikoʻi i nā microscoplically a iʻole nā mea hoʻonani ultrasonic eʻike i nāʻano kūloko kūloko a iʻole nā pale.
I ka wā hana, Ua wehe pinepineʻia nā'āpana sample e hōʻoia i ka hōʻoiaʻana i ka lole.
Ma hope o ka hoʻoleiʻana, Ke nānāʻole neiʻo Dimensonal (ʻO ka maʻamau maʻamau e CMM a iʻole) E hōʻoia i nā mea hoʻopiʻi koʻikoʻi e hālāwai ai.
ʻo kahi laʻana, Hoʻohana pinepineʻia nā kumuwaiwai i nā mīkini kuhikuhi (Cmms) e hopu i ka geometry pololei a hoʻohālikelike i nā hiʻohiʻona cad. ʻO nā papa hana iʻikeʻia no nā hemahema.
Nā mea hana he nui e wehewehe i nā mea hana cp / cpk e hana i nā palapala hiki; hoʻokō i kahi cp o ≥1.33 (me cpk ≥1.0) he papa inoa maʻamau e hōʻoia i ka pololei kūpono.
No nā hemahema kūloko, KUREENTREANKINING (Ndt) mea pono, ʻO ka palekana- a iʻole nā'āpana koʻikoʻi.
Hoʻohanaʻia ka wai wai a iʻole nā hōʻike hōʻike magnetic-paractive.
Kālā'ōnaehana radio (X-ray) a iʻole nā nānāʻana i nā mea nānā i nā mea nānā no ka subsurface consurface, Potiwale, a iʻole nā manaʻo.
Ma ka mana hana, Nā Kūlana Kūʻai (Astm a iʻole nā kūlana kūʻai) hoʻokaʻawale i ka nui o ka posity kiʻekiʻe a iʻole ka nui o ke komoʻana.
Ma keʻano he hoʻohālike, Improce maʻamau maʻamau e hoʻohana i ka ultrasound a me x-ray e hōʻoia i nā hemahema o loko (e.g. Nāʻuala) aia ma lalo o nā palena iʻikeʻia.
Ua nānāʻia nā mea hoʻonaninani a me nā hana wela i ka paralal.
ʻO ka loiloi Chemical (spark-oes a wds paha) E hōʻoia i nā mea āpau, ʻOiai paʻakikī a paʻakikī a me nā hōʻike tensile ma nā hiʻohiʻona e hōʻoia i nā waiwai mechanical.
No nā'āpana Aerospace, pana, DENA PEVERETRAT, a me nā mea hoʻonaninani nā mea hoʻonaninani.
I ka pōkole, ʻO nā mea kūʻai aku i nā mea kūʻai aku ma lalo o nā papa inoaʻo QA / QC: Nā Kūlana Kūlana Kū'ē, ʻO ka hōʻoia piha piha piha (Cmm, Nā mea kāhea), E hoʻopau i nā hale noho, a ndt (mana, hydrostatic, Ultrasinatic, X-ray).
E hōʻoia kēia i nā mea kūpono loa no nā mea kūʻai kiʻekiʻe no nā hale hana ākea - paʻa paʻa a kūpono i nā mea komoʻole me nā paleʻole o loko.
Ka hoʻokele waiwai & Nā Kūlana Kūʻai
ʻO ka mea kūʻai akuʻo Canding hana hana a me ka manawa hana Ke kaʻina hana, e hōʻikeʻia ana i kona kumu.
ʻO nā mea kūʻai mua e pili ana i nā mea hana (make wax), nā palehaʻana (wax, slurry, ʻO SUCCO a me ka pā), ikaika (Burnout a e ninini), A Hana (ʻO ka hale hana / hoʻomaloʻo).
Hōʻike pinepineʻia kahi wahi hoʻomaha paʻakikī (rolus metthit) ma ~ 60-70% o ke kumukūʻai holoʻokoʻa, ka ikaika / overhead ~ 15-25%, a hana i ke koena.
Nā Kūlana a me nā uku uku:
ʻO ka Sillica-Sol i kahi mea nui loa ia he kumu nui loa. ʻO ka Silica Silica a me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻeʻo Zircon Flour ma mua o ka nui o ke one a iʻole ka wai-wai.
Hoʻokahi kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi i nā kumukūʻai Mod Mods Move $6.8/kg no nā silica-zircon shells, Hoʻohālikelike iā ~ $ 2.5.
Hoʻohui e like me nā alumina maikaʻi a iʻole nā mea hoʻolaha a iʻole nā mea hoʻolaha kūikawā e hoʻohui hou i ke kumukūʻai. Akā naʻe,, Ke kūʻai nei kēia mau uku i ka pololei a me nā mea silica silica-silika.
Hana a me ka manawa:
Ke kūkuluʻana a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻana i kahi mea hana. Hiki i kēlā me kēlā me kēia DIP / stucco ke lawe i nā minuke 15-30 mau minuke o nā lima lima.
Hiki i ka hale hana piha e hiki ke lawe i nā lole 4-8 a mau nō nā lā o ka maloʻo maloʻo. Hoʻokahi mea kūʻai aku i nā moʻolelo kumu kumu e lawe pinepine ai 7 Nā lā mai ka wala wax e hoʻopau i ka'āpana.
ʻO kēlā me kēia papa o ka moina e hoʻohui i nā hola 1-2 o ka hana (hohola ana i ka slurry, kāpīpī i ka stucco, A ke nānāʻana). Nā lole hou aʻe (No nā mea liʻiliʻi a iʻole nā mea hou) ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hana a me kahi pōkole lōʻihi.
Aia kahi kālepa: Hoʻohui i nā coats'ē aʻe i hoʻonui i ka pohō (ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi) akā, ho'āla hou i ke kumukūʻai ma kēlā me kēia'āpana a me nā manawa nui.
Ka waiwai o ke kala:
ʻOiaiʻo ke kumukūʻai paʻa o ka hanaʻana i ka hana wax hiki ke kiʻekiʻe (pinepine $ 5k- $ 50k e pili ana i ka paʻakikī), ʻO nā kumukūʻai no Per-Unit e hāʻule me ka nui.
No nā holo nui (mau haneli mau'āpana), Hiki i ke kūʻai aku ke kūʻai aku. Akā naʻe,, No nā holo liʻiliʻi (<25 Nā'āpana), ʻO ke kumukūʻai kumukūʻai e hoʻopaʻaʻia e nā mea hana.
E hele pinepine ka hoʻoholo i lalo o "ka waiwai o keʻano o ka kokoke a me ka hoʻopauʻana i ke kumukūʻai kūʻai?"- I nāʻoihana nui kiʻekiʻe e hana ai.
Nā kumukūʻai hoʻohālikelike:
Ua hoʻohālikelikeʻia i ka wai aniani-wai, ʻO nā kumukūʻai Silica-Sol iʻoi aku ka nui o nā waiwai a me nā mea lohi.
ʻo kahi laʻana, Hōʻike kekahi hōʻike i nā Silica-Sol Silica-Sol Cirsts ʻelua aʻekolu paha ke kumukūʻai o nā wai aniani-wai (nā mea hana a me nā hana hana).
Akā naʻe,, I ka wā e noʻonoʻoʻia ai nā mea kanu a me ka hoʻopauʻana i nā mālamaʻana, Hiki i ke kumukūʻai o ke kaʻina hana ke hōʻoia no nā'āpana koʻikoʻi.
O nā mea'ē aʻe:
Hiki i ke kaiāulu a me ka hoʻoponopono ke hoʻohui i nā kumukūʻai kūʻokoʻa; ʻO Silica Sol Usesʻaʻohe mea pilikia, ka hōʻemiʻana i ka uku o nā uku mālamaʻole (ʻAʻole i loaʻa nā'ōnaehana pilikino).
Ma kaʻaoʻao flip, ʻO ka manawa alakaʻi lōʻihi (a me ke poʻo i hoʻopaʻaʻia ma Wip) ʻO ke kumukūʻai Silicaʻo ia he kumukūʻai palupalu e noʻonoʻo ai.
I ka hōʻuluʻuluʻana, Nā Kūlana Kūʻai i ka silica-rep e hoʻopili ana i nā binder binder / resigries a me nā hana nui.
Pono nā mea hoʻolālā papahana e hoʻoponopono i ka helu helu (Kūʻai / manawa) e kū'ē i ka hāʻawi (Nā hemahema), a me nā kumu waiwai e kū'ē i ka waiwai o ka loaʻa.
No ke aha e hoʻohana ai iā Silica Sol?
Ke noi nei ka noi i ka helu kiʻekiʻe loa, ʻO SIRE SIRIca-Sol Loaʻa i ka mālamaʻana i nā makana i nā mea ponoʻole:
- ʻO ka hoʻopau maikaʻi: ʻO ka Refctory Ultra-maikaʻi ma nā Silica Silica e hana hou i nā kiko'ī.
E puka mai nā'āpana Nā papahele ma mua o nā kaʻina hana kūʻai'ē aʻe. ʻO keʻano maʻamau e like me keʻano o keʻano ma ke kauoha o 3-6 μm ra, nā mea e lawa ai me kaʻole o ka machining.
Ma ka hopena, Hiki ke hōʻemiʻia a iʻole i ka manikaʻana ma keʻano, ka mālamaʻana i ka manawa a mālama pono i ka hana net. - Nā mea paʻa paʻa: ʻO Silica-Sols ka paʻakikī a paʻakikī loa i ka uluʻana a me ke kūpaʻa. ʻO kēia ka mea e hiki ai kokoke-like-ʻano hana me kaʻaeʻana i ka mīkini machival.
Nā mea hiki (Ct5-6) he mea nui ma ka palena no ka mea e like me ke metala. Pono nā mea kūʻai aku mai ka hoʻemiʻana i ka scrap a me nā mea hou aʻe. - Paʻakikī a me nā kiko'ī: Hiki ke hoʻomaopopoʻo Silica-Sol ke hoʻomaopopo loa intricate geometries. Nā pāʻili (<1 mm), Hiki i nā lua liʻiliʻi / mau cores a me nā kihi he nui e hiki ke hoʻokōʻia.
Nā hiʻohiʻona e like me nā leka, nā logo a iʻole ka leʻaleʻaʻana i nā fining fining fins i loko o ke kala hope loa e like me kā lākou i loko o ka wana.
Ua aneaneʻole nā mea hoʻolālā i ka papa hana a hoʻopaʻa i nā palena i nā hana kūʻai aku i nā hana. - ʻO nā alloys kiʻekiʻe: Mai ka silica-zirccon shells me ka pale ~ 2000 ° C, ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a iʻole nā mea kanu paha e hiki ke hoʻoleiʻia.
Ka hikiʻana i ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe-kiʻekiʻe e pale aku i kaʻeha a iʻole ka nānāʻana i ka wā o nā pou kiʻekiʻe.
Hana kēia iā Silica Sol indispensable no Aerospace Ni, ʻO nā mea hoʻokūkū kiʻekiʻe-Chomium a me nā mea hana'ē aʻe i hoʻohanaʻia ma nā wahi nui loa. - Palekana a me ka nohona: Ka wai e pili ana i ka wai a me ka nonflammable, PULIAM BIDER CNDERS Poss ʻAʻohe voc a iʻole nā mea hōʻeha. ʻAʻohe mea i loaʻa i nā meaʻona i loko o ka kūkuluʻana a iʻole dewaxing.
ʻAʻole wale kēia wale no ka palekana no nā limahana akāʻo nā mea hana a me nā mea hoʻokele maʻamau.
Ua hoʻohālikelikeʻia i ka sticate (waiʻona wai) a iʻole silika silitate (Ke Alanui Alleʻali), ʻO ka Silica Silica. ʻO nā pūpū aquaous e hana pū ana i ka pauʻole (wai a me Silica Sludge). - Ke kūlike a me ka hilinaʻi: ʻO nā kiʻi Silical Silica Silications he batch-kūlike a hoʻomau inā mālama ponoʻia.
Nā'okakū (ikaika, Ka manawa papa, permeibility) hiki ke hoʻopaʻa paʻaʻia e ka mea hana.
ʻO kēia wānana e hoʻonui i ka manawa mua-manawa i ka wā e hoʻolei ana, Hiki i ka mea ke nānā i ke kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i nā noi kūpono.
I keʻano, Ua kohoʻiaʻo Silica Sol Casting I kēlā me kēia manawa a "ukuʻiaʻo Premium" maikaʻi: ʻO nā papa'āina maikaʻi loa, Nā hiʻohiʻona kūpono, a me ke alohaʻoleʻole i nā hemahema subsurface.
ʻO ia ka mea maʻamau no nā'āpana koʻikoʻi i Aerospace, Ka mana mana a me nā kahua lapaʻau.
ʻO ka uku haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa pinepineʻia e ka hoʻopauʻana i ke kauʻana ma lalo o ke aniani a me ka hāʻawiʻana i nā'āpana e hoʻokō i nā kiko'ī ma waho o ka pā.
Noi & Nā hoʻokolokoloʻana
ʻO Silica-Sol Kākoʻo Hoʻolālā Kūʻai Kūʻai e hoʻohana ma waena o nāʻoihana no nā'āpana ma kahi o nā wahi kahi hana a me ka pololei he paramika:
- AerERPPACE: ʻAkaʻaka, Nā'āpana o Turbine, ʻO nā Vanes a me nā pale'āina i hoʻopaʻaʻia e pili ana i ka hoʻopiliʻana i ka Silica Sol.
Loaʻa i kēia mau'āpana nā mea paʻakikī e hoʻolōʻihi i nā hana a me nā koi kaulike.
ʻo kahi laʻana, ʻO Turbine Vanes me ka hoʻokūkūʻana i nāʻano mokulele a me nā channels i loko o nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni.
ʻO ka hiki ke hana i nā mea i kālaiʻia, ʻO nā'āpana like-kiʻekiʻe me nā kiko'īʻo Aerofil e hōʻike nei he mea nui maʻaneʻi.
ʻO nā'āpana FREE-Specrical e like me ka missile a iʻole nā mea i hoʻohanaʻia i nā mea e hoʻohana ai i nā mea kūʻai aku. - Olakino Nā polokalamu: Nā mea kūʻai aku (Hip Stems, Nā kuʻekuʻe kuli) aʻo nā mea hana e hoʻokuʻuʻia e Silica Sol Silica Sol for no ka mea ikaika loa (316L, Kālela, No) hiki ke hoʻohanaʻia a me nā'āpana e pono ai.
Pono nā mea kōkua olakino; ʻO ka mea kūʻai aku e hoʻopili ana me ka Silika e hoʻokō i kēlā.
Nā mea hana monlithic surgical gegical a hoʻokomo i nā screws iwi a iʻole nā clamp i hanaʻia e kēiaʻano. ʻO kāna mau hana e hōʻoia i nā mea i koiʻia e pono ai nā mea e pono ai. - Nā Pumpsʻoihana, Nā Vilves & Turbotropressar: Nā Aupuni Kīkuhi (hanakai, urowing, Pīpī, nā kino valve) pōmaikaʻi mai Silica-Sol Cinging.
Pono kēia mau mea maʻamau i nā corrosion-resistant a iʻole nā mea kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, a loaʻa nā geometries interx.
ʻo kahi laʻana, Ua hoʻoleiʻia nā mea nui o nā mea hana nui o nā mea hana nui ma keʻanoʻole a iʻole duplex ma kēia kaʻina e hiki ai i kēia kaʻina <<1 mm mānoanoa a me ka nani o ka hydraulic.
Nā'āpana turbomachinery turbomachinery (E like me nā mea hana nozzle ma nā turbines) ua like like. - Aitompetitive & Ikaika: ʻOiai he nui nā'āpana kaʻa e make ai a iʻole ka hoʻoleiʻana, ʻO ka hana kiʻekiʻe a iʻole nā noi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (e.g. Ke kaʻaʻana o nā turbochargers, nā holohaʻana, pākuʻi nā mea kūʻai) E hoʻohana i ka hoʻopukapuka waiwai.
ʻO Turbine a me nā huila i nā huila no nā turbonchers turbochagers (hana pinepineʻiaʻo ni a iʻole tillys) e hoʻoleiʻia i loko o nā silica.
Hoʻohana pūʻiaʻo Silica-Sol i hoʻohanaʻia no nā vale a me nā kūpono i ka aila&ʻO nā mea kanu a me nā mea kanu-mana i kahi e kau ai i nā mea waiwai ma keʻano a me ka hoʻopauʻana he koʻikoʻi. - Artistic a me Architectural: ʻOiai pinepine pinepine, Hiki i nā mea Sculptutural a me nā mea iʻoi aku ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā mea kūʻai Silica-Sol.
Bronze a iʻole nā scultures sculuptues me ka kiko'ī ultra-maikaʻi i hanaʻia e nā haku couting wax ma luna o Silii Sol Slurry.
Ka manuahi (nā ukana e hoʻonaninani ai, nā mea hoʻohi'āluaʻaoʻao, Nā hoʻonohonoho kiʻi) hiki ke hanaʻia me ke kaʻina, ʻO ka hāʻawiʻana i nā mea kūʻai aku e hōʻole i ka hana liʻiliʻi e pono ai.
(ʻO kēlā mau mea noi e hoʻohana ana i ka pauʻana o kaʻaoʻao a me ka kiko'ī-reteil-retetal) - Noiʻi / hihia noiʻi: ʻO kahi noiʻi hoʻokahi he rolls-royce, ka mea e hana ai i nā silii silica silica silii 2d-paʻiʻia no nā pale turbine eʻoki i ka manawa e alakaʻi ai i ka manawa alakaʻi.
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona'ē aʻe kahi hui maʻi lapaʻau e hoʻoneʻeʻia mai ka makeʻana i ka make silica-Sol.
I kēlā me kēia hihia, ʻO ka hoʻoholo hoʻoholoʻana ma luna o Silica-Sol ke hiki ke hana i ka paʻakikī, nā'āpana kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe me ka hanaʻole.
ʻO kēia mau hiʻohiʻona hōʻike i kēlā wahi a pau Kahi hilahila, paʻa paʻa, a me nā mea waiwai kūlike, ʻO Silika-Sol Calica-Sol ka hopena o ka hopena o ke koho.
Hoʻohālikelike hoʻohālikelike
- Silica Sol vs. KA BAMAGHAITE KEKLA: Ua hoʻohana nuiʻiaʻo Phosphate-Gidgents i nā mea kūʻai aku i ka paleʻana i ka laweʻana i nā alloys non-ferrous, ʻaʻole i loko o nā hale kiaʻi.
(Ua hoʻonohonoho lākou ma kahi hopena Chemika o nā phoppates, ʻaʻole pili i nā'āpana kila nui.) No ka mālamaʻana i kaʻoihana, ʻO ka lulaʻana o nā pūlima.
Pela no, ʻAʻole i hoʻohālikelikeʻiaʻo Silica So Silica i ka phosphate i ka hapa nui. - Silica Sol vs. Wai-aniani (Silika sodium): E like me, ʻO ka wai aniani-aniani (alkaline wai wai aniani) e hana i nā papa papaʻaina a koi aku i ka DIENCH BUSHT.
Silica Slover, Ma ka hoʻohālikelike, dewaxes i loko o ka umu ("Figh Pahu") a me nā mea nui e hoʻopau ai.
ʻO nā'āpana wai-wai eʻoi aku ka wikiwiki a wikiwiki hoʻi e kūkulu, No laila lākou e komo nui ai, nā'āpana koʻikoʻi.
He rula o ka manamana: E hoʻohana i Silica Sol no ka mea kiko'ī maikaʻi loa; E hoʻohana i nā aniani wai i ka wā eʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ke kumukūʻai a me ka geometry.
(ʻo kahi laʻana, Hiki ke lawa ka wai-wai no nā kino pume nui i kahi e pono ai ka pololei, Ma kahi o ka'āpana like i loko o kahi palapala i kohoʻia e koiʻia i ka silica silica Sol.) - Silica Sol vs. 3D-PREDSED INTEDMENT MOOLDS: ʻAeʻia nā holomua hou 3D paʻi o nā paila wax a iʻole he mau cemic piha.
3Nā hiʻohiʻona D-PRCHED (resin or wax-like polymers) Hoʻopau i nā pono no ka hele wāwae, ʻO kaʻokiʻokiʻana i ka manawa alakaʻi a me ke kumukūʻai i ka prototyping.
ʻo kahi laʻana, Ke paʻi nei i kahiʻano o ka turbine e hiki ke lawe i kahi lā ma kahi o 8 hebedoma ka mana.
Nā mea i paʻiʻia a iʻole nā corramic cemic a iʻole nā mea e ae i nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi loa (0.2 Nā Pard MM, nā channels kūloko) a me ct4 tolerances.
Akā naʻe,, 3D nā mea paʻi kiʻi a me nā mea kūʻai aku, No laila no ka hana nuiʻana i ka hana maʻamau wax + shell kaʻina hana pinepine i nā kumukūʻai.
Ke kū nei nā hoʻolālā Hybrid: E hoʻohana i nā uku helu 3D-PRORTED a iʻole nā hiʻohiʻona me ka Silica-Sol shell. - Nā hoʻoholo hoʻoholo:I ka wa e koho ai i ka Silica Sol: hoʻohana ia i kēlā me kēia manawa hoʻolālā paʻakikī, ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona a iʻole ka waiwai a iʻole nā waiwai waiwai he paramount.
He kūpono no Silica Sol no ka liʻiliʻi o nā'āpana liʻiliʻi ('ōlelo 0,01-100 kg) Me nā kiko'ī kiko'ī (Nā Paukū Kuhi, nā lua hohonu) a ma kahi o nā mea e noho aiʻo CT5-CT6 a maikaʻi paha.
I ka manawa e koho ai i nā koho koho: Inā pono ke kūpono i ka pololei, ʻO nā aniani wai a iʻole nāʻano hana'ē aʻe paha e cheaper.
No ka nui, ʻO nā hale kūʻai maʻalahi, one a i ka mold-mold (KuhihewaʻAʻohe--Bake) Eʻoi aku paha kaʻoihana.
A no ka wikiwiki a iʻole ka hoʻopiʻiʻana a iʻole nā kaula paʻakikī, 3Hiki i nā paʻi d ke kiʻi i nā silica silica-Sol.
Lākahi, ʻO nā kaulike koho Kūpono. ʻO ke kumukūʻai / alakaʻi: silica-sops casting siting on the ret repsized hope loa o ka spectrum.
Hopena
Silica-Sol nalowale-wax casting a kahua hana I ka hana houʻana i nā manawa houʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokaʻawaleʻia keʻano o ka maikaʻi.
Ma ka hoʻohuiʻana i nā loina millennia-kahiko me nā meaʻokiʻoki (NaNopatticle Silica Sili, 3D wax paʻi paʻi, etc.), Ua hoʻoleiʻia nā mea i nā'āpana o nā mea kiʻekiʻe loa.
Hāʻawiʻo Silluca-Sol Shells i ka hoʻokele maikaʻi loa ma luna o ka pauʻana a me ka geometry i kekahi kaʻina hana kūʻai, ka hanaʻana i nā hana hou o nā alloys o nā alloys mai nā mea kilokilo e pili ana i nā mea kilokilo i nā mea kanu a me ka titanium.
Nānā i mua, Ke lilo nei ke kaʻina hana. Simulation kamepiula (ʻO ka hoʻopihaʻana a me nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻoponopono) ua hoʻohana maʻamau i ka hanaʻana i ka hoʻolālā puka a me ka mānoanoa.
Nā robotics a me nā mīkini hou e hoʻihoʻi hou ana i nā mīkini e piʻi i luna. Ua holomua ndt (3D ct scanning, ʻO ka Metrology OPTITAL) e hōʻoia hou ana i ka nānāʻana i ke kūpaʻa.
ʻO ka hoʻomaikaʻiʻana i nā kaiāulu (mea hoʻopihapiha, ʻO ka scrubbing) ua hoʻohui pūʻia.
I ka huina, Ua hoʻonohoʻiaʻo Silica-Sol Incond Agements e uku i ka hoʻolālā Digital a me ka hanaʻana i nā mea hoʻomaʻamaʻa aʻo ka hoʻomauʻana: ʻO ka'ōlelo pololeiʻole.
No nā mīkini a me nā mea hana, ʻO Silica-Sol Ke hele neiʻo Silica kahi makua kāneʻo ia ka mea e ho'āʻo nei e hana i kaʻenehana e hoʻomau e wehewehe i ka mea e hiki ai i ka hana hoʻopiʻi.
ʻO kēia ʻO ke koho kūpono kūpono no kāu hana hana e pono ai inā makemakeʻoe i ka maikaʻi kiʻekiʻe Silca Sowass Insteme Hoʻohanohano Nā lawelawe.
