1. Hōʻikeʻike
Kākoʻo ʻia nā huila pale ʻino i nā ʻōnaehana koʻikoʻi—mai nā kahua o waho a hiki i nā mea kanu hoʻoponopono kemika.
E like me nā mea lawelawe e ulu nui ai, ʻO ke koho ʻana i ka pae kuhili pono he mea nui ia.
I ke ʻano wae, Duplex 2205 (US S32205) a me super-austenitic 254 ʻO MĀKOU (US S31254) noho i nā kūlana alakaʻi ma kahi o ka chloride, hoʻoweliweli ka hoʻouka ʻana o ka waikawa a i ʻole ke kinoea ʻawaʻawa i ka pono o ka waiwai.
NOEHUI, hāʻawi kēia ʻatikala i kahi ʻoihana, ka hoʻohālikelike ʻikepili o ke kila kila S32205 vs S31254,
i kūkulu ʻia e alakaʻi i nā ʻenekinia a me nā mea kikoʻī ma o ke kemika, moloka, ʻO ka hana mechanication, Pūnaewele kūleʻa, huahuai, ʻO ka mālama wela, noi, a me nā kūlana kūpono.
2. Kinohi & Moloka
| Mua | S32205 (2205) | S31254 (254 ʻO MĀKOU) |
|---|---|---|
| Cr | 22.0–23.0 wt% | 20.0–22.0 wt% |
| I | 4.5–6.5 wt% | 17.0–19.0 wt% |
| Mo | 2.5–3.5 wt% | 6.0–7.0 wt% |
| N | 0.08–0.20 wt% | 0.24–0.32 wt% |
| Cu | 0.50 max | - |
| Mn | 2.00 max | 2.00 max |
| A | 1.00 max | 1.00 max |
| C | 0.03 max | 0.02 max |
Nui loa, Hōʻike ʻo S32205 i kahi maʻamau 50/50 ferrite–austenite duplex microstructure, e hāʻawi i ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ka paʻakikī maikaʻi.
He ʻokoʻa, Hoʻokumu ʻo S31254 i kahi matrix austenitic piha i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e kāna nickel kiʻekiʻe (≈18 wt%) a me nitrogen (a i 0.32 wt%).
Ma ka hopena, ʻO ka nui o ka palaoa ma S31254 ke ʻano like me ka wela, ʻoiai ʻo 2205 mau ʻāpana ʻelua e kūʻē i ka deformation kūloko.
Eia hou, ʻO ka molybdenum kiʻekiʻe o S31254 a me ka nitrogen e hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻopili ʻana a hoʻopaʻa i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka sigma-phase., hoʻonui i ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion lōʻihi.
3. Hoʻohālikelikeʻia nā mea hoʻohuiʻikei
| Waiwai | S32205 | S31254 |
|---|---|---|
| Ka ikaika (RP0.2) | ~ 450 mpa | ~300 MPa |
| Ikaika ikaika (Rm) | ~650 MPa | ~650 MPa |
| Ewangantion (A%) | ≥25 % | ≥40 % |
| Ka hōʻemiʻana o ka wahi (Z%) | ≥50 % | ≥60 % |
| Hopena paʻakikī (ʻO Charpy V) | ≥150 J @–40°C | ≥100 J @–20°C |
| Pale pale | A i 300 lawelawe °C | A i 350 lawelawe °C |
I ka lumi lumi, Hāʻawi ʻo S32205 i ka ikaika hoʻohua maikaʻi loa—ma kahi o 450 ʻO MPa me S31254 300 MPa—ma muli o kona paʻakikī paʻakikī duplex.
Eia nō naʻe, hiki i nā ʻāpana ʻelua i nā ikaika tensile like (~650 MPa). Kahi mea hou aʻe, S31254 kaena kiʻekiʻe ductility (40 % ewangantion) a me ka hoemi ana o kahi (60 %), he mea maʻalahi ke kaha kiʻi hohonu a me ka hana paʻakikī.
I ka hana ana ma na wela kiekie, Mālama ʻo S31254 i ke kūpaʻa kolo a hiki i 350 ° C, ʻoiai ʻo S32205 ka palena maʻamau i ka lawelawe a puni 300 ° C.
Hope loa, ʻO nā hoʻāʻo luhi i nā kaiapuni chloride e hōʻike ana i nā pihi S-N like, ʻoiai ʻo S31254 e hōʻike ana i kahi kihi liʻiliʻi i ka luhi o ka pōʻaiapuni kiʻekiʻe ma muli o kāna matrix austenitic homogeneous..
4. ʻO ke kūpaʻa ʻino o S32205 vs. S31254
| ʻAno ʻino | S32205 (Laau ≈ 35) | S31254 (Laau ≈ 49) |
|---|---|---|
| Pitting | Palena Chloride ~0.8 wt% NaCl | ~3.5 wt% NaCl |
| ʻĀpana | Loli | Kūpono |
| Klorida SCC | 50-60 ° C | 70-80 ° C |
| ʻAkaʻawaʻawa nui (Holak₄) | ~10 mm/makahiki @ 20 ° C | ~2 mm/makahiki @ 20 ° C |
| Nā ʻakika ʻokiʻoki (HNO₃) | Maikaʻi loa | Luna loa |
| Sulfide SCC (SSC) | Pilikia ma H₂S > 1 Bar | Ka liʻiliʻi a hiki i 5 pā H₂S |
No ka mea, PREN (Helu Kaulike Pitting Resistance = Cr + 3.3 Mo + 16 N) hoʻopili ʻia me ke kūpaʻa kūloko-corrosion, S31254 (Laau ≈ 49) ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o S32205 (Laau ≈ 35).
NOEHUI, S31254 ʻae i nā pae chloride a hiki i 3.5 wt% ma ka wela ambient me ka lua ʻole, heaha 2205 pāpale a puni 0.8 wt%.
Eia hou, S31254 pale aku i ka chloride stress-corrosion pohā (SCC) a i 80 ° C, ua hoʻohālikelikeʻia 60 °C no S32205.
Kahi mea hou aʻe, ʻakika hoʻohaʻahaʻa ikaika (E.g., 10 wt% H₂SO₄) ʻānai iā S32205 ma ~10 mm/makahiki, akā ʻo ~ 2 mm / makahiki wale nō ka hoʻouka ʻana iā S31254 ma lalo o nā kūlana like.
Hope loa, Hōʻike nā hoʻokolohua sour-gas i ka hana maikaʻi o S31254 ma ka lawelawe H₂S a hiki i 5 Bar, ʻoiai ʻo S32205 e hōʻike ana i ka maʻalahi o SSC ma luna 1 Bar.
5. Huahuai & Weldability o S32205 vs. S31254
| Kālā | S32205 | S31254 |
|---|---|---|
| ʻO ka hana anuanu | A i 30% hoemi mānoanoa | A i 50% |
| Min. Piʻo Radius | 3 × mānoanoa (kaohi duplex) | 2 × mānoanoa |
| Hookomo Wela Weld | 0.5–1.5 kJ/mm; pilikia o ka mahele sigma ina >2 | 1.0–2.5 kJ/mm; mālama ʻia ʻo austenite e kūʻē i ka haki ʻana |
| Hoʻopiʻi ma hope o ka weld | 1020 ° c × 30 min | 1100 ° c × 15 min |
| Markinpalibility | 40 - 50 % na 304 SS; ʻaʻahu haʻahaʻa | 30 - 40 % na 304 SS; ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka mea hana |
I ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa, ʻAʻole ʻo S31254 i ka hana anu ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī—a hiki i 50 % ka hoemi wahi—no kona austenitic ductility, ʻoiai ʻo S32205 ka hana-paʻa wikiwiki, ka hoemi ana i ka 30 %.
I ka wā e kulou ana, mālama nā ʻenekinia i kahi radius liʻiliʻi o 3 × mānoanoa no 2205 e pale i ka pohā ferrite; he ʻokoʻa, Hiki iā S31254 ke ʻae i nā piko paʻa 2 × mānoanoa.
Welding 2205 koi i nā hoʻokomo wela ma waena 0.5 a 1.5 kJ/mm e mālama i ke koena duplex; wela nui (>2 kj / mm) pilikia ka hana ʻana o ka sigma-phase.
I ke kumu, 254 ʻO ka ʻōnaehana austenitic piha o SMO e ʻae a hiki i 2.5 kJ/mm me ka pohā ʻole.
Ma hope o ka welding, 2205 pōmaikaʻi mai ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka hopena ma 1020 ° C no 30 MAKANAKAI, ʻoiai ke kāhea nei ʻo S31254 1100 ° C no 15 mau minuke e hoʻoheheʻe hou i nā nitrides.
Hope loa, ʻO nā ho'āʻo machinability ka helu S32205 ma 40-50% o 304 Ka helu hoʻoneʻe waiwai o SS, ʻoiai ʻo S31254 e holo mālie iki ana (30-40%) a hoʻokē ʻai i ka mea hana ma muli o kona kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻike Mo.
6. Hoʻohālikelike i nā ʻano hana wela
| Aoha ai | S32205 | S31254 |
|---|---|---|
| Hoʻoholo hōʻoluʻolu | 1020 °C × 15–30 min → kinai wai | 1100 °C × 10–20 min → ka wai a i ʻole ka ea |
| Kaumaha kaumaha | 600–650 °C × 1 huh | 650–700 °C × 1 huh |
| ʻEhā | E pale i luna 300 ° C (Σ-phase kahi hopena) | Kū i luna 400 ° C; ʻelemakule kaupalena |
No ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ke koena duplex maikaʻi loa ma S32205 ma hope o ka hana ʻana a i ʻole ke kuʻi ʻana, hana nā metallurgists i ka hoʻoheheʻe annealing ma 1020 °C no 15-30 mau minuke, ukali ʻia me kahi kinai wai.
He ʻokoʻa, Pono ʻo S31254 i kahi wela hoʻonā-anneal kiʻekiʻe o 1100 °C no 10-20 mau minuke, me ka wai a i ʻole ka ea e hoʻopaʻa i kona ʻano austenitic.
Ke hōʻoia ka hoʻomaha pilikia (E.g., ma hope o ka hana kaumaha), 2205 koi 600–650 °C no hoʻokahi hola, ʻoiai ʻo S31254 e ʻae i ka 650-700 °C me ka ʻole o nā loli ʻino.
Hope loa, Hōʻike nā haʻawina kahiko e hiki ke hana ʻo S32205 i ka pae sigma ʻino inā paʻa ma luna 300 °C no nā manawa lōʻihi, ʻoiai ke kūpaʻa nei ʻo S31254 a hiki i 400 ° C, e hoemi ana i ka pono no ka ha'aha'a ha'aha'a ke kaumaha-ho'omaha pō'ai.
7. Nā noi ʻoihana o S32205 vs. S31254
Petrochemimical & Nā hanana lole:
Hōʻike nā mea ʻenekinia i ka S32205 no nā ʻaʻahu a me nā ʻaoʻao o luna ke ʻike ʻia ka chloride haʻahaʻa a me ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe..
Akā naʻe,, ʻO nā paepae e kū ana i ka paʻakai paʻakai paʻakai nui e hilinaʻi ana i ka pitting kiʻekiʻe o S31254 a me ke kū'ē SCC..
Nā mea kanu lāʻau & Hoʻoponopono wai kai:
I nā membrane reverse-osmosis a me nā paipu, S31254's PREN (~49) pale i ka pili mau me ka wai kai (3.5 wt% NaCl), ʻoiai ʻo S32205 (Laau ~ 35) ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma nā pae wai hānai me ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi.
Mea Hana Hana Kemika:
ʻO nā mea hoʻololi wela e lawelawe ana i ka H₂SO₄ wela (10–20 wt%) ʻoluʻolu iā S31254 no kona haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (~2 mm / makahiki).
Like, Ua kūpono ʻo S32205 i nā lawelawe koʻikoʻi liʻiliʻi-e like me nā brine coolers-kahi i hoʻemi ai kona ikaika kiʻekiʻe i ka mānoanoa o ka pā..
Hana Ka Honua Maoli:
Ua hoʻololi hou ʻia kahi paepae o ke Kai ʻĀkau 2205 risers me 254 ʻO MĀKOU, hooponopono lua e oki ana 80%.
I ke kumu, ke hōʻike nei kahi mea kanu petrochemical i ʻelima mau makahiki o ka lawelawe pilikia ʻole ma 3 % HCl me duplex 2205 Kāhewa.
8. Nā Kūlana Kūlana
- ASTM A240/A240M: "Nā kiko'ī maʻamau no ka pā kila kila Chromium a me Chromium-Nickel, Pepa, a me ka wehe 'ana no na moku pa'i a no na hana ma'amau"
- ASTM A182/A182M: "Nā kiko'ī maʻamau no Forged or Rolled Alloy- a me na lihilihi paipu hao hao, Hana kūpono, a me nā ʻāpana a me nā ʻāpana no ka lawelawe wela wela”
- Nā Koho UNS: S32205 (Duplex 2205), S31254 (254 ʻO MĀKOU)
- Nace Mr0175 / Iso 15156: "Nā Mea no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kaiapuni H₂S i loko o ka hana ʻaila a me ke kinoea"
9. Nā helu helu like
Aia ma lalo kahi papa inoa o nā mea like honua maʻamau no UNS S32205 (Duplex 2205) a me UNS S31254 (254 ʻO MĀKOU), hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana ma waena o nā hui kūlana nui.
| Waiwai | Kā mākou | KO KAU | EN inoa | Afnir | Oia | Gost | Pākē |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Duplex 2205 | S32205 | 1.4462 (X2crMinnan22-5-3) | X2crMinnan22-5-3 | Z3CN22-05-03 | Sus329j4l | 07Х22Н5М3 | 0Cr22Ni5Mo3N |
| Super-austetitic 254 ʻO MĀKOU | S31254 | 1.4547 (X1nicrmuc2-20-5) | X1nicrmuc2-20-5 | Z2CNCD25-20 | SUS3107 | 08H25N20M6 | 0Cr25Ni20Mo3CuN |
Nā memo no nā mea like
- Koho DIN-ʻo kahi laʻana, "1.4462" no 2205—ke ʻike ʻia me ka hōʻailona kemika o ke kila (X2crMinnan22-5-3), kahi "22-5-3" e kuhikuhi ana i nā pae inoa Cr-Ni-Mo-N.
- Afnir (Palani) Hoʻohana nā māka i kahi Z-prefix: "Z3CN22-05-03" nā aniani 2205 22 % Cr, 5 % I, 3 % Mo.
- Oia (Kepanī) a Gost (Lukia) hōʻike ʻia nā ʻōnaehana helu aupuni; ʻO ka "L" i hoʻopili ʻia ma SUS329J4L e hōʻike ana i nā koi ikaika o ka hopena haʻahaʻa..
- Pākē nā māka—0Cr22Ni5Mo3N a me 0Cr25Ni20Mo3CuN—hoʻolikelike me nā haku mele UNS, e hoakaka ana i ke kalapona (0), Chromium, nickel, molybdenum a me ka naikokene.
10. Hoʻohālikelike piha o S32205 vs. S31254
No ka lawe ʻana i nā ʻokoʻa koʻikoʻi āpau i kahi hoʻomaha maikaʻi, ʻo ka papa ma lalo e hōʻuluʻulu i ka kemika, Hana, ka hana a me nā kumu kūʻai no UNS S32205 (Duplex 2205) a me UNS S31254 (254 ʻO MĀKOU).
| Loko | S32205 (Duplex 2205) | S31254 (254 ʻO MĀKOU) |
|---|---|---|
| Hana Hana | ~50 % ferrite / 50 % austentes | 100 % Austetetitic |
| Cr–Ni–Mo–N Chemistry | 22 % Cr, 5 % I, 3 % Mo, 0.14 % N | 20 % Cr, 18 % I, 6.5 % Mo, 0.28 % N |
| Wood | ≈ 35 | ≈ 49 |
| Ka ikaika | 450 Mpa | 300 Mpa |
| Ikaika ikaika | 650 Mpa | 650 Mpa |
| Ewangantion | 25 % | 40 % |
| Ka mea paʻakikī loa | ≥ 150 D @ –40°C | ≥ 100 J @ –20°C |
| paepae lua | ~ 0.8 % Nacl | ~ 3.5 % Nacl |
| Kū kū'ē | ≤ 60 ° C | ≤ 80 ° C |
| Ka palena o ka lawelawe ʻana | ≤ 300 ° C | ≤ 350 ° C |
| Ka palena anu-hana | 30 % hoemi mānoanoa | 50 % hoemi mānoanoa |
| Hookomo Wela Weld | 0.5–1.5 kJ/mm (pale aku > 2.0) | 1.0–2.5 kJ/mm |
| Hoʻoholo i Airnaal | 1 020 °C × 15–30 min → kinai wai | 1 100 °C × 10–20 min → ka wai a i ʻole ka ea |
| Kumukuai Index | 1.0 (kumu) | ~ 1.4 (≈ 40 % uku uku) |
Nā Kūleʻa Kil:
- Ikaika loa. Kuupuiawi: Hāʻawi ʻo S32205 i ka ikaika hua kiʻekiʻe (≈ 450 Mpa) a me ka paʻakikī maikaʻi loa, hana ia i mea kūpono no nā ʻāpana lawe ukana.
Akā naʻe,, kona pale ʻana i ka lua (Laau ≈ 35) palena chloride lawelawe i ~ 0.8 % Nacl. - Ke kū'ē neiʻo Corrosion Corrosiotion: Hoʻonui ʻo S31254 ʻo Mo a me N i ka PREN i ≈ 49, hoʻomanawanui i ka wai kai (3.5 % Nacl) a ke kū'ē nei iā SCC i 80 ° C, ʻoiai ma kahi a 40 % ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kumu kūʻai.
- 'Ānō hoʻi o ka lole: Kākoʻo ka S31254 austenitic piha i ka hana anu (50 % Kamona) a me nā puka makani wiliwili ākea (a i 2.5 kj / mm),
ʻoiai ke koi nei ka papa duplex i ka hoʻokomo wela ʻoi aku ka pololei no ka mālama ʻana i kona kaulike pae. - Kūlohelohe: Hiki iā ʻoe ke holo i ka S31254 ma nā wela haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe (a i 350 ° C) me ka pilikia ole o ka elemakule, ʻoiai ʻo S32205 e paʻa mau ana a hiki i kahi 300 ° C.
11. Nā hopena
Hāʻawi kēlā me kēia S32205 a me S31254 i nā pono ʻokoʻa. Ma ka hoomaopopo ana i ko lakou kemika, moloka, hana kino, Hanaʻia nā hana Corrosionion, nā nuances hana, a me nā puka makani mālama wela, hiki i nā ʻenekinia ke hoʻomaopopo, nā hoʻoholo mana.
ʻO kēia ʻO ke koho kūpono kūpono no kāu hana hana e pono ai inā makemakeʻoe i ka maikaʻi kiʻekiʻe kila kohu ʻole KAHOu.
FaqS
He aha nā mea nui e alakaʻi i ka koho ma waena o S32205 vs S31254?
I ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa, kaupaona nā ʻenekinia ikaika kū'ē i ka corrosion. Hāʻawi ʻo S32205 i ka ikaika hua kiʻekiʻe (~ 450 mpa) ma ke kumukuai haahaa,
ʻoiai hāʻawi ʻo S31254 i ke kūpaʻa pitting kiʻekiʻe (Laau ≈ 49) a me ka chloride-SCC kū'ē i 80 ° C.
Hiki iaʻu ke hana maʻalili S31254 ma mua o S32205?
ʻAe. Kākoʻo ke ʻano austenitic piha o S31254 a hiki i 50% hoemi mānoanoa, ʻoiai ʻo S32205 ka hana-paʻakikī ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki a maʻamau e kaupalena i ka hōʻemi anu i 30% e pale i ka pohā.
He aha nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa wili e pili ana i kēia mau māka?
No S32205, mālama i ka hoʻokomo wela ma waena 0.5–1.5 kJ/mm a hana i ka solution annealing ma 1 020 °C e hoʻihoʻi i ke koena duplex.
He ʻokoʻa, S31254 ʻae 1.0–2.5 kJ/mm a kahea aku i a 1 100 °C solution-anneal e hoʻoheheʻe hou i nā nitrides.
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana ʻana o ka alloy i nā kaiapuni sour-gas?
Ma ka lawelawe H₂S, Kūʻē ʻo S31254 i ke koʻikoʻi sulfide a hiki i kahi 5 Bar, ʻoiai ʻo S32205 e hōʻike ana i ka maʻalahi o SSC ma luna 1 Bar.
No laila, 254 Lilo pinepine ʻo SMO i kahi koho i makemake ʻia no nā noi kinoea.
