7075 T6 aluminum plate China factory

7075 Алюміній

7075 Aluminum is one of the world’s most widely used and highly regarded aluminum alloys.

Known for its exceptional strength-to-weight ratio and excellent mechanical properties, алюміній 7075 is a favorite in the aerospace and sports equipment industries.

In this comprehensive guide, we will delve into everything you need to know about 7075 алюміній, from its composition and properties to its applications and fabrication techniques.

1. What is 7075 Алюміній?

7075 aluminum is part of the 7xxx series, characterized by zinc as the primary alloying element.

It is a heat-treatable alloy, designed to deliver high strength and toughness, making it suitable for applications that demand durability and precision.

While its primary use is in the aerospace industry, its versatility has allowed it to gain popularity in other high-performance sectors as well.

What is 7075 Алюміній

2. 7075 Aluminum Properties

Chemical Properties

The chemical composition of 7075 aluminum includes a combination of elements that provide strength, твердість, і корозійна стійкість.

Element Typical Percentage (%) Role
Алюміній (Al) Balance Base element, providing lightweight and formability.
Zinc (Zn) 5.1–6.1 Primary strengthening element, enhances hardness and tensile strength.
Magnesium (Mg) 2.1–2.9 Improves corrosion resistance and increases strength.
Мідь (Куточок) 1.2–2.0 Increases hardness and machinability but reduces corrosion resistance.
Chromium (Cr) 0.18–0.28 Improves resistance to stress-corrosion cracking.
Кремнію (І) Max 0.4 Controls grain structure, minor strengthening effect.
Iron (Fe) Max 0.5 Impurities with minor effects on strength.

The precise balance of these elements creates a high-performance alloy suited for demanding applications.

Physical Properties

The physical attributes of aluminum 7075 contribute to its widespread use in the aerospace and automotive industries.

Property Value Опис
Щільність 2.81 g/cm³ Lightweight compared to steel, making it ideal for weight-sensitive applications.
Точка плавлення 477–635 °C Allows for high-temperature applications and easy fabrication.
Теплопровідність 130 W/m·K Moderate, suitable for heat-dissipating parts.
Електропровідність 36% IACS Decent electrical conductor for structural materials.
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion 23.6 µm/m·°C Maintains dimensional stability under varying temperatures.

These properties make aluminum 7075 a reliable material for parts that require a combination of lightweight, rigidity, and heat management.

3. Common Temper Grades of 7075 Алюміній

Each temper grade of 7075 aluminum provides a unique balance of mechanical properties. Here’s a detailed breakdown:

7075-O (Annealed)

  • Обробка: annealed condition
    No heat treatment is applied. The alloy is fully annealed to maximize formability and ease of machining.
  • Механічні властивості:
    • Ultimate Tensile Strength: ~220 MPa
    • Похідна сила: ~105 MPa
    • Elongation: ~17–18%
  • Характеристики:
    • Softest form of 7075 алюміній, making it highly workable for forming operations.
    • Ideal for applications where post-machining heat treatment is planned.
  • Заявки: Used in situations requiring extensive forming or welding, such as complex aerospace components.

7075-T6 (Solution Heat Treated and Aged)

  • Обробка: the solution is heat-treated and artificially aged
    The alloy is heated to a high temperature, held at that temperature for some time to dissolve the alloying elements into the matrix, and then rapidly cooled (quenched) to lock these elements in solution.
    It is then artificially aged at a lower temperature to precipitate the alloying elements and increase strength.
7075 T6 aluminum plate China factory
7075 T6 aluminum plate China factory
  • Механічні властивості:
    • Ultimate Tensile Strength: ~572–580 MPa
    • Похідна сила: ~503–540 MPa
    • Elongation: ~11–13%
  • Характеристики:
    • High strength-to-weight ratio, excellent for load-bearing components.
    • Reduced ductility compared to 7075-O.
  • Заявки: Common in aerospace, автомобільний, and sporting goods industries for parts like wing spars and bicycle frames.

7075-T651 (Solution Heat Treated, Cold Worked, and Aged)

  • Обробка: solution heat-treated, stretched, and artificially aged
    Similar to T6, but the alloy is stretched after quenching to relieve internal stresses and improve straightness.
  • Механічні властивості:
    • Ultimate Tensile Strength: ~572–580 MPa
    • Похідна сила: ~503–540 MPa
    • Elongation: ~11–13%
  • Характеристики:
    • Similar to T6, but with improved dimensional stability due to stress relief.
    • Slightly better machinability compared to T6.
  • Заявки: Preferred for precision machining, such as high-performance tools, aerospace parts, and molds.

7075-T73 (Solution Heat Treated, Overaged)

  • Обробка: Solution heat-treated, then overaged to improve corrosion resistance.
  • Механічні властивості:
    • Ultimate Tensile Strength: ~503–540 MPa
    • Похідна сила: ~435–475 MPa
    • Elongation: ~13–15%
  • Характеристики:
    • Slightly lower strength than T6 but much better resistance to stress corrosion cracking.
    • Suitable for applications exposed to corrosive environments.
  • Заявки: Used in marine equipment, aerospace applications requiring corrosion resistance, та структурні компоненти.

7075-T7351 (Solution Heat Treated, Cold Worked, and Overaged)

  • Обробка: Solution heat-treated, stretched, and overaged:
    After solution heat treatment and stretching, the alloy is overaged at a higher temperature to reduce residual stress and improve fracture toughness.
  • Механічні властивості:
    • Ultimate Tensile Strength: ~503–540 MPa
    • Похідна сила: ~435–475 MPa
    • Elongation: ~13–15%
  • Характеристики:
    • Combines the benefits of stress relief and corrosion resistance.
    • Less prone to warping and dimensional instability.
  • Заявки: Ideal for precision aerospace parts, military applications, and high-performance machinery.

Summary Table of Mechanical Properties

Temper Grade Ultimate Tensile Strength (MPA) Похідна сила (MPA) Elongation (% in 50mm) Key Characteristics
7075-O ~220 ~105 ~17–18 Highly ductile and formable.
7075-T6 ~572–580 ~503–540 ~11–13 Maximum strength, low ductility.
7075-T651 ~572–580 ~503–540 ~11–13 Stress-relieved, excellent machinability.
7075-T73 ~503–540 ~435–475 ~13–15 Enhanced corrosion resistance.
7075-T7351 ~503–540 ~435–475 ~13–15 Corrosion-resistant and stress-relieved.

Effects of Heat Treatment Stages

  1. Solution Heat Treatment (SHT):
    During this stage, the alloy is heated to dissolve its alloying elements into a solid solution. Rapid cooling, or quenching, “locks in” the alloying elements, setting the stage for hardening.
  2. Гасіння:
    Rapid cooling from the solution treatment temperature creates a supersaturated solid solution. This step is critical for achieving high strength but introduces residual stress in the material.
  3. Старіння (Natural or Artificial):
    Aging allows the alloying elements to precipitate, enhancing the alloy’s strength and hardness. Artificial aging, performed at elevated temperatures, is faster and more controlled.

Key Factors Influenced by Tempering

  1. Strength and Hardness:
    • T6 and T651 Tempers deliver the highest strength due to optimized precipitation of alloying elements like zinc and magnesium.
    • T73 Temper sacrifices some strength for enhanced corrosion resistance, suitable for environments prone to stress-corrosion cracking.
  1. Корозійна стійкість:
    • T6 temper is moderately corrosion-resistant but can be prone to stress-corrosion cracking.
    • T73 temper is specifically designed to improve corrosion resistance, particularly in marine or chemical applications.
  1. Machinability and Stress-Relief:
    • T651 temper minimizes internal stresses, allowing for high-precision machining without the risk of warping or deformation.
    • T73 temper may be less machinable due to its softer surface but offers greater dimensional stability in corrosive conditions.
  1. Toughness and Ductility:
    • T6 temper provides adequate toughness for structural applications.
    • T73 temper offers higher ductility, making it more resistant to cracking under impact or extreme loading.

4. Advantages of 7075 Алюміній

7075 aluminum stands out as one of the most versatile and high-performance alloys available, offering a range of advantages that make it a popular choice across industries:

Exceptional Strength-to-Weight Ratio

  • 7075 aluminum is renowned for its impressive strength-to-weight ratio, making it a prime choice for applications requiring lightweight yet durable materials.
    Наприклад, it boasts an ultimate tensile strength of up to 572 MPA (83,000 павутина) in the T6 temper, surpassing many steels while remaining significantly lighter.

Excellent Fatigue Resistance

  • This alloy is highly resistant to fatigue, making it ideal for components subjected to repetitive stress.
    This property is especially valued in the aerospace and automotive industries, where reliability under cyclic loading is critical.

Superior Machinability

  • 7075 aluminum’s machinability enables the production of complex and precise parts with ease.
    It is often rated as one of the best aluminum alloys for CNC machining, reducing production time and costs.

Heat Treatability

  • The ability to tailor mechanical properties through tempering and heat treatments like T6 and T651 increases its versatility.
    This flexibility allows engineers to customize the alloy for specific performance requirements.

Корозійна стійкість

  • While not as corrosion-resistant as 6061, 7075 aluminum offers moderate resistance to environmental factors.
    Anodizing or other surface treatments can further enhance its durability against corrosion.

5. Processing of 7075 Алюміній

7075 aluminum’s unique properties make it suitable for various fabrication methods, including forming, обробка, and surface treatments.

Обробка:

  • 7075 aluminum is excellent for machining processes like CNC фрезер, обертання, and drilling. Its high machinability allows for precise and efficient fabrication.
Custom CNC machined 7075 aluminum parts
Custom CNC machined 7075 aluminum parts

Forming:

  • 7075 aluminum can be formed into various shapes, but it may require annealing to improve formability. This process helps in achieving the desired shape without compromising the material’s properties.

Термічна обробка

  • 7075 is heat-treatable, enabling enhanced strength and tailored mechanical properties through processes like solution heat treatment and aging. Tempers such as T6 and T651 offer maximum strength, while T73 provides improved corrosion resistance.

Welding

  • Welding is not generally recommended due to the risk of cracking. Friction stir welding is a viable alternative for high-quality joints.

6. Different Finishes on 7075 Алюміній

Mill Finish:

  • The natural finish as it comes from the mill, is suitable for applications where appearance is not critical.

Анодування:

  • Provides a protective oxide layer that enhances corrosion resistance and can be colored for aesthetic purposes. Anodizing improves the material’s durability and appearance.

Полірування:

  • Achieves a smooth, reflective surface, often used for decorative or high-precision applications. Polishing can enhance the visual appeal and reduce surface roughness.

Малювання:

  • Coated with paint or other protective coatings to enhance appearance and protect against corrosion.
    Painting is a common method for improving the material’s aesthetics and longevity.

Chemical Conversion Coatings:

  • Treatments like chromate conversion coating (Alodine) improve corrosion resistance and adhesion for subsequent coatings.
    These coatings are essential for enhancing the material’s performance in harsh environments.

7. Where to Use 7075 Алюміній

Аерокосмічний:

  • 7075 aluminum is widely used in aircraft structures, wings, and fuselage components due to its high strength and lightweight properties.

Автомобільний:

  • High-performance vehicle parts, such as suspension components and chassis, benefit from the strength and durability of 7075 алюміній.

Sports Equipment:

  • 7075 aluminum is used in bicycle frames, golf club shafts, and ski bindings, where high strength and light weight are crucial.

Морський:

  • Boat hulls and deck fittings benefit from the material’s corrosion resistance and strength, що робить його ідеальним для морських застосувань.

Industrial:

  • Structural components, machinery parts, and tools often use 7075 aluminum for its high strength and reliability.

8. Comparison of 7075 Aluminum with Other Grades

Each aluminum grade has its unique set of properties and is best suited for specific applications. 7075 aluminum stands out for its high strength and lightweight.

Однак, other grades like 6061, і 2024 offer different advantages in terms of formability, зварюваність, і економічна ефективність, making them suitable for a broader range of applications.

Property 7075 6061 2024
Міцність Higher Moderate High
Корозійна стійкість Moderate Відмінний Moderate
Обробка Відмінний Good Moderate
Зварюваність Limited Відмінний Limited
Вартість High Moderate High
Заявки Аерокосмічний, military General engineering Аерокосмічний, автомобільний

9. Forms Aluminum 7075 Alloy Exists

7075 aluminum is available in a wide range of forms, providing flexibility for various manufacturing processes and applications.

Below are the most common forms in which this alloy exists and their typical uses:

Form Опис Typical Applications
Flats Thin, flat pieces ideal for structural components. Aerospace panels, automotive reinforcements.
Round Bars Solid cylindrical shapes for machining. Shafts, pins, кріплення, and aerospace fittings.
Plates Thick flat sheets used for heavy-duty parts. Tooling plates, Структурні компоненти.
Sheets Thin, wide surfaces for lightweight structures. Aircraft skin, панелі, and cladding.
Strips Narrow sheets for precision cutting. Electrical components, decorative trim.
Round Tubes Hollow cylindrical shapes. Bicycle frames, fluid transport systems.
Rectangular Tubes Hollow rectangular cross-sections. Structural frames, Автомобільні компоненти.
Hollow Bars Thick-walled tubes for heavy-duty applications. Hydraulic cylinders, aerospace components.
Square Bars Solid square profiles for diverse uses. Construction parts, дужки, and joints.
Hexagon Bars Hexagonal shapes for specialized fasteners. Bolts, nuts, and machine components.
Channels U-shaped profiles for structural support. Building frameworks, aerospace ribs.

10. Висновок

7075 aluminum is a remarkable alloy that combines high strength, легкий, and excellent mechanical properties.

Each temper grade offers unique characteristics, allowing engineers and manufacturers to select the most appropriate material for their specific needs.

Whether you are working on aerospace projects, Автомобільні компоненти, or high-end sports equipment, 7075 aluminum is a material worth considering.

By understanding its composition, properties, and fabrication techniques, you can maximize its potential and achieve outstanding results in your projects.

We hope this guide has provided you with valuable insights into the properties of 7075 алюміній.

If you have any questions or product processing needs, feel free to reach out to us. Happy fabricating!

7075 Aluminium Coil Manufacturer
7075 Aluminium Coil Manufacturer
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