EN36B steel is a versatile and high-strength, case-hardening alloy steel. It is particularly well-suited for applications where durability, Pakai ketahanan, and strength are essential.
Commonly used in automotive, Aerospace, dan industri alat berat, EN36B combines high surface hardness with a tough core.
Di blog ini, we’ll explore the composition, properti, perlakuan panas, and applications of EN36B steel, offering a deeper understanding of why it’s a top choice for demanding engineering applications.
1. Perkenalan
EN36B is a carbon steel that falls into the category of low-alloy steel with excellent case-hardening properties.
This makes it ideal for components that require a tough interior with a hardened exterior.
Its strength and ability to endure mechanical stress, along with its resistance to wear, make it a popular choice in industries where parts are exposed to high stress and friction.
By maintaining a soft core and a hard surface, EN36B exhibits the perfect combination of toughness and resistance to surface wear.
2. What is EN36B Steel?
EN36B is classified as a low-alloy steel with case-hardening properties.
The term “case-hardening” refers to a heat treatment process that hardens only the surface of the steel, while the core remains relatively soft and tough.
This unique characteristic makes EN36B an excellent choice for parts that experience high stress and require a durable surface for longevity.
Typically used for high-load components like gears, poros, and camshafts, EN36B offers an ideal balance between surface hardness and internal toughness.
3. Chemical Composition of EN36B Steel
The chemical composition of EN36B is carefully engineered to enhance its strength, Pakai ketahanan, dan ketangguhan. Here is a typical breakdown of its alloying elements:
| Elemen | Kisaran persentase |
|---|---|
| Karbon (C) | 0.18 - - 0.22% |
| Mangan (M N) | 0.60 - - 0.90% |
| Kromium (Cr) | 0.80 - - 1.10% |
| Nikel (Di dalam) | 1.00 - - 1.30% |
| Molybdenum (Mo) | 0.20 - - 0.35% |
| Fosfor (P) | 0.035% Max |
| Sulfur (S) | 0.035% Max |
How these elements contribute to EN36B’s properties:
- Karbon: The carbon content primarily influences the hardness of the steel. It also plays a key role in the case-hardening process.
- Kromium: This element enhances surface hardness, Pakai ketahanan, dan resistensi korosi, particularly in high-stress environments.
- Nikel: Provides improved toughness, especially at low temperatures, and contributes to better strength retention.
- Molybdenum: Increases high-temperature strength and overall toughness.
- Mangan: Improves hardenability, enhances wear resistance, and prevents brittleness.
4. Properties of EN36B Steel
Sifat mekanik
EN36B is known for its impressive mechanical properties, making it suitable for parts that need to withstand heavy loads and wear. Some typical values for its mechanical properties include:
| Milik | Nilai |
|---|---|
| Kekuatan tarik | 800 - - 1000 MPa |
| Kekuatan luluh | 600 - - 800 MPa |
| Kekerasan (after case-hardening) | 55 - - 60 HRC |
- Kekuatan tarik refers to the maximum stress that EN36B can withstand before breaking, and in the case of EN36B, it can endure significant forces.
- Kekuatan luluh is the point at which the steel begins to deform plastically, and EN36B maintains a high yield strength, which ensures durability in heavy-duty applications.
- Kekerasan: After case-hardening, EN36B attains a high surface hardness, essential for resisting wear and abrasion, particularly in high-friction environments.
Case-Hardened Surface vs. Inti
The case-hardening process used for EN36B involves the carburizing of the steel, which increases the carbon content of the surface, making it harder.
The result is a hard exterior (kasus) that can withstand harsh wear conditions, while the softer core maintains toughness and resistance to fatigue.
- Kekerasan Permukaan: 55-60 HRC (Kekerasan Rockwell)
- Ketangguhan inti: Retains a softer, ductile structure with high tensile strength.
Sifat fisik
EN36B also boasts desirable physical properties that make it suitable for a variety of engineering applications:
| Milik | Nilai |
|---|---|
| Kepadatan | 7.85 g/cm³ |
| Konduktivitas termal | 43 W/m · k (pada suhu 20°C) |
| Modulus elastisitas | 210 IPK |
These physical properties indicate EN36B’s ability to perform effectively under both high-stress and varying temperature conditions,
making it suitable for components exposed to heat or requiring high mechanical strength.
Wear and Corrosion Resistance
EN36B’s resistance to wear is largely due to its hard surface, which is ideal for components that undergo frequent friction and wear.
While its corrosion resistance is moderate, EN36B can be coated or surface-treated to enhance its resistance in harsh chemical environments, especially in marine or corrosive conditions.
Machinability and Weldability
- Kemampuan mesin: EN36B is relatively machinable, but carbide-tipped tools are typically used for precision machining due to its hardness.
- Kemampuan las: EN36B poses welding challenges due to its high carbon content and alloying elements, which may lead to welding cracks.
Pre-heat and post-weld heat treatment procedures are recommended to minimize these issues.
5. Heat Treatment and Hardening of EN36B Steel
The heat treatment process is a critical step in enhancing the properties of EN36B steel.
Case-hardening is usually achieved by carburizing the steel at high temperatures, diikuti dengan pendinginan dan temper.
- Carburizing: Involves heating EN36B in a carbon-rich environment to increase surface carbon content.
- Pendinginan: Rapid cooling in water or oil locks the carbon into the surface, increasing hardness.
- Tempering: Setelah pendinginan, tempering is performed to reduce brittleness and improve toughness in the core.
By carefully controlling the heat treatment process, EN36B achieves its balance of toughness and wear resistance.
6. Machining and Grinding Capabilities
EN36B can be machined using conventional methods like berbalik, penggilingan, dan pengeboran.
Namun, due to its high surface hardness after case-hardening, carbide tooling is often preferred to achieve high-precision results.
Grinding can also be used to achieve smooth finishes and tight tolerances on EN36B parts.
7. Applications of EN36B Steel
EN36B’s unique combination of high strength, kekerasan, and surface hardness makes it ideal for demanding applications:
- Industri otomotif: Komponen seperti roda gigi, poros, and camshafts in engines and transmissions.
- Industri Aerospace: High-strength structural components and landing gear, where both toughness and surface wear resistance are essential.
- Mesin berat: Parts like crankshafts, Camshafts, and gear components in machinery and subject to high-stress operations.
- Tool and Die Industry: Used in tools that require high surface hardness, Dampak resistensi, and fatigue strength.
8. Advantages and Disadvantages of EN36B Steel
Keuntungan
- High Surface Hardness: Perfect for wear-resistant applications like gears and shafts.
- Inti yang sulit: Maintains toughness even after case-hardening, ideal for parts that need to absorb shocks.
- Resistensi kelelahan: EN36B excels in applications subjected to repeated stresses.
Kerugian
- Biaya Lebih Tinggi: EN36B is more expensive than non-alloy steels due to its alloy content and heat treatment process.
- Tantangan Kemampuan Las: Requires special procedures for welding, which may increase production complexity.
- Complex Heat Treatment: Achieving optimal properties requires precise control during carburizing and quenching.
9. EN36B Steel vs. Other Case-Hardening Steels
EN36B steel is one of several popular case-hardening steels known for its excellent combination of toughness and wear resistance.
To help you understand where EN36B stands in comparison to other case-hardening steels,
let’s compare it to EN8, EN24, and 8620—all common choices for applications that require a hard surface and a tough core.
Comparison Table of Case-Hardening Steels
| Milik | EN36B | EN8 | EN24 | 8620 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Komposisi | Di dalam (1.00–1.30%), Cr (0.80–1.10%), Mo (0.20–0.35%) | Plain carbon (C 0.35–0.45%) | Di dalam (1.30–1.70%), Cr (0.90–1.20%), Mo (0.20–0.40%) | Di dalam (0.40–0.70%), Cr (0.40–0.60%), Mo (0.15–0,25%) |
| Kekerasan Permukaan (HRC) | 55–60 (after case-hardening) | 45–55 | 50–60 | 50–60 |
| Ketangguhan inti | Tinggi (retains ductility) | Sedang | Tinggi | Sedang hingga tinggi |
| Kekuatan tarik | 800–1000 MPa | 550–850 MPa | 850–1000 MPa | 700–850 MPa |
| Aplikasi terbaik | Roda gigi, poros, Camshafts | Poros, as, stressed pins | Aerospace, komponen tegangan tinggi | Roda gigi, poros engkol, komponen struktural |
| Kemampuan mesin | Sedang (better with carbide tools) | Bagus (especially in annealed state) | Sedang hingga bagus | Bagus |
| Kemampuan las | Terbatas, requires special pre-heat | Sedang | Terbatas, requires special pre-heat | Bagus |
DI DALAM8 vs.. DI DALAM36B
- Composition and Hardness: EN36B has higher alloying elements (nickel and chromium) than EN8, making it better suited for high-stress applications where both surface hardness and toughness are required.
EN8 is a plain carbon steel, often preferred for applications requiring basic hardening but with a less stringent need for wear resistance. - Aplikasi: EN36B is ideal for gears and camshafts, while EN8 is commonly used in shafts, stressed pins, and other moderate-load applications.
- Machinability and Weldability: EN8 is more machinable and has moderate weldability, making it easier to work with compared to EN36B, which requires specialized welding practices.
EN36B vs. EN24
- Toughness and Strength: EN24 and EN36B both provide excellent strength and toughness,
but EN24’s slightly higher nickel content makes it an excellent choice for components that endure intense mechanical stress, especially in aerospace applications. - Kekerasan dan ketahanan aus: EN24 can achieve similar surface hardness to EN36B after case-hardening, making both steels competitive in applications like high-load gears.
- Perlakuan panas: Both steels undergo case-hardening, pendinginan, and tempering to achieve optimal properties.
EN24 can be slightly easier to machine in its annealed state, while EN36B may require carbide tools for precision.
EN36B vs. 8620
- Ketangguhan inti: Keduanya 8620 and EN36B are known for good core toughness, but EN36B typically offers a harder case and slightly better wear resistance.
- Aplikasi: EN36B’s higher hardness and strength make it ideal for demanding applications such as high-performance gears and camshafts. 8620 is often used in gears, poros engkol,
and other structural components where moderate hardness and high toughness are adequate. - Weldability and Cost: 8620 is easier to weld and tends to be more cost-effective than EN36B,
making it popular in industries that prioritize weldability and cost-effectiveness over extreme surface hardness.
10. Tips for Choosing EN36B for Your Project
When deciding whether to use EN36B, mempertimbangkan:
- Load and Stress: If your component will endure heavy loads and need wear resistance, EN36B’s case-hardened surface makes it ideal.
- Faktor lingkungan: For applications in harsh environments, additional surface treatments or coatings may be necessary.
- Pertimbangan biaya: While more expensive than non-alloy steels, EN36B’s superior properties often justify the investment for high-performance applications.
11. Kesimpulan
EN36B steel is a high-performance alloy that offers a perfect balance of toughness, Pakai ketahanan, dan kekuatan.
Whether you’re designing parts for the automotive, Aerospace, or heavy machinery industries, EN36B’s unique properties make it a top choice for applications that demand reliability under high stress.
Memahami komposisinya, properti, and applications can help you determine when EN36B is the right material for your project.
If you have any EN36B steel processing needs, Mohon jangan ragu Hubungi kami.
