1. Hōʻikeʻike
Ua hoʻokaʻawaleʻo Sand Casting i kaʻoihana i kaʻoihana no nā kenekulia no nā kenekulia, E hoʻokō i ka hana o nā geomex paʻakikī i ka uku haʻahaʻa.
I kēia manawa, Compated silctite hao (Cgi)-Aiia i ikeia ʻO ke kiʻi paʻi kiʻi vermicular-ʻO nā mea i kū mai he mea eʻoi aku ai i keʻano o ke aniani ma waena o ka hao hina hina a me ka hao hao.
Ma ka hoʻohuiʻana i nā waiwai makemake o nā meaʻelua, Hāʻawiʻo CGI i ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka ikaika a me ke kāhiko o ke aniani ma mua o ka hao hina, akā, e noho mau ana i ka Candior Canditability a me keʻano hoʻohālikelike i hoʻohālikelikeʻia i nā helu Ductile.
Ma kēiaʻatikala, E nānā mākou "He aha ka mea e lele ana me CGI?" ma o ka metallirgical, ka hoʻoiliʻana, puiahuhu, a me nā leona waiwai.
Ke manaʻo nei mākou e hōʻike i kahi kumuwaiwai kūpono loa no ka hoʻomaʻamaʻaʻana no nā mīkini hana, Hōʻikeʻia nā hana hoʻolālā, a me nā mea noiʻi makemake e makemake i nā pono o nā CGI.
2. Compated silctite hao (Cgi): Metallirgy a me nā waiwai
Compated (vermicular) kiʻi hao (Cgi) noho i kahi kūlana waena ma waena o ka hina hina a me ka hao hao:
ʻO konaʻano kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi kūʻokoʻa e hāʻawi i kahi hui pūʻana o ka ikaika, luhi, aʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa nā waiwai i nā mea hoʻonani i nā irons'ē aʻe.
Kiʻi mau Morpolai: Mai ka hina hina i ka ductile i cgi
Kiʻiʻia i loko o ka hao hao ma nā morphologiesʻekolu. ʻO kēlā me kēia mana i ka hana mechanical a me keʻano:
- Iron Roil: Hāʻawiʻo Flake Ka kiʻi kiʻi i ka hana paʻaʻana ma lalo o ka vibration akā nā palena o nā mea kūʻai akuʻo Tensile.
- Cgi: Hōʻikeʻia ke kiʻi vermicular, Nā SIMSUM " (compactness factor ≥ 60 %), ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka ikaika a me ke olaʻana i ka wā e kū ana i ka nui o ka damping.
- Ui: Kiʻi kiʻi e like me nā nodules kūpono loa; ʻO kēia maximizes liʻiliʻi akā e hōʻemi i ka damping damping a me keʻano hoʻohālikelike i ka cgi.
ʻO nā mea hoʻohālikelike a me nā mea'ē aʻe
Smotically, Ua likeʻo CGI e like me DuClet ir hao akā pono ke koiʻana i ka mana o nā mea, nui loa magnerium a me ka sulfur, e hoʻokō i ka palapala kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi.
ʻO ka hoʻonohonoho maʻamau maʻamau (En-gjv-450-12) kū aʻe ma lalo:
| Mua | Kaonaʻeha (wt %) | Hana / Hopena |
|---|---|---|
| KālekaʻAʻI (C) | 3.4 - 3.8 | Hoʻolako i nā mana kūpono; Hiki i ke ce ke alakaʻi i nā kaʻa. |
| Silikino (A) | 2.0 - 3.0 | Hoʻolau Koho Kūʻai Kūʻai; kaulike o ka ferrite / mimetite ratio. |
| Mang kāne (Mn) | 0.10 - 0.50 | Nā cultrodes sultides a hōʻoia i ka palaoa; ʻO nā mea nui mn i luna c, ke kū nei i ka hoʻokumuʻana i ke kaʻa. |
| Phoshorus (P) | ≤ 0.20 | Poino; hiki ke hoʻonui i ka uluʻana akā hōʻemi i ka paʻakikī inā > 0.10 %. |
| Sulfur (S) | ≤ 0.01 | Pono e hōʻemi i ka liʻiliʻi e pale ai i ka hōʻike MGS, ʻO ka mea e hoʻonāukiuki ai i keʻano kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi vermicular. |
Magnesum (Mg) |
0.03 - 0.06 | Koʻikoʻi no ka kiʻi kiʻi o Vermicular; ʻO ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi mg yield i hina hina, Nui ka hana nui i ka kiʻi kiʻi sptherrol (Ui). |
| Kipuka / NāʻOihana (C Ce) | 0.005 - 0.015 | Hana e like me keʻano he nodulizer / collifier-resines-resines vermicular kiʻi kiʻi a hoʻopaʻaʻia iā ia e kū'ē ana i nā incolistent. |
| Liulaala (Cu) | 0.2 - 0.8 | Hoʻonui i ka ikaika a me ka paʻakikī; Kehi Choi (> 1 %) hiki ke hoʻolaha i nā kāmera. |
Nickel (I) |
≤ 0.5 | Hoʻomaikaʻi i ka paʻakikī a me ke kū'ēʻana; hoʻokaʻawale pinepineʻia no nā kumu kūʻai kūʻaiʻole keʻole keʻano o ka hana. |
| Mybrideum (Mo) | ≤ 0.2 | Ke hōʻoia nei i ka hoʻokumuʻana i ka mālamaʻana; Kōkua i ka mālamaʻana i kahi marictitic. |
| 'Eron (Lia) | Kaulike | Nā Pākuʻi Base Metal; lawe i nā hoʻohui hoʻohui a pau a hoʻoholo i nā waiwai metallip. |
Nā kiʻi nui:
- Ka palekana Mg waena 0.035 % a 0.055 % (± 0.005 %) mea pono; Hāʻule ma waho o kēia puka makani i hoʻololi i ka mode mode.
- Sulfur Pono e noho haʻahaʻa loa (< 0.01 %)-E 0.015 % S hiki ke hoʻopaʻa i ka mg e like me MGS, Ke pale nei i ka hoʻokumu kiʻi kiʻi vermicular.
- Silikino Nā pae ma luna 2.5 % Paipai i ka uluʻana o ka flake i ka uluʻana a me kahi matrix ferritic hou, hoʻomaikaʻiʻana i ka mālamaʻana i ka hana a me ka hōʻemiʻana i ka ikaika inā nui.
Moloka: ʻO ka kiʻi kiʻi vermicular i loko o kahi pālani o Ferritic / Pearlitic
ʻO ka microstructure as-thrstructure o CGI e hilinaʻi nei i ka helu hōʻoia, inoculation, a me ka hopena wela wela. Nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau:
| ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona microstructural | ʻO ka weheweheʻana | Mālama i ka parameter |
|---|---|---|
| ʻO nā flake kiʻi kiʻi vermicular | Nā kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi me nā hopena i hoʻopuniʻia; ʻano hoʻohālikelike ~ 2:1-4:1; compactness ≥ 60 %. | MG / RESATE, ʻO Onoculation ikaika, Kaila (0.5-2 ° C / s) |
| ʻO Ferritic Matrix | ʻIkeʻiaʻo α; ʻO nā mea hoʻonani kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe. | E hoʻolōʻihi i ka maʻalahi a iʻole ka leka uila |
| ʻO ka Matrix pakeke | ʻO ka hoʻololi houʻana i ka lamellae o ka ferrite a me ke cementiote (~ 20-40 % Puʻuʻupuʻu); hoʻonui i ka ikaika a me ka paʻakikī. | Wikiwiki maikaʻi, ʻO nā cu / m a me nā hoʻohui |
| Kaʻauhuiʻo Carkedes (Likahi, ₇C₃) | Hikiʻole inā loaʻa i kēia manawa ma keʻano nui; Hoʻemi i ka ductility a me ke aniani. | ʻO ka nui a me ka wikiwiki wikiwiki; ʻAʻole lawa iCoculation |
| ʻO nā'āpana Onoculation | Hoʻohui no ferrosinicon, wisro-baumi anal-pricicon, a iʻole nā ipo-pili-pili-pili i hoʻokumuʻia i nā pūnaewele i hoʻokumuʻia no ka kiʻi helu vermicular. | ʻAno a me ka nui o ka inoculant (0.6-1.0 kg / t) |
- Kahi kikowaena: A ʻO Ferritic Matrix (≥ 60 % ferrite) ka hāʻawiʻana i ka mālamaʻana o ka 40-45 w / m · k,
oiai ʻO Ferrite-Mime Mix (30 % - 40 % Puʻuʻupuʻu) e hāpai i ka ikaika e hāʻawi i ka ikaika 250 - 300 Mpa me kaʻole o ka make nui. - ʻO ka helu kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi vermicular nodule: Kaukai 100 - 200 vermicular flakes / mmI² Ma nāʻaoʻao ~ 10 mm mānoanoa. ʻO nā helu haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e hōʻemi i ka ikaika; ʻO nā helu helu kiʻekiʻe e hoʻololi ai i ke hoʻololiʻana i ka nodularity.
Nā Pīkuhi Propertinies (Ikaika, Luhi, Kaluhi)
ʻO nā waiwai me nā mea hoʻohana o CGI, luhi, a me nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. Nā koho koho (En-gjv-450-12, kūlohelohe) kū ma lalo:
| Waiwai | Kaonaʻeha | Comparrating bort |
|---|---|---|
| Ikaika ikaika (Us) | 400 - 450 Mpa | ~ 50 % ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka hao hina (200 - 300 Mpa) |
| Ka ikaika (0.2 % Kahiki) | 250 - 300 Mpa | ~ 60 % ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka hao hina (120 - 200 Mpa) |
| Elongation ma ka wā hoʻomaha (A %) | 3 - 5 % | Waena ma waena o ka hina hina (0 - 2 %) a me ka hao hao (10 - 18 %) |
| Modulus olasticity (E) | 170 - 180 GPA | ~ 50 % ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka hao hina (100 - 120 GPA) |
| Hālulu (Kahuna Hb) | 110 - 200 HB (Matrix-hilinaʻi) | Ferritic CGI: 110 - 130 HB; Aliʻi CGI: 175 - 200 HB |
| Ka ikaika momona (Ke hoʻololi nei) | 175 - 200 Mpa | ~ 20 - 30 % ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka hao hina (135 - 150 Mpa) |
| Hopena paʻakikī (Lihu v-n't 20 ° C) | 6 - 10 J | ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka hao hina (~ 4-5 j), ma lalo o ka hao ductile (10-15 j) |
Nānā:
- High Modulus'ōpiopio (Eia ≈ 175 GPA) alakaʻi i nā mea hoʻokūkū stiffer-pono i loko o nā poloka mīkini a me nā'āpana hoʻonohonoho e koi ana i ka hoʻohālikelike liʻiliʻi.
- ʻO ka paleʻana o ka momona (≈ 200 Mpa) hana i ka CGI kūpono no nā ukana Cyclical (E.g., Nā poʻo cylinder ma lalo o nāʻano lole).
- Hālulu hiki ke hoʻopaʻaʻia ma o ka huiʻana o Matrix: ʻO Ferritic maʻemaʻe CGI (~ 115 HB) nā mea maikaʻi ma nā noi; momi cgi (~ 180 HB) kohoʻia no nā pono ikaika kiʻekiʻe.
ʻO keʻano o ka Thermal Condertivity a me ke kīwaha
ʻO ka palapala kiʻi kope o CGI a me ka Matrix e hana i nāʻano likeʻole a me nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻiʻole:
| Waiwai | Kani Cori | Hoʻohālikelike |
|---|---|---|
| Ka HōʻaʻO Kokua | 40 - 45 W / m · c · k | Iron Roil: 30 - 35 W / m · c · k; Ui: 20 - 25 W / m · c · k |
| Wela wela (20 ° C) | ~ 460 J / KIG · K | E like me nā mea i kālaiʻia (~ 460 J / KIG · K) |
| Ka hoʻonuiʻana (20-100 ° C) | 11.5 - 12.5 × 10-° C | ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka hao hina (11.0 × 10-° C) |
| Ka hiki (Kāohi) | 0.004 - 0.006 | Iron Roil: ~ 0.010; Ui: ~ 0.002 |
- Ka HōʻaʻO Kokua: Kāleʻa Kūʻai Nui (40 W / m · c · k) Hoʻokipaʻia i ka wehe wela mai nā wahi wela mai nā poloka mīkini a me nā leʻaleʻa turbochger hou, ka hōʻemiʻana i ka pilikia momona.
- Kūwaho: ʻO ke kumu o CGI o CGI (0.004 - 0.006) ʻO ka ikaikaʻoi aku ka nui o ka ikehuʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka hao ductile, ke kōkuaʻana, viguration, Aʻo kaʻeha (Nvh) kaohi-nui i nā mīkini make make.
- Ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka: ʻO ka hoʻonuiʻana o CGI (≈ 11.5 × 10-° C) Loaʻa i nā linel Engine mīkini uila, ka ho'ēmiʻana i nā kaumaha i nā kaumaha ma ka liner / block interface.
3. He aha ka mea e kau ana i ke one ke koho i ka hao kiʻi paʻi (Cgi)?
Sand cread Me ka hao kiʻi paʻi (Cgi) E hahai ana i nā hana like likeʻole e like me ke kāwele hao,
Mākaukau Mold, hoʻomālamalama, E ninini ana, Kūpuia, a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe - akā hoʻololi i nā mea koho kī nui e hana i nāʻano kūʻokoʻa CGI CGI.
E wehewehe i ke kaʻina hana
ʻO keʻano hana
- Hoʻolālā kūpono: Loaʻa nā kumu hoʻohālike (pinepine mai ka lāʻau, epoxy, a iʻole alumini) e komo pū i nā mea e pono ai no 3-6 % ʻO keʻano maʻamau o nā cgi alloys cgi (SoUDUS ~ 1 150 ° C, wai ~ 1 320 ° C).
- Ke koho: Nā Kūlana Silica maʻamau (permeibility > 200, Afs grain feldness ~ 200) Hana maikaʻi,
akā ua hoʻonuiʻia nā mea hoʻopaʻa kālā-phenolic-urethane a iʻole nā mea kōkua cheran-kōkua iā cb o ka mahana kiʻekiʻe (~ 1 350-1 420 ° C). - Cope a me ka hui pū: Hoʻopili kaʻenehana i ka pahu a puni ka hapalua haʻahaʻa o ke kumu hoʻohālike, A laila e wehe i keʻano a me nā wahi i kauʻia (Inā pono) ma mua o ka hoʻouluʻana i ka cope.
Mālamaʻo CREATFIFF i kahi wahi i pakele ai i ke kaheʻana i ka wā e hoʻopiha ai ka cgi kiʻekiʻe.
Melting a me nā lāʻau metala
- ʻO ka hoʻonohonohoʻana: Hoʻohana maʻamau nā melts i ka 70-80 % recycled scrap, 10-20 % puaʻa puaʻa a wela paha,
a me ka luna kāne e hana i ka chemistry maikaʻi. Loaʻa nā pahuhopu no c 3.5 ± 0.1 %, A 2.5 ± 0.2 %, a s < 0.01 %. - Magnesium a me nā add-honua: Pololei ma mua o ka nininiʻana, Loaʻa nā opeamage nā manuahi ma 0.035-0.055 % Mg (ma kahi o 0.005-0.015 % Anuanu) i loko o kahi'āpana i uhiʻia e hana i ke kiʻi vermicular ma mua o nā flakes a iʻole spheroids.
E hoʻoikaika mālie lākou i ka hoʻokaʻawaleʻana i nā milifier. - 'Onoculation a me De -xidation: ʻO nā mea loaʻa me ka ~ 0.6-1.0 kg / t of ferrosinicon a iʻole stium-silicon inclant.
Liilii, de -xidants-e like me ka fesi-scavence i hoʻokaʻawale i ka oxygen.
Ka nininiʻana a me ka hoʻopiha pihaʻana
- Ka Manahiʻai: Ka nininiʻana i ka mahana no ka cgi sit a puni 1 350-1 420 ° C (2 462-2 588 ° F), ʻO 30-70 ° C ma luna o ka wai wai.
Hōʻike kēia superheat hou i ka hoʻopiha pihaʻana i nā'āpana pā (a lalo i 4 mm) akā, hoʻonui hou i ka hopena o ke ono. - Hoʻolālā hoʻolālā: E hoʻohana i nā mea loaʻa i kahi pahu stround a me keʻano o ka holoʻana i nā'āpana, ua heluʻia no kahi helu reynolds (NāʻOihana) na 2 000-3 000-e hōʻemi i ka turbuglence.
Nā kānana FAMIC FAM (30-40 PIPI) pinepine pinepine i nā manaʻo i laweʻia i loko o ka mū. - Molūʻana: No ka meaʻo CGI Flidity Rivals Growels hina, nā mea kūpono kūpono-ma lalo o nāʻaoʻao lalo ma lalo o nā alahele a me nā mea i hoʻopiliʻia a mālamaʻia i ke komoʻana.
Nā Alahele kūikawā (exothermic a insulated) E hānai i nā mea molten.
Hoʻoponopono a me ka mana o ka Microstructure
- Kiʻi Kūlana Papa: E like me ka mea e hoʻopau ai i ka molten cgi mai ~ 1 350 ° C i 900 ° C, ʻO nā kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi vermicular ma nā pūnaewele i loko.
Loaʻa i loaʻa i kahi uku haʻahaʻa o ka uku o 0.5-2.0 ° C / s ma waena o 10-15 mm ma waena o ka 10-200 vermicular flakes per mm². - Hana matrix: Ma lalo 900 ° C, Hoʻomaka ka hoʻololiʻana o Austentite-to-ferrite.
ʻO nā mea hou e hōʻoluʻolu hou ai (higher strength but lower thermal conductivity), while moderate cooling produces a primarily ferritic matrix (better heat dissipation).
Foundries often normalize at 900 °C after shakeout to achieve a 60 % ferrite–40 % pearlite balance. - Shrinkage Feeding: CGI shrinks by approximately 3.5 % upon solidification. Risers sized at 10–15 % of casting mass—positioned at strategic hot spots—mitigate shrinkage porosity.
Ka Haakauaoha, ʻO ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe, a me ka hana hope
- Ka Haakauaoha: After 30–45 minutes of cooling, foundries break away mold sand using vibrating tables or pneumatic rams. Reclaimed sand undergoes screening and reclamation for reuse.
- ʻO ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe: Pana pua (for ferrous) or air-carbon arc cutting removes residual sand, Kunaua, and risers. Technicians inspect for surface cracks or fins before heat treatment.
- ʻO ka mālama wela (Normalization): CGI castings typically normalize at 900 ° C (1 652 ° F) for 1–2 hours, then air or oil quench.
Hoʻopau kēia hana i ka nui grain a e hōʻoia i ka nui o nā mea e pono ai. - Ka machning a me ka nānāʻana: Ma hope o ka hoʻohanaʻana, ʻO nā hale hoʻokipa i hele i hope (Ferritic CGI ~ 115 HB; paila cgi ~ 180 HB).
Nā Kūlana Kūʻai CNC Center (Tolerances ± 0.10 mm) a me nā mea nānā e hōʻoia i ka morpopohology (vermicularity ≥ 60 %) Via metalpography.
ʻO nā meaʻokoʻa nui mai ka hina hina hina
| Pākaukau | Iron Roil | Cgi |
|---|---|---|
| Ka nininiʻana | 1 260-1 300 ° C (2 300-2 372 ° F) | 1 350-1 420 ° C (2 462-2 588 ° F) |
| Kiʻi mīpī | Flook Kiʻi (Long 50-100 μM) | ʻO ka kiʻi kiʻi vermicular (Hoʻohālikelike i nā flakes, Lole 25-50 μm) |
| I ka lāʻau lapaʻau | Onoculation wale nō (Pane) | Mg /ʻaʻohe hoʻohui + inoculation |
| Nā koina no nā koi | ʻO ka phenolic maʻamau a iʻole sicuum silitate | ʻOi aku ka nui o ka phenolic / urethane ma muli o ka pilikia o ka maʻi |
| ʻO ka hōʻoluʻolu maikaʻi | ʻO nāʻano liʻiliʻi-frikes-flakes ma luna o ka laulā ākea | ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi-hoʻoliʻiliʻi 0,5-2 ° C / s pono pono no Vermicular |
| Shrinkage | ~ 4.0 % | ~ 3.5 % |
| Kahi kikowaena | ʻO ka pearlitic pearlitic a i hui pūʻia paha | ʻO nā kaulikeʻo Tailored-Purtite i ke kaulike ma o ka mālama wela |
4. Loaʻa a me nā pilikia o ka one e kau ana i ka hao photo (Cgi)
Loaʻa i nā one o Sand Canding CGI
Hoʻonui ikaika a paʻakikī
ʻO ka ikaika o CGI (400-450 mpa) uaʻoi aku i ka hao hina e 50 %, ʻOiaiʻo kāna modulus o ka elasticity (170-180 GPA) nā mea kanu hina hina ma 50 %.
Ma ka hopena, Hōʻikeʻo CGI Castings i ka hoʻokaʻawaleʻana ma lalo o ka paleʻana ma lalo o nā mea waiwai nui loa no nā poloka o nā mīkini a me nā mea hoʻonohonoho.
Hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi i ka hana
Me ka hana a ka thermal o 40-45 w / m · k, CGI Transfers wela 20-30 % ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki ma mua o ka hao hina.
Eʻae kēia i nā mea ho'āʻo Quicker, hoʻemiʻia nā wahi wela, aʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kū'ēʻana i ka momona o ka cylinder i nā poʻo cylinder a me nā liners.
ʻO ka papaʻaina
ʻO ke kumu o CGI o CGI (~ 0.005) hāʻule i waena o ka hina ma waena o ka hina hina (~ 0.010) a me ka ducile (~ 0.002) irons.
NOEHUI, Cgi esborbs ikaika loa-ho'ēmi nvh (kāmaʻaʻili, viguration, 'ōlohelohe)-While pale aku i ke aniani kiʻekiʻe o ka hina hina.
Hana kūpono-kūpono
ʻOiaiʻo CGI ADDS ~ 5-10 % ʻO nā kumukūʻai waiwai ma muli o MG / RD ADDIES a me ka Hoʻolaha Hoʻolaha Kūʻai, uku ia 20-30 % ' ma mua o ka hao ducile no ka hana kūlike.
ʻO kaʻaeʻana i nā mea matching indunces-mahalo e hoʻomaikaʻi i nā kumukūʻai curtability.
Nā pilikia o ka one e hoʻolei ana i ka hao kiʻi paʻi kiʻi
- Hoʻopaʻa paʻa i ka mana chemistry: Mālama mg i loko ± 0.005 % He koʻikoʻi. Hiki i kahiʻano liʻiliʻi ke hoʻohuli i ka morphology kiʻi morphology e flake a iʻole sprerall, e pono ai i ka hoʻokaʻawale pihaʻana.
- ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe: CGI's 1 350-1 420 ° C (2 462-2 588 ° F) koi aku i nā meaʻala i nā boders bubust a me nā lole e pale aku ai i ka erosion a me ka'ōpala.
- Ka hopena o ka hana kaʻa: Hiki i ka Silikino a iʻole ka wikiwiki e hiki ai i ka wikiwiki ke hana i nā pūnaewele cenetete, embritling cgis; ʻO Onoculation a me ke kāohiʻana i ka hōʻoluʻolu.
- Mālamaʻike Kūʻai Mahi: Ke alakaʻi neiʻo CGI ka nui o ka CGI i nāʻano nui he nui o nā mea i keʻano o keʻano o ka chenting a me nā mea hana a me nā hana hoʻoikaika.
- ʻO ka mea i loaʻa i kahi loea: ʻOiaiʻo ka mākekeʻo Cgi (nui loa i ka automotive), wale no 20-25 % o nā hao hao i loaʻa i ke ao nei i hakuʻia i nā kaʻina hana kūikawā, e hāpai ana i nā manawa alakaʻi.
5. Nā noi kiko'ī i kohoʻia i nā noi i nā noi i nā mea hao ma o ke kauʻana o Sand
- ʻO nā pahu mīkini kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa
- Cylinder mau poʻo a me nā liners
- E hoʻonui i nā manifolds a me nā leʻaleʻa turbochger
- ʻO nā mea leʻaleʻa a me nā mea hoʻopiʻi
- ʻO Gearbox a me nā hale kūʻai
- Nā'āpana oʻenehanaʻoihanaʻoihana (E.g., nā poloka geset)
- ʻO nā kino Valdraulic Valve a me nā blocks pump
6. Nā hoʻohālikelike i nā mea kūʻai aku i nā mea kūʻai aku
| Waiwai | Ikaika ikaika (Mpa) | Ka HōʻaʻO Kokua (W / m · c · k) | Huakai (g / cm³) | Ka hiki | Ke kū'ē neiʻo Corrosionion | Markinpalibility | Kumukūʻai pili | Nā noi maʻamau |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cgi (Compated silctite hao) | 400-450 | 40-45 | ~ 7.1 | Loli (~ 0.005) | Loli | Loli | Kūpono (~ 5-10% > Iron Roil) | ʻO nā papa make make, Nā poʻo cylinder |
| 'Āpana hina | 200-300 | 30-35 | ~ 7. 1 | High (~ 0 0 0) | Loli | Maikaʻi loa | Hoʻohaʻahaʻa | Nā discs lor, Nā manu ma nā papa |
| Ui | 550-700 | 20-25 | ~ 7. 1 | Hoʻohaʻahaʻa (~ 0.002) | Loli | Loli | High (~ 20-30% > Cgi) | Lihao, nā kaumaha kaumaha |
| Apana Apana Aluminum | 150-350 | 120-180 | ~ 2.7 | Hoʻohaʻahaʻa | High | Kūpono | Equium-High | AerERPPACE, nā hihia automotive |
| ʻAihue kīwī (Kiola) | 400-800 | 35-50 | ~ 7.8 | Haʻahaʻa loa | Hoʻohaʻahaʻa | Ilihune | High | Kūhae, nā ipu koʻikoʻi |
| Kila kohu ʻole (Kiola) | 500-900 | 15-25 | ~ 7.7-8.0 | Haʻahaʻa loa | Kūpono | Maikaʻi-maikaʻi | Kiʻekiʻe loa (~ 2 × cgi) | Kekau, meaʻai, a me nā mea hana mare |
| MAKENESIM ALLOYS | 150-300 | 70-100 | ~ 1.8 | Hoʻohaʻahaʻa | Loli | Maikaʻi loa | High | Mālama i nā kukui a me nā mea uila |
| Keleawe / keleawe / bronze alloys | 300-500 | 50-100 | ~ 8.4-8.9 | Loli | High | Loli | High | Nā Vilves, Mary Ples, Bussings |
7. Hopena
Compated silctite hao (Cgi) Hāʻawi i ka ikaikaʻoi aku ka ikaika, luhi, a me ka hana hōʻino ma mua o ka hina hina-me kaʻole o ke kumukūʻai o ka hao ductile.
Pono ia e kāohi i ka chemistry, Ke Kahu Nui, a me ka hoʻolālā kūpono kūpono e hōʻoia ai i ka hoʻokumuʻana o Vermicular.
Ua hoʻohana muaʻia i nā pahu mīkini a me nā poʻo cylinder, Hoʻemiʻo CGI i ke kaumaha ma luna o 10% a hoʻomaikaʻi i ke ola momona 30%.
ʻO nā holomua ma Simulation a me ke kaʻina hana e hoʻonui ana i ka hoʻohanaʻana i kona hoʻohanaʻana i nā turbochargers, Nā meakino, a pimps.
Me ka hoʻomaikaʻiʻana i nā mea hana e hana ai a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻaʻana, Ke lilo neiʻo CGI i kahi kumu nui i kēia mau mea, kaʻenehana maikaʻi.
A ʻO kēia, Kū mākou i ka hui pū meʻoe i ka hoʻokuʻuʻana i kēia mau loea holomua e hoʻomaikaʻi i kāu mau hoʻolālā hoʻonohonoho, Koho Koho, Apia hanaa.
Ke hōʻoia nei eʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kāu papahana eʻoi aku i kēlā me kēia hana a me nā mea hoʻokele.
FaqS
No ke aha e hoʻohana aiʻo Sand i ka mea kūʻai aku no CGI?
ʻO ke kūʻaiʻana o Sand Canding he kumukūʻai-kūpono no ka paʻakikī, nui, a me nā'āpana nui-kiʻekiʻe-kiʻekiʻe.
E hele ana i nā mea kūʻai aku a CGI a me nā mea waiwai, nui loa i nā wahi kaʻa a me nā'āpanaʻoihana.
He aha nā noi maʻamau o nā hale kūʻai o CGI?
ʻO nā noi maʻamau e pili ana i nā poloka mīkini diesels, Nā poʻo cylinder, Nā'āpana pale,
ʻO nā hale heʻe, a me nā'āpana'āpana'āpana-kahi kahi a me ka ikaika a me ka ikaika o ke kūpaʻaʻana he koʻikoʻi.
He aha nā mea nui o ke kī o ke kauʻana i ke kaheʻana i ke kīpī photo?
Hāʻawiʻo CGI i ka nui o ka pae kiʻekiʻe, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka paleʻana i ka momona, better heat dissipation, a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka hao ductile i nā kuleana like.
Pehea ka hopena o CGI?
ʻO CGI keʻano o ka Mackie macerinable-ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻopiliʻana ma mua o ka hao hina akāʻoi aku ka maʻalahi ma mua o ka hao ductile. Ua'ōleloʻia nā mea hana kūpono a me nā coundgies i kohoʻia.
ʻO CGI kūpono no nā noi noi kiʻekiʻe?
ʻAe. ʻO kāna microstructure e mālama ana i ka momona a me kaʻoluʻolu, Ke hana maikaʻi nei ia no nā'āpana i hōʻikeʻia i nā ukana o ke Kaiāulu, e like me ka exhaust inifolds a me nā poʻo cylinder.
