ʻO ka ikaika ikaika e pāʻani i kahi hana pivotal i ka hoʻoholoʻana pehea e hana ai kahi mea i lalo o nāʻano likeʻole a me nā kūlana.
Ināʻoe e hoʻolālā ana i kahi hale, he'āpana mīkini, a iʻole heʻano hana, ʻO kaʻike pehea e hana ai kahi waiwai ma lalo o ka ikaika.
Hoʻohanaʻia nāʻanoʻano likeʻole o nā hōʻike hōʻike likeʻole e ana i nāʻanoʻano likeʻole, Aʻo kēlā me kēia hoʻokolohua e lawelawe i kahi kumu kūʻokoʻa.
Ma lalo o nā hōʻike ikaika o ka hana, ke hāpai i ko lākou mau methologies, ʻO nā ana nui, a me na noi noi.
1. Teence Manaʻo
ʻO ka ho'āʻoʻana o Tensile kekahi o nāʻano hana nui loa i hoʻohana nuiʻia no ka loiloiʻana i nā waiwai o nā mea hana, ʻoi loa i ko lākou hiki ke hoʻopaʻaʻia i ka paleʻana a iʻole ka hukiʻana.
Hoʻokomo kēia hōʻike i ka noiʻana i kahi hoʻonui nuiʻana i ka simple simple (ka mea maʻamau e like me ka dumbbell) a hiki mai ana.
Ma ka hoʻopaʻaʻana i ka ukana i kauʻia, Elastic Modulus, ka ikaika, ikaika ikaika, kumaikalua, strain harding properties, Modulus'ōpiopio, a hiki i ka laulā o Poisson ke heluʻia.
Ke hoʻokō nei ka hōʻike i ka hoʻohanaʻana i kahi mīkini ho'āʻoʻo Tensile, kaulana nō hoʻi e like me ka mīkini ho'āʻo honua (UTM).
Ua anaʻia nā hōʻailona nui:
- Ka ikaika: ʻO ke kumu paʻakikī e hoʻomaka ai kahi mea e hoʻomaka ai i ka paleʻana (hui kūndution mau). ʻo kahi laʻana, No ke kila haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ʻO ka ikaika e hāʻawi pinepine ai 250 Mpa.
- ʻO ka ikaika hope loa (Us): ʻO ke kaumaha nui loa e hiki ai i kahi mea e hiki ke hoʻopaʻaʻia ma mua o ka wāwahi.
Kukui Kekuhi, ʻo kahi laʻana, i loaʻa paha i kahi usts mai 400 Mpa i 700 Mpa Ke hilinaʻi nei i ka alloy. - Elastic Modulus (Modulus'ōpiopio): ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike o ke kaumaha i ka strain i loko o ka'āina elastic, e hōʻike ana i nā mea paʻakikī. No ka kila, ʻO ka modulus'ōpio maʻamau 200 GPA.
- Ewangantion: ʻO ka pakeneka o ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka lōʻihi o ka mea ma mua o ka wā e wāwahi ai. Nā mea waiwai me ka elongation kiʻekiʻe, e like me ke kila ductile, hiki iālongate eʻoi aku ma mua o 10% Ma mua o ka hāʻuleʻole.
He mea pono ke hōʻikeʻo Tensile i nā mea i hoʻohanaʻia no nā mea hana i loko o nā mea hana, e like me nā metals, Nā Plasttics, a me nā mea waiwai.
Hāʻawi ia i nāʻikepili koʻikoʻi ma keʻano o nā huahana e hana ai ma lalo o ka luhi i nā noi maoli, mai nā celes i nā ala i nā mea i nā mea i loko o nā mokulele.
2. ʻO ka ho'āʻoʻana
ʻO ka loiloiʻana i ka ho'āʻoʻana i kahi mea e hiki ai i kahi mea hiki ke loaʻa i nā mea e pili ana i nā koina.
He mea kūpono loa ka hōʻike no nā mea brittle, e like me ka pā, Nā Kūlana, a me kekahi metals.
Ma kēia ho'āʻo, Ua kauʻia kahi kiʻi kiʻi i kahi mīkini hoʻokūkū hoʻokūkū, kahi i hoʻopiliʻia ai kahi ukana a hiki i ka hopena o nā mea hana a iʻole.
Ua anaʻia nā hōʻailona nui:
- Ikaika ikaika: ʻO ka ukana nui loa e hiki ai i kahi mea e hiki ke haliʻia ma mua o ka hikiʻoleʻana.
ʻo kahi laʻana, ʻO ka hana maʻamau he ikaika ikaika o ka 20-40 Mpa, ʻOiai eʻoi aku ka nui o ka pā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe 100 Mpa. - Ka ikaika: ʻO ke kumu ma kahi o nā mea nui brittle e hoʻopili i lalo o ka hoʻopiʻiʻana.
Ua kūpono kēia no nā mea e like me nā cemics a iʻole nā hale kūʻai, e wāwahi paha i nā pūʻali haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i hoʻohālikelikeʻia i nā mea dercle.
ʻO ka ho'āʻoʻana i ka ho'āʻoʻana he mea nui loa ka hanaʻana i ke kūkuluʻana a me kaʻenehanaʻenehana, kahi e like me nā mea e like me nā colurre a me nā kolamu keleawe e hoʻolālāʻia e kākoʻo i nā ukana koʻikoʻi.
Mālama kēia hōʻike i kēlā mau mea e hiki ke hāpai i nā mea koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi.
3. ʻO ka ho'āʻo loa ka palekana
ʻO ka hoʻokolohuaʻoi aku ka koʻikoʻi no nā mea i kauʻia i nā mea i kauʻia a iʻole nā ukana hou, e like me nā mea i loaʻa ma ka mīkini, nā'āpana automotive, a me nā mokulele.
Hiki i nā mea ke hoʻopau pinepine i nā pae kiʻekiʻe o ke kaumaha akā hikiʻole ke hoʻopau i lalo o nā hana hou a me ka laweʻana.
I kahi hoʻokolohua momona, Hoʻopiliʻia kahi mea i nā mea hou i nāʻano o ke kaumaha a hiki i ka hopena.
ʻO ka hōʻike hōʻike i nā kūlana maoli-honua, Ma kahi e kauʻia ai nā'āpana i nā fluctuations i ka ukana ma luna o ka manawa, e like me nā'āpanaʻenehana i loko o kahi kaʻa a iʻole nā pahu pahu paha i kahi mokulele mokulele.
Ua anaʻia nā hōʻailona nui:
- Ka ikaika momona: ʻO ke kaumaha nui loa i hiki i kahi mea e hiki ke hoʻomau i kahi helu i hāʻawiʻia ma mua o ka hāʻuleʻole.
ʻo kahi laʻana, ʻO nā mea kila kila ma nā wahi kaʻa paha e loaʻa i kahi ikaika momona o ka puni a puni 250 Mpa. - S-n curve (Kaumaha vs. Ka helu o nāʻano): ʻO kēia kāpili e pili ana i ka pilina ma waena o ke kaumaha a me ka helu o nā mea hana i hiki keʻoi aku ma mua o ka hāʻuleʻole.
Nā mea like e like me nā mea hana matchnium eʻikeʻia no ka loaʻaʻana o ka ikaika momona kiʻekiʻe, Ke hana nei lākou i kūpono no nā noi aerospace.
ʻO keʻano o ka loaʻaʻana o ka momona ma nā pūnaewele kahi e loaʻa ai nā mea i loaʻa i nā pilikia cyclical, e komo pū me Automotive, AerERPPACE, a hana 'ana, Ma kahi e pono ai nā'āpana e hoʻomanawanui i nā miliona o nā neʻeʻana i nāʻano.
4. Hōʻike hōʻike
ʻO ka hōʻikeʻana i ka hōʻikeʻana i kahi mea hiki ke loaʻa i kahi mea kūpono e like me ke kiʻi a iʻole nā pūʻali koa. Hoʻopaʻaʻia ka waihona ma kahi hoʻokahi, a ua hoʻopiliʻia kahi maʻi i kēlāʻaoʻao, e kumu ana i ka twist.
Hāʻawi kēia hōʻike i kaʻike i ka ikaika o ka ikaika, Nā hiʻohiʻona hemahema nāʻano hoʻohui, a pane aku i nā kaumaha paʻakikī.
Ua anaʻia nā hōʻailona nui:
- Ka ikaika: ʻO ka mea hiki ke pale i ka paleʻana i nā pūʻali koa. ʻo kahi laʻana, ʻO ka Steel maʻamau kahi ikaika o ka ikaika o ka puni 300 Mpa, ʻOiai e like me nā mea e like me Aluminim paha he mau ikaika kiʻekiʻe.
- Kahuawa Model: Ke kūʻana o ka mea i loko o ka twisting, ʻO ka mea kōkua e hoʻoholo ai i ka hopena o ka nui o nā mea i hoʻohanaʻia i nā mea i hoʻohanaʻia e like me nā'āpana.
- Hana kīleʻa: Ke kiʻekiʻe o ka twisting a iʻole ka deformation ma mua o ka wā e wāwahi ai nā mea.
ʻO nā mea likeʻole e like me keʻano nui ma mua o ka hāʻuleʻole, ʻOiaiʻo Brikle nā mea i hiki kokeʻole ma hope o ka nui o ka deformation.
He mea nui keʻano o ka ho'āʻoʻana no ka loiloiʻana i nā mea loiloi e like me nā'āpana likeʻole, nā bolts, a me nā paila e loaʻa ana i nā mea hao rotational ma nā mīkini, aitompetitive, a me nā noi a Aerospace.
5. ʻO ka wā e ho'āʻo aiʻo Nick
ʻO Nick Break e ho'āʻo nei he hōʻike hōʻike kūikawā kūikawā e hoʻohana muaʻia e loiloi i ka ikaika o nā hui paʻaʻole.
Ua hanaʻia kahi leka uila liʻiliʻi ma ka'āina, a laila uaʻehaʻia ka simple me kahi ikaika hopena.
Ke hele pinepine nei ka fracture ma ka hui pūʻana a me ke ala e hiki ai i keʻano o nā mea hana ke hōʻike i ka maikaʻi o ka weld.
Ua anaʻia nā hōʻailona nui:
- ʻO ka ikaika: ʻO kēia mau ana i ka hiki o ka hui pūʻia e pale i ka paleʻana ma lalo o ka hopena. E hōʻikeʻia nā pale ikaika i ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a me ka nui o ka ikehu ikaika loa.
- Hopena paʻakikī: ʻO ka hiki ke loaʻa i ka mea e hoʻopili ai i ka ikehu ma mua o ka pauʻole. ʻO nā mea waiwai me ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe e pale aku i nā brittle frittle i nā kūlana harsh.
He mea nui kēia hōʻike no nāʻoihana e hilinaʻi nei i ka hanaʻana no ka hanaʻana no keʻano kūpono, e like me ka schoolbuilding, kūkulu hoʻi, a me ka hana pilaka.
6. Hōʻike Manaʻo
ʻO ka loiloi loiloi e loiloi ana i keʻano he hana pono ma lalo o kahi ukana mau ma luna o kahi manawa lōʻihi, nui ma nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe.
No nā mea i hōʻikeʻia i nā kaumaha lōʻihi, e like me nā mea hana mana a iʻole nā mīkini aerospace, ʻO ka hoʻomaopopoʻana i ka hana curp.
I ka wā o ka hōʻike, ʻO kahi mea i kauʻia e ke kaumaha mau i ka mahana kiʻekiʻe, a me ka nui o ka hauoli (hoka) ua anaʻia ma mua o ka manawa.
Ua anaʻia nā hōʻailona nui:
- Ka helu Creep: ʻO ka helu ma kahi o nā mea e pono ai ma lalo o ke kaumaha ma mua o ka manawa. Nā mea e like me nā mea e like me nā mea e hoʻohana pinepineʻia ma nā mīkini jet e like me nā kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e hōʻoia i ka hana kiʻekiʻe.
- Ikaika ikaika: ʻO ka mea hiki i ka waiwai ke pale aku i ka deformation ma lalo o ke kaumaha i ke kaumaha ma nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe.
- ʻO ka manawa-keʻano-hoʻololi-hoʻololi (Ttt) Lihue: Hōʻike kēia curve pehea pehea e pau ai ka mahana a me ka manawa e pili ana i ka helu o ka creep.
He mea nui loa nā hōʻike hoʻokolohua creep i nā noi noi kiʻekiʻe e like me nā trubines, Nā mīkini kākau, a me nā mea hana, Ma kahi e pono ai nā mea e pono ai i nāʻano o nā mea lapaʻau a me nā mechanical a me kaʻole o ka hāʻuleʻole.
Hopena
ʻO kēia mau hōʻike hōʻike ukuʻeono - Tensele, Kāha, Kaluhi, LARAINA, 'Ōpala, a me ka creep - e hāʻawi i nā meaʻike maikaʻi i keʻano o nā mea e hana ma lalo o nāʻano likeʻole.
Mālama kēlā me kēia hoʻokolohua i kahi kumu kūʻokoʻa, Inā e nānā ana i ke kū'ēʻana i kahi pale o keʻano, kaulike, cyclic Stress, twists, a iʻole ka hoʻonaninani kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe.
Ma ka hoʻomaopopoʻana i nā ikaika a me nā nāwaliwali o nā mea i loko o kēia mau hoʻokolohua, Hiki i nā mīkini ke hana i nā hoʻoholo iʻikeʻia i ka wā e koho ai i nā mea e koho ai i nā noi no nā noi kiko'ī.
Hōʻoia i ka palekana, durability, a me ka hilinaʻi ma waena o nāʻoihana o nāʻoihana.
Pehea e kauoha ai i nā huahana mai ka deze?
No ka hōʻoia pono i ka hoʻoponopono ponoʻana a me ka hana, Manaʻo mākou e hāʻawi i nā kiʻi kiko'ī o nā huahana i koiʻia.
Hanaʻia kā mākou hui me nā lako polokalamu e like me nā mea paʻa a me ka AutoCad, a hiki iā mākou keʻae i nā faila ma nā papa inoa aʻe: Igs, 'Lelo, E like me nā kiʻi kiʻi a me nā PDF a me PDF no ka loiloi houʻana.
Ināʻaʻoleʻoe e koho i nā kiʻi i mākaukau a iʻole nā hoʻolālā, E hoʻouna wale iā mākou i nā kiʻi e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā kiʻi me nā'āpana nui a me ke kaupaonaʻana o ka waiwai o ka huahana.
E kōkua kā mākou hui iāʻoe i ka hoʻokumuʻana i nā faila hoʻolālā e hoʻohana ana i kā mākou polokalamu.
HE MAU NUI, Hiki iāʻoe ke hoʻouna iā mākou i kahiʻano pilikino o ka huahana. Hāʻawi mākou i nā lawelawe 3D 3D e hana i nā hoʻolālā kūpono mai kēia mau hiʻohiʻona.
Hāʻawiʻia kēia lawelawe i ka manuahi, A hauʻoli mākou e kākoʻo iāʻoe i keʻano o ke kaʻina e hōʻoia ai i nā hopena maikaʻi loa.
ʻO nā mea āu e pono ai, e ʻoluʻolu kāhea iā mā˚ou.
