Liulaala ʻo ia kekahi o nā metala ʻenekinia koʻikoʻi, a ʻo kona mānoanoa kekahi o nā ʻenehana waiwai mua e kūkākūkā ai i ka wā e loiloi ai no ka hoʻolālā ʻana, hana ai.uk, a me ke pani waiwai.
I ka lumi lumi, hāʻawi pinepine ʻia ka nui o ke keleawe e like me e pili ana 8.94 i 8.96 g / cm³, ua like ia me ka roughly 8,940 i 8,960 kg / m³.
I nā hua'ōlelo kūpono, ʻo ia ka mea e hana ai ke keleawe i metala kaumaha: ʻoi aku ka ʻoi loa ma mua o ka alumini, ʻoi aku ka ʻoi aku o ke kila, a ʻoi aku ke kaumaha ma mua o ka nui o nā metala māmā.
Loaʻa i kēia mānoanoa nā hopena pololei. Pili ia i ke kaumaha hapa, Uku kālā, hoʻolālā kūkulu kākoʻo, inertia i nā ʻōnaehana neʻe, a me ka hiki ke hoʻololi i ke keleawe me kekahi mea ʻē aʻe.
I ka manawa like, He mea nui ke keleawe no ka mea, hele mai kona mānoanoa me kahi pūʻolo waiwai waiwai: ʻO ka hana uila uila maikaʻi, ke alakaʻiʻana i ka thermal, ʻO ke kū'ēʻana o ka corrossion maikaʻi, a me ka hana hilinaʻi i nā kaiapuni koi.
E hoʻomaopopo pono i ke keleawe, ʻaʻole lawa ka hoʻopaʻanaʻau i kahi helu hoʻokahi.
Pono ʻoe e ʻike i ke ʻano o ka density, no ke aha e loli iki ai ka waiwai me ka mahana a me ka maʻemaʻe, pehea ke keleawe e hoʻohālikelike ai me nā metala a me nā mea pili, a no ke aha e koho mau ai ka poʻe ʻenekinia i ke keleawe ʻoiai ke kaumaha kona kaumaha.
1. He aha ke ʻano o ka Density?
Hōʻike ka Density i ka nui o ka nuipaʻa i hoʻopili ʻia i loko o kahi leo i hāʻawi ʻia. He maʻalahi ka pilina kumu:
ʻAiʻa = Mass ÷ Volume
Inā like ka nui o nā mea ʻelua akā ʻoi aku ka paʻa o kekahi, ʻoi aku ke kaumaha o ka mea ʻoi aku ke kaumaha. ʻO ia ke kumu he mea nui ka density i ka hoʻolālā a me ka hana ʻana.
Hōʻike ia i ke kaumaha o kahi ʻāpana ma mua o ka hana ʻana, ʻehia ka nui o nā mea e pono ai kahi ʻāpana, a pehea e hana ai kekahi mea ke koʻikoʻi ka nuipaʻa.
Hōʻike pinepine ʻia ka Density i kekahi o kēia mau ʻāpana:
- g / cm³
- kg / m³
- lb / in³
No nā metals, He waiwai koʻikoʻi ka density no ka mea kōkua ia i ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā koho waiwai i nā hopena ʻenekinia kūpono.
Hiki ke hāʻawi i kahi mea paʻa i nā pono hana, akā hiki iā ia ke hana i nā pilikia i nā ʻōnaehana paona.
2. ʻO ka mānoanoa o ke keleawe maʻemaʻe
No ka hapa nui o ka ʻenehana, ʻO ka mānoanoa o ke keleawe ma ka lumi wela e mālamaʻia e like me:
| Waiwai | Waiwai maʻamau |
| ʻO ke keleawe | 8.94–8.96 g/cm³ |
| ʻO ke keleawe | 8,940–8,960 kg/m³ |
| ʻO ke keleawe | 0.323–0.324 lb/in³ |
He mea maʻamau kēlā laula liʻiliʻi. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā haʻawina like ʻole i nā mahana like ʻole, ana kuikahi, a i ʻole nā hana pōʻai.
Ma ka hana hoʻolālā maoli, ʻAʻole koʻikoʻi kēia mau ʻokoʻa ke ʻole ka paʻakikī o ka noi i ke kaumaha a i ʻole ka leo.
3. No ke aha i kaumaha ai ke keleawe
Pīhoihoi pinepine ke keleawe i ka poʻe no ka mea hiki i kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi ke kaumaha ma mua o ka nānā ʻana. Hele pololei mai kēlā manaʻo mai kona kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe.
I ka lumi lumi, ʻO ke keleawe ka mānoanoa o kahi 8.94–8.96 g/cm³
He pololei ka wehewehe: paʻa paʻa nā ʻātoma keleawe a ʻano nui ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā metala ʻenekinia maʻamau.
No ka mea, ua like ka like me ka nuipa a puunaueia e ka leo, ʻoi aku ka kaumaha o kahi mea me ka nuipaʻa ma ka lumi like.
Aia ke keleawe ma ia ʻano, ʻo ia ke kumu e hiki ai i nā ʻāpana compact ke loaʻa ke kaumaha nui.
He mea nui ia i nā noi maoli. He pahu kaʻa keleawe, mea hoʻohui, huhū, a i ʻole mea hoʻololi wela hiki ke hāʻawi i ka hana maikaʻi loa, akā e hoʻohui pū ʻia ka nuipaʻa ma mua o kahi ʻāpana alumini like.
I nā ʻōnaehana i helu ʻia kēlā me kēia kilokani, lilo ka mānoanoa i kaohi hoʻolālā ma mua o ka ʻoiaʻiʻo.
4. ʻO ke keleawe Density Versus Copper Alloys
Aia ma lalo kahi hoʻohālikelike i hoʻonui ʻia me nā helu keleawe maʻamau a me ke keleawe-alloy UNS.
Hōʻike ʻia nā kumukūʻai paʻa ma kg / m³, lb / in³, a g / cm³ no ka hōʻike ʻenehana kūpono; ʻO nā kiʻi kg/m³ he hoʻololi pōʻai ʻia o ka ʻikepili hoʻopaʻa wela lumi i paʻi ʻia.
| Waiwai | Helu helu | Mea maʻamau (g / cm³) | Mea maʻamau (kg / m³) | Mea maʻamau (lb / in³) | Nā memo maʻamau |
| ʻO ka keleawe uila oxygen-free | C10100 | 8.94 | 8,940 | 0.323 | ʻO ke keleawe maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe loa me ka mānoanoa ma ka laulā keleawe maʻamau. |
| Ke keleawe-Deoxidized Phosphorus | C12200 | 8.94 | 8,940 | 0.323 | Copper me ka like loa me ke keleawe maʻemaʻe, hoʻohana mau ʻia i ka paipu a me nā noi paipu. |
| Keleawe cretridge | C26000 | 8.53 | 8,530 | 0.308 | ʻOi aku ka māmā ma mua o ke keleawe maʻemaʻe; he keleawe hana maʻamau. |
| Hiila mele | C27000 | 8.47 | 8,480 | 0.306 | ʻOi aku ka māmā ma mua o C26000, i loko nō o ka ʻohana keleawe. |
ʻO Muntz Metal / ʻOhana keleawe |
C28000 | 8.39 | 8,390 | 0.303 | ʻO kahi papa keleawe haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e pili ana i ke keleawe maʻemaʻe. |
| Phosphor Bronze | C51000 | 8.86 | 8,860 | 0.320 | Kokoke i ke keleawe i ka nui, me ka pūnāwai ikaika a me ka hana ʻaʻahu. |
| Phosphor Bronze | C52100 | 8.80 | 8,800 | 0.318 | ʻOi aku ka māmā ma mua o ke keleawe maʻemaʻe, hoʻohana nui ʻia no ka ʻaʻahu a me ka pale ʻana i ka luhi. |
| Alakaʻi i ka bronphor bron | C54400 | 8.86 | 8,860 | 0.320 | Noho kokoke ka Density i ke keleawe; hoʻohana ʻia kahi mea nui ka machinability a me ka hana ʻana. |
ʻAi keleawe-Nikeli |
C70600 | 8.94 | 8,940 | 0.323 | ʻAno kokoke i ke keleawe; waiwai no ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka lawelawe kai. |
| Ke lawe nei i ka bronze | C93200 | 8.91 | 8,910 | 0.322 | Kokoke loa i ke keleawe ma ka nui; mea maʻamau i nā bearings a me nā bushings. |
| Ailunimina bronze | C95200 | 7.64 | 7,640 | 0.276 | ʻOi aku ka māmā ma mua o ke keleawe maʻemaʻe, me ka ʻaʻahu ikaika a me ka hana corrosion. |
| Ailunimina bronze | C95400 | 7.45 | 7,450 | 0.269 | He keleawe alumini i hoʻohana nui ʻia me ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ke kūpaʻa corrosion maikaʻi. |
Bronze Aluminum Nikela |
C95500 | 7.53 | 7,530 | 0.272 | E like me nā keleawe alumini ʻē aʻe, me ka hana moana maikai loa. |
| Mangnese i chin | C86300 | 7.83 | 7,830 | 0.283 | ʻOi aku ka māmā ma mua o ke keleawe maʻemaʻe, akā ikaika no nā ʻāpana kaumaha. |
| Ailunimina bronze | C60600 | 8.17 | 8,170 | 0.295 | ʻOi aku ka māmā ma mua o ke keleawe, me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka hapa nui o ke keleawe a me ke keleawe. |
| Tin keleawe | C81500 | 8.82 | 8,820 | 0.319 | Kokoke i ke keleawe i ka nui, ʻoiai e hāʻawi ana i kahi koena waiwai ʻano keleawe. |
5. No ke aha he mea nui ka paʻa keleawe i ka hana ʻenekinia maoli
Hoʻopili ka nui o ke keleawe i nā hoʻoholo hoʻolālā ma nā ʻano he nui.
Ka helu nui
Hoʻohana nā ʻenekinia i ka density no ka helu ʻana i ke kaupaona ʻāpana mai ke geometry.
Inā ʻike ʻia ka leo o kahi ʻāpana keleawe, hiki i nā mea hoʻolālā ke koho i ka nuipaʻa ma ke kaʻina hana hoʻolālā a hoʻohālikelike me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ia ka mea e hoʻohālikelike ai i ka density i nā helu mechanical a me ka hana ʻana.
Pani waiwai
Ke makemake ka hoʻolālā i ke kaumaha haʻahaʻa, Hoʻohālikelike pinepine nā mea ʻenekinia i ke keleawe me ka alumini a i ʻole nā mea hoʻohui māmā.
No ka mea, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke keleawe ma mua o ʻekolu manawa e like me ka alumini, hiki i ka hoʻololi ke hoʻemi nui i ka nuipaʻa.
Hōʻike ka ʻokoʻa i nā waiwai kuhikuhi o NIST: 8.96 g/mL no ke keleawe kū'ē 2.70 g/mL no ka alumini.
Lako wela a me ka uila
Hoʻohana nui ʻia ke keleawe i nā ʻōnaehana uila no ka mea hoʻohui ia i ka conductivity maikaʻi loa me kahi mea hoʻohālikelike compact.
ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka māmā o kona paʻa, akā kōkua ia i ka wehewehe ʻana i ke kumu o ka maikaʻi o nā ʻāpana keleawe ke kaupalena ʻia ka wahi a koi ʻia ka conductivity kiʻekiʻe.
Hoʻomaopopo ʻo Britannica i ke keleawe ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokele maikaʻi ʻole o ka uila a me ka wela, ʻo ia kahi o ke kumu e hoʻomau ai nā ʻenekinia i kāna hoʻopaʻi paona ma nā noi he nui.
ʻO ka hoʻouna ʻana a me ka logistic
I ka hana ana, pili ka nui i ka uku ukana, hana mālamaʻia, a me ka hoʻolālā mālama. He liʻiliʻi paha ke ʻano o ka huahana keleawe, akā, hiki i kona kaumaha ke pili i kona nui.
Pili loa ia no nā kaula, Nā BaRS, tuku, a me nā mea mīkini i kūʻai ʻia e ka lōʻihi a i ʻole ka leo.
6. He aha ka mea e hoʻopili ai i ka Density o Copper?
ʻAʻole hoʻopaʻa paʻa ʻia ka nui keleawe ma lalo o kēlā me kēia kūlana. Hoʻopili kekahi mau mea i ka waiwai pololei.
Keka ao
E like me ka mahana o ke keleawe, hoonui iki. Piʻi ka leo, ʻoiai e mau ana ka nuipaʻa, no laila ke emi nei ka mānoanoa.
Hoʻopaʻa ʻo NIST i ka coefficient hoʻonui wela wela o ke keleawe ma 16.66 × 10⁻⁶/K a 295 K, e hōʻike ana e hoʻonui nui ʻia ke keleawe me ka mahana.
Hōʻike pū nā papa ʻaina Copper Development Association i nā waiwai kino pili i ka wela no ke keleawe, e hoʻoikaika ana i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo e wehewehe mau ʻia ka density me kahi kuhikuhi wela.
ʻO Menu ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe
ʻO ke keleawe maʻemaʻe a me ke keleawe me nā haumia ʻaʻole i like ka nui o ka like. Hiki i nā ʻokoʻa liʻiliʻi o ka haku mele ke hoʻololi iki i ka pilina mass-to-volume.
ʻO ia ke kumu e hōʻike pinepine ai nā ʻikepili i "ke keleawe maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe,"" electrolytic copper,” a i ʻole he papa i wehewehe ʻia ma mua o ka manaʻo ʻana he like kēlā me kēia huahana keleawe.
Ka hana ʻana a me ke kūkulu ʻana
I ke keleawe hana nui, pono e noho kokoke ka nui i anaia me ka waiwai kuhikuhi. Akā naʻe,, Potiwale, nā hakahaka, a i ʻole nā hemahema o ka hana ʻana, hiki ke hōʻemi i ka nui o ka nui o kahi ʻāpana i hoʻopau ʻia.
I nā'ōlelo'ē aʻe, Hiki ke emi iki ka ʻeleʻele maoli ma mua o ke keleawe maikaʻi inā loaʻa nā ʻokiʻoki i loko.
He mea nui ia i nā ʻāpana hoʻolei a i ʻole ka pauda. E hahai pololei ana kēia helu mai ke ana ʻana o ka density i nā mea maoli: ʻO ka nui i loaʻa nā lua e hāʻawi liʻiliʻi i ka nuipaʻa ma mua o ka metala paʻa loa.
AliLila
I ka manawa e hui pū ʻia ai ke keleawe me nā mea ʻē aʻe, hoʻololi ka paʻa. Keihei, bronze, a ʻoi aku paha ka māmā a i ʻole ke kaumaha o nā ʻāpana keleawe kūikawā ma mua o ke keleawe maʻemaʻe ma muli o kā lākou haku mele ʻana.
7. Nā ʻano maʻamau no ke ana ʻana i ka nui keleawe
ʻO ke ana paʻa pono o ke keleawe a me ke keleawe e hahai ai i nā kūlana ʻenehana a me ka ʻepekema honua, hōʻoia i ka paʻa a me ka hilinaʻi:
- Kumukānāwai o Archimedes (ASTM B311): ʻO ke ala maʻamau no nā ʻāpana keleawe paʻa - ke ana ʻana i ka nuipa o ka ea a me ka nuipaʻa i loko o ka wai i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia e helu i ka nui a me ka nui..
Hoʻohana ʻia no nā pā, Nā'āpana, ʻāpana mīkini, a me ka hoolei ana. - ʻO ke ʻano Pycnometer: No ka pauda keleawe, granules, a i ʻole nā laʻana porous, ana i ka leo ma o ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana i ka wai i loko o kahi pycnometer calibrated.
- Pycnometry kinoea: Ana ʻepekema kiʻekiʻe no nā laʻana keleawe ultra-maʻemaʻe, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kinoea helium e hoʻoholo i ka leo ʻoiaʻiʻo me ±0.001 g/cm³ pololei.
- ʻO ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka mānoanoa nui: No nā ʻāpana porous keleawe a pauda paha, ana i ka nuipa a me ka leo geometric no ka helu ʻana i ka mānoanoa nui.
Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā ana ʻoihana āpau i 20 ° C e hoʻopau i nā hewa i hoʻoiho ʻia i ka mahana.
8. Kahi i mea nui ai ka Density Copper
He hana kūpono ka paʻa o Copper ma nā ʻoihana he nui.
ʻenehana uila
Hoʻohana nui ʻia ke keleawe i nā uea, Nā pahu kaʻa, Nā Kākoʻo, Nā'ee, a me nā mea hoʻololi. He mea waiwai kona conductivity, ʻoiai e pili ana kona mānoanoa i ka hoʻolālā pā a me ke kākoʻo hoʻolālā.
Pūnaehana wela
Nā mea hana wela, radiators, a ʻo nā mea hoʻoluʻu e hilinaʻi pinepine i ke keleawe no ka mea e hoʻoili pono i ka wela. He mea nui ka Density no ka mea pono e kaulike kēia mau ʻōnaehana i ka hana wela me ka nuipaʻa.
Hana mīkini
Nā ʻāpana keleawe i hana ʻia, KahawaiOli, a ʻo ka paipu e pono ai ka ʻike kikoʻī pololei no ke kumukūʻai, hana mālamaʻia, a me ka hoʻolālā hui.
ʻO ka halihali a me ka lewa
Hoʻomaʻamaʻa pinepine nā ʻoihana paona i ke keleawe no ka mea hiki ke hoʻonui koke i ka nui o ka ʻōnaehana. Hiki i nā ʻenekinia ke koho i nā mea māmā kahi e ʻae ai nā koi conductivity.
Pūnaehana mana a me ka ikehu
He mea nui ke keleawe i nā transformers, Nā lawehala, a me nā ʻōnaehana uila no ka mea ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hana ma mua o ke kaumaha wale nō.
9. ʻO nā manaʻo kuhihewa maʻamau e pili ana i ka Density Copper
"ʻO ka nui keleawe hoʻokahi helu paʻa."
ʻAʻole loa. Hoʻololi iki ka waiwai me ka mahana, ʻo Menu ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe, a me ke ana ana.
"ʻO nā mea hana keleawe a pau i ka like like."
Wahahee. Keihei, bronze, a hiki ke ʻokoʻa nā ʻāpana keleawe kūikawā.
"Haʻi ʻo Density iā ʻoe i nā mea āpau e pili ana i kahi mea."
ʻAʻole ia. He mea nui ka mānoanoa, akā, conductivity, ikaika, Ke kū'ē neiʻo Corrosionion, hana luhi, a he koʻikoʻi nō hoʻi ke kumukūʻai.
"ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o kahi mea paʻa."
ʻAʻole pono. I nā ʻōnaehana māmā, hiki i ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe ke lilo i mea pōʻino ʻoiai ke hana maikaʻi ka mea ma nā ʻano ʻē aʻe.
10. No ke aha e hoʻohana mau ai nā ʻenekinia i ke keleawe ʻoiai ʻo kona ʻano nui
Paʻa ke keleawe, akā, e mau ana ia i kekahi o nā metala waiwai loa i ka ʻenekinia. ʻO ke kumu ke kaulike.
ʻAe pinepine nā ʻenekinia i ka hoʻopaʻi paona no ka mea hāʻawi ke keleawe i kahi hui like ʻole o nā waiwai:
- ʻO ka hana uila uila maikaʻi
- ʻO ka hoʻokele maikaʻi loa
- ʻO ke kū'ēʻana o ka corrossion maikaʻi
- hōʻoia i ka lōʻihi
- ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻoihana ikaika
- ka hui pololei a me ka hana ʻana i nā noi he nui
I ka pōkole, ʻaʻole koho ʻia ke keleawe no ka mea he māmā. Ua koho ʻia no ka mea ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana ʻana inā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka conductivity a me ka hilinaʻi ma mua o ka nuipaʻa.
11. Hoʻohālikelike Hoʻohālikelike: Coper vs. Nā metals maʻamau
| Mea meta | Mea maʻamau (g / cm³) | Mea maʻamau (kg / m³) | Mea maʻamau (lb / in³) | Pili i ke keleawe | Nā moʻolelo |
| Liulaala | 8.96 | 8,960 | 0.324 | Kumukumu | Huakai, ʻO ka hana maikaʻi loa, a hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā noi uila a me ka wela. |
| Aluminum | 2.70 | 2,700 | 0.098 | ʻOi aku ka māmā | ʻO kahi pani māmā maʻamau inā he mea nui ka hoʻemi nui. |
| Magnesum | 1.74 | 1,740 | 0.063 | ʻOi aku ka māmā | ʻO kekahi o nā metala māmā loa i hoʻohana mau ʻia. |
| Kukui Kekuhi (ʻaihue kīwī) | 7.85 | 7,850 | 0.284 | Māmā iki | Kokoke i ke keleawe i ka manaʻo piha, akā naʻe ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia ka liʻiliʻi. |
Kila kohu ʻole 304 |
8.00 | 8,000 | 0.289 | Māmā iki | Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kahi e pono ai ke kūpaʻa corrosion me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. |
| 'Eron | 7.87 | 7,870 | 0.284 | Māmā iki | ʻO ke kumu metala no ke kila, me ka mānoanoa ma lalo pono o ke keleawe. |
| Titanium | 4.51 | 4,510 | 0.163 | ʻOi aku ka māmā | Paʻa-i-kaumaha kūpono, ʻoi aku ma ka aerospace a me ka hoʻohana olakino. |
| Nickel | 8.90 | 8,900 | 0.322 | Māmā iki | Kokoke i ke keleawe i ka nui, hoʻohana pinepineʻia i nā'āpana hana kiʻekiʻe. |
Zinc |
7.14 | 7,140 | 0.258 | Māmā | Mea maʻamau i ka galvanizing a me ka make-casting alloys. |
| Alakaʻi | 11.34 | 11,340 | 0.410 | ʻoi aku ke kaumaha | ʻOi aku ka ʻeleʻele ma mua o ke keleawe, aka, emi loa ka pono ma ke ano. |
| Dala | 10.49 | 10,490 | 0.379 | Kaumaha | ʻOi aku ka nui ma mua o ke keleawe a ʻoi aku ke kumukūʻai, ʻoiai he conductive nui. |
| Gula | 19.30 | 19,300 | 0.698 | ʻoi aku ke kaumaha | Paʻa loa a hoʻohana nui ʻia ma kahi o ke kumu kūʻai a me ke kūpaʻa kemika. |
12. Hopena
Lawe ʻia ka mānoanoa o ke keleawe e like me ma kahi o 8.94–8.96 g/cm³ ma ka wela lumi. Hoʻokomo kēlā waiwai i ke keleawe i waena o nā metala ʻenehana maʻamau, ma luna o ka alumini a ma luna iki o ke kila kuhiliʻole.
Mai kahi hananaʻenehana, He mea nui ka paʻa o ke keleawe no ka mea e pili ana i ka nuipaʻa, logistics, nā koho pani, And sorctuff hoʻolālā.
ʻAʻole naʻe ʻo ka density wale nō e haʻi i ka moʻolelo holoʻokoʻa. Pono mau ke keleawe no ka mea e hui pū ana ia me ke koʻikoʻi kiʻekiʻe me ka conductivity uila a me ka wela, Ke kū'ē neiʻo Corrososion ikaika, a me nā kaulahao hoʻolako ʻoihana makua.
