Ua lilo ka papa ʻaina kila i mea pono ʻole o ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā.
Mai nā pahi kīhini a me nā ʻōpala a i nā mea kuke, lawelawe kīʻaha, a me nā ipu thermos, hāʻawi ʻia ke kila kila i kahi hui kūʻokoʻa o ka lōʻihi, Hingiene, a me nā mea hoʻopiʻi Aesthetic.
ʻO kona hoʻolaha nui ʻia ʻana ma muli o kona kaulana ʻana he mea "stainless" - kahi mea e kūʻē i ka ʻōpala a me ka pala..
Akā naʻe,, ʻoiai kona inoa, ʻAʻole pale loa ke kila kila i ka ʻino. Ma lalo o kekahi mau kūlana, hiki ke ino, lua, a i ʻole ka ʻōpala, e hoʻopili ana i ka nānā ʻana a me ka palekana o ka meaʻai.
ʻO ka huaʻōlelo "stainless" e pili ana i ka hiki o ka alloy ke pale aku i ka ʻili a me ka ʻino i ka hapa nui o nā kaiapuni o kēlā me kēia lā., mahalo i kahi lahilahi, ike ole ia, a me ka hoʻoponopono pono ʻana i ka chromium oxide layer.
Eia naʻe, hiki ke hoʻopōʻino a hoʻopilikia ʻia paha kēia ʻāpana pale e nā kemika koʻikoʻi, abrasion mechanical, a me ka malama pono ole.
ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka ʻepekema ma hope o ka corrosion a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano palekana kūpono e pono ai e hōʻoia i ka lōʻihi a me ka palekana o ka papa ʻaina kila..
1. No ke aha e pale ai i ka ʻino?
ʻO ke kuleana o Chromium ma ke kila kila
ʻO ka maikaʻi o ka corrosion kū'ē o kila kohu ʻole hele mai ka nui mai ke alo o ka chromium (Cr).
ʻO ke kila kalapona maʻamau ka mea nui o ka hao a me ke kalapona. Ke ʻike ʻia i ka oxygen a me ka wai, hana maʻalahi ka hao me ke kaiapuni e hana i nā mea hao hao, ʻike nui ʻia ʻo rust.
Hoʻopau mau kēia kaʻina hana ʻino i ka metala no ka mea ua hemo ka ʻōpala, porous, a hiki ʻole ke hoʻomalu i ka mea i lalo.
He ʻokoʻa ke ʻano o ke kila kila ma muli o ka lawa o ka chromium, maʻamau ma kahi o 10.5% chromium ma ke kaumaha e like me ka wehewehe ʻana o ke kila kila.
I ka wā e hana ai ka chromium me ka oxygen i ke kaiapuni, ʻo ia kahi ʻāpana lahilahi loa o ka chromium oxide (Cr₂o₃) Ke Kuhi.
He mau nanometer ka mānoanoa o kēia kiʻi ʻoniʻoni passive, akā hāʻawi ia i ka pale ikaika.
He mau hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi ko ka chromium oxide film:
- ʻO ke ʻano oioi loa
- Pili ikaika i ka ʻili metala
- Paʻa kemika
- Hiki ke hoʻoponopono iā ia iho ma hope o ka pōʻino liʻiliʻi
Kapa ʻia kēia hanana hoʻolauna.
Hana ʻia ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni e like me kahi pale pale ʻike ʻole, ka pale ʻana i ka oxygen, wai, nā iona chloride, a me nā mea ʻino ʻē aʻe mai ka hoʻouka ʻana i ka hale metala o loko.
Ka Mechanism Hoola Ponoi
ʻO kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi loa o ke kila kila ke ho'ōla nei waiwai.
Inā ʻoki ʻia ka papa passive, abraded, a i ʻole i pōʻino kūloko, ʻO ka chromium i hōʻike ʻia me ka oxygen i ka lewa a i ʻole ka puni honua e hoʻoponopono i ka ʻāpana pale oxide.
Hiki koke kēia hana hou i nā kūlana lewa maʻamau, hāʻawi ʻia kēlā:
- Loaʻa ka oxygen.
- ʻAʻole ʻino loa ke kaiapuni.
- ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻoponopono ʻia ka papa passive.
ʻIke nui: ʻO ke ʻano hana hoʻōla ponoʻī ke kumu e hiki ai i ka papa ʻaina stainless steel ke noho ʻole i ka corrosion ʻoiai me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēlā me kēia lā a me ka holoi ʻana.
2. Nā Papa Kūleʻa Kūleʻa i hoʻohana mau ʻia no nā lako pākaukau
ʻAʻole kūpono nā māka kila kuhili ʻole a pau no nā lako papa ʻaina.
ʻOiai ʻo ke kila kila ma ke ʻano he ʻohana waiwai e hāʻawi maikaʻi i ke kūpaʻa corrosion, ʻokoʻa nā māka like ʻole i nā ʻokoʻa koʻikoʻi i ka haku mele, Hanaʻia nā hana Corrosionion, Nā Pīkuhi Propertinies, Kālā, a kūpono no nā kaiapuni pili i ka meaʻai.
Hana ʻia ka hapa nui o nā huahana papa ʻaina stainless steel austenitic stainless steels i loko o ka 300 Nā mo'ānō, loa 304 a 316 kila kohu ʻole, no ka mea, hāʻawi kēia mau māka i kahi kaulike maikaʻi loa o ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion, Hingiene, NoMame, a me ka nui.
No nā huahana waiwai hou aku, ferritic 430 kila kohu ʻole a me kekahi mau helu haʻahaʻa-nickel e like me 201 kila kohu ʻole hoʻohana pū ʻia.
Hoʻopili pololei ke koho ʻana i ka pae kila kila i ke ola lawelawe o ka huahana, kū'ē i ka paʻakai a me nā meaʻai ʻakika, helehelena ili, a me ka palekana lōʻihi.
| ʻO ka helu kila kila | Ke kū'ē neiʻo Corrosionion | Nā hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi | Nā mea hoʻohana pākaukau maʻamau |
| 304 Kila kohu ʻole | Kūʻē maikaʻi i ka wai, ʻakika meaʻai, a me nā kaiapuni hale i kēlā me kēia lā | ʻO ke kila kuhiliʻole ka mea i hoʻohana nui ʻia. Hāʻawi i kahi kaulike maikaʻi o ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion, paʻakikī, NoMame, wawahua, a me ke kumukuai. Non-magnetic ma ke kūlana annealed. | Kā mākou kā'ā, puna, forks, Nā pahi, nā bola, Nā papa, Nā Kākoʻo, kuʻina, pahu ʻaina awakea, nā ʻōmole thermos |
| 304L fesalless kila | E like me 304 me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka corrosion intergranular ma hope o ke kuʻi ʻana | Ka mana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o 304. Hāʻawi ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka weldability a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke kūpaʻa corrosion i nā hale welded. | ʻO nā pahu meaʻai welded, nā ipu hao nui, pahu waihona, mea papaʻaina i hana ʻia |
| 316 Kila kohu ʻole | Kūʻē kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi aku ka kūʻē i ka ʻino lua i hoʻokomo ʻia i ka chloride | ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka molybdenum e hoʻomaikaʻi nui i ka pale ʻana i ka paʻakai, Ke wai wai, a me nā wahi kūlohelohe. Hāʻawi i ke ola lawelawe lōʻihi i nā kūlana koi. | Mea kuke ʻai maikaʻi, mea ʻoki kiʻekiʻe, lako kīhini ʻoihana, huahana pili meaʻai kūikawā |
316L fesalless kila |
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hana weld corrosion | Ka mana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o 316. Mālama i ka pale chloride maikaʻi ʻoiai e hōʻemi ana i ka hopena o ka corrosion a puni nā wahi welded. | ʻO ka papaʻaina kiʻekiʻe, nā ipu meaʻai welded, nā lako lāʻau lapaʻau, lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā mea hana meaʻai |
| 430 Kila kohu ʻole | Ke kū'ēʻana i ka paleʻana | Ferritic stainless steel me ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa a me nā waiwai magnetic. Hāʻawi i ka pale corrosion i ʻae ʻia i nā wahi haʻahaʻa akā ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o 304 a 316. | Mea ʻoki kālā, puna lawelawe, nā pā, mea papaʻaina hoʻonani, lako kīhini |
| 201 Kila kohu ʻole | Kūleʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i ka corrosion i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me 304 | Hoʻokumu ʻia ke kila kila kila haʻahaʻa-nickel e hōʻemi i ke kumu kūʻai. Hoʻololi ka manganese i kahi ʻāpana nickel, ka hopena o ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion haʻahaʻa a me ka lōʻihi. | ʻO nā mea pākaukau waiwai, nā mea kūʻai haʻahaʻa, nā huahana no nā noi liʻiliʻi |
3. No ke aha e poino ai ka ipuhao kila: Nā kumu a me nā mīkini
ʻOiai ua ʻike nui ʻia ke kila kila no kona kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa, ʻO ka huaʻōlelo "stainless" ʻaʻole ia he mea paʻa loa ka mea i ka corrosion.
Hiki i ke kila kila ke pale aku i ka ʻōpala ma muli o ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni chromium oxide passive ma kona ʻili, akā, he mau palena ko kēia papa pale.
Ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi ʻole, hiki ke poino ke ki'i pasif, nawaliwali, a i ʻole i luku ʻia, e ʻae ana i nā hopena ʻino.
No nā mea pākaukau kila kila, ʻAʻole maʻamau ka corrosion i kumu hoʻokahi. ', ʻo ia ka hopena o ka pilina ma waena maikaʻi waiwai, ka'ikemika, kūlana pae, a me ka hoohana ana.
He mea nui ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kēia mau mīkini no ke koho ʻana i nā māka kila kuhili ʻole kūpono a mālama i ka hana lōʻihi.
Mea Pono a me Alloy Composition: ʻO ke kumu o ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion
Hoʻomaka ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion o nā papa ʻaina kila kila me ka maikaʻi o ka mea maka ponoʻī.
Ke hilinaʻi nei ke kila kila kila kiʻekiʻe i ka haku melemele kaulike a me ke ʻano metala ʻaʻahu e mālama ai i kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni passive paʻa..
ʻO Chromium ka mea nui e pili ana i ka passivation. Ke lawa ka chromium i ke kila kuhiliʻole, he chromium oxide mānoanoa (Cr₂o₃) puka maoli ka papa ma ka ʻili a pale i ka metala lalo.
Akā naʻe,, inā ʻaʻole lawa ka chromium maʻiʻo, puunaue like ole, a i ʻole i hoʻopili ʻia e nā haumia, hiki i ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni pale ke lilo i mea paʻa ʻole a ʻoi aku ka palupalu i ka corrosion.
Loaʻa pinepine nā huahana kila kuhili ʻole:
- ʻAʻole lawa ka chromium maʻiʻo
- ʻO nā haumia nui loa
- ʻO nā hoʻokomo ʻole metala
- ʻAʻole kūlike ka metallurgical
Hiki i kēia mau hemahema ke hana i nā wahi nāwaliwali kūloko ma ka ʻili. Ma keia mau wahi, Hiki ke hoʻokumu ʻia nā pūnaewele electrochemical liʻiliʻi ma waena o nā wahi haumia a me ka matrix kila kila a puni.
ʻO nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi e lilo i ʻāpana anodic kahi e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ai ka metala ma mua, e ulu mālie ana a lilo i wahi ʻōpala i ʻike ʻia.
ʻO kekahi pilikia maʻamau i ka mākeke papa ʻaina ʻo ia ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā māka kila kila kila haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i kūʻai ʻia ma ke ʻano he mau mea hana kiʻekiʻe..
ʻo kahi laʻana, hoʻohana kekahi mau huahana waiwai 201 kila kohu ʻole, he mea hoʻohui manganese me ka nickel i hoʻemi ʻia, akā, hoʻolaha hewa ʻia e like me 304 kila kohu ʻole.
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo 304 kila kohu ʻole, Loaʻa nā māka haʻahaʻa-nickel:
- Hoʻemi ʻia ka paʻa kiʻiʻoniʻoni passive
- ʻO ke kūpaʻa haʻahaʻa i ka chloride corrosion
- ʻOi aku ka naʻau o ka ʻakika
Ma ka hopena, ʻO nā huahana i hana ʻia mai nā mea haʻahaʻa loa e hiki ke hoʻololi i ka waihoʻoluʻu a i ʻole nā ʻōpala ma hope o kahi manawa pōkole o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka home.
Ma ka hoʻohālikelike, ʻoiaʻiʻo 304 Oole 316 ʻO ke kila kila me ka haku mele kūpono a me ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka ʻili e hāʻawi i kahi papa passive paʻa a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion.
ʻO ka ʻinoʻino lua i hoʻokomo ʻia i ka Chloride: ʻO ka hoʻoweliweli maʻamau i ke kila kila
Ma waena o nā mea kaiapuni a pau e pili ana i ka papa ʻaina kuhili ʻole, nā iona chloride (Cl⁻) ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea hoʻoulu ʻino ʻino loa.
Loaʻa pinepine ʻia nā chloride i loko o nā mea o kēlā me kēia lā e like me:
- Paakai papa (sousicum choride)
- ʻO wau ka willow
- ʻAi ʻia
- Iʻa kai paʻakai
- Ka ea kai a me ke kai
- ʻO kekahi mau mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe kemika
ʻAʻole like me nā mea haumia ʻē aʻe, Hiki i nā ions chloride ke komo i nā wahi nāwaliwali o ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni passive a hoʻopau i ka papa chromium oxide pale.
Ke hōʻike ʻia ka metala lalo, hoʻomaka ka corrosion kūloko.
Ua ʻike ʻia kēia ʻano ʻino Pihaʻana.
ʻO ke ʻano pōʻino o ka lua ʻana i ka ʻino ʻana, ʻo ia ka mea i ʻike nui ʻia. He mea maʻamau paha ka ʻili, ʻoiai e ulu mālie ana nā lua liʻiliʻi ma lalo o ka ʻili.
ʻO ke kaʻina hana corrosion maʻamau e hahai i kekahi mau pae:
- Hōʻiliʻili ʻia nā ion Chloride ma ka ʻili kila kuhili.
- Hoʻopau ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni passive ma nā wahi pilikia.
- Hoʻomaka ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka metala i wehe ʻia.
- ʻOi aku ka ʻino o ka lua ʻino.
- Hoʻomaka ka ʻino a komo i ka hohonu.
I loko o kahi lua ʻino, ka hoʻoheheʻe metala e hana i kahi kaiapuni ʻakika e huki ai i nā ion chloride hou aʻe.
Hoʻokumu kēia i kahi kaʻina autocatalytic, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo ka hopena corrosion e hoʻoikaika i nā kūlana e hoʻolalelale i ka ʻino.
Ua wehewehe kēia i ke kumu e ʻike pinepine ai nā huahana kila kila i hoʻohana ʻia ma nā ʻāina kahakai i ka ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki.
ʻO nā ʻāpana paʻakai i lawe ʻia e ka ea haʻahaʻa e waiho mau ana ma ka ʻili, hoʻopiʻi pinepine i ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni passive.
No ka lako kīʻaha hale, ʻO kekahi o nā kumu maʻamau o ka corrosion pili i ka chloride ka waiho ʻana i ka meaʻai paʻakai i loko o nā pahu kila kila no nā manawa lōʻihi me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻole..
ʻAʻole pōʻino ka launa ʻana i kekahi manawa, akā, hoʻonui nui ka ʻike ʻana i ka wā lōʻihi i ka pōʻino.
Hōʻike ʻia i ka meaʻai ʻāwaʻa a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni
Hōʻike pinepine ʻia ka papa ʻaina kila kila i nā meaʻai a me nā mea inu i ka wā e hoʻohana ai i kēlā me kēia lā.
ʻOiai maʻalahi ka hapa nui o nā meaʻai, Hiki i ka pilina lōʻihi ke hoʻopili i ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni passive.
Loaʻa nā mea ʻawaʻawa maʻamau:
- ʻO ka vīneka i loaʻa i ka acetic acid
- ʻO nā hua citrus me ka waikawa citric
- ʻO nā ʻōmato i loaʻa i nā waikawa organik
- ʻO nā huahana waiu i loaʻa ka lactic acid
Hiki i kēia mau ʻakika ke hoʻemi i ka paʻa o ka papa chromium oxide, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻolaha ʻana a i hui pū ʻia me nā mahana kiʻekiʻe.
ʻo kahi laʻana, ʻO ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻuala i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka vīneka i loko o nā ipu kila kila no kekahi mau lā e hana i kahi ʻano ʻino ma mua o ka lawelawe pōkole ʻana i ka meaʻai like i ka wā ʻai..
Like me, ʻO ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā meaʻai ʻakika i loko o nā mea kuke kuhili ʻole e hoʻonui i ka hana kemika a hoʻolalelale i ka hopena o ka ʻili.
ʻO nā hopena maʻamau o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka waika lōʻihi:
- Nalo o ka olinolino o ka ili
- Hoʻemi ʻia ka ʻōlinolino
- Ka ʻili o ka ʻili
- Hoʻonui ʻia ka maʻalahi i ka corrosion
I nā hihia koʻikoʻi, hiki ke hoʻonui i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o nā ion metala mai ka ʻili kila kuhili.
Akā naʻe,, ma lalo o nā kūlana hale maʻamau, ʻO ka maikaʻi kiʻekiʻe 304 a 316 ʻo ke kila kuhiliʻole ke kūpaʻa loa i nā ʻakika meaʻai maʻamau.
ʻO ka manaʻo nui ʻaʻole pili i ka wā pōkole, akā, e hoʻomau pinepine ʻia a lōʻihi ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻole.
Poino Mechanical: Pehea e hoʻonui ai nā ʻōpala i ka pōʻino
ʻO ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni passive o ke kila kila he lahilahi loa, a ʻoiai hiki iā ia ke hoʻoponopono iā ia iho, hiki ke hōʻemi i ka pono o ka pale ʻana i ka hana ʻino.
ʻO kekahi o nā kumu maʻamau o ka ʻino mua ʻana i loko o nā kīʻaha kila kila ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe pono ʻole.
Hoʻokomoʻia nā hiʻohiʻona:
- Huluhulu kila
- ʻO nā pad abrasive paʻakikī
- Nā mea hao hao
- ʻO nā mea hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻawaʻawa
Hiki i kēia mau ala ke wehe i nā koena meaʻai paʻakikī, akā, hana pū lākou i nā ʻōpala microscopic ma luna o ke kila kila.
ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o ka ʻili i kālai ʻia no ka mea:
- Ua pōʻino ke kiʻi pale i ka ʻāina.
- Hoʻopaʻa nā wahi ʻōpala i nā ʻāpana meaʻai a me nā koena paʻakai.
- Hoʻokumu nā crevices i nā kaiapuni nele i ka oxygen.
- Hiki ke hoʻomohala ʻia nā cell corrosion kūloko.
ʻOiai hiki ke hana hou ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni passive ma hope o nā ʻōpala liʻiliʻi, ʻO ka pōʻino mechanical hohonu e hana i nā wahi kahi e hoʻomaka pinepine ai ka corrosion.
Ua holo ʻoi aʻe ka manawa, ʻo ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe abrasive pinepine paha ke kumu:
- Nalo o ka olinolino o ka ili
- Hoʻonui ʻia ka ʻeleʻele o ka ʻili
- ʻO ke kala ʻike ʻia
- Hoʻokumu ʻana i ka ʻōpala kūloko
No laila, pono e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia nā papa ʻaina kuhili ʻole me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea palupalu a me nā mea holoi maʻalahi e mālama i ka pono o ka papa passive..
Hoʻohaumia i ka ʻili a me nā ʻāpana hao haole
ʻO kekahi kumu hoʻomaopopo pinepine ʻole ʻia o ka ʻōpala ʻana o ke kila kila ʻo ia ka hoʻohaumia ʻana i waho.
I kekahi manawa, ʻaʻole ʻino ke kila kila ponoʻī. ', ʻO nā mea hao liʻiliʻi mai nā kumu waho e pili ana i ka ʻili a hoʻomaka e ʻōpala.
Loaʻa nā kumu maʻamau:
- Mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe kila kalapona
- Nā ʻāpana huluhulu kila
- lepo hana metala
- Nā ʻōpala kūkulu
Hoʻopale koke kēia mau mea hao i mua o ka makū a hana i nā ʻeleʻele kala ma luna o ke kila kila..
Hiki ke hoʻoneʻe ʻia kēia ʻano haumia ma o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe pono ʻana no ka mea hiki ke paʻa mau ke kila kila.
Akā naʻe,, inā mālama ʻole ʻia ka haumia no ka manawa lōʻihi, hiki i nā huahana corrosion ke hōʻino i ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni passive ma lalo o lākou a hiki ke alakaʻi i ka ʻino kila kuhili ʻole maoli.
4. Pehea e pale aku ai i na lako paina kila mai ka poino
Hoʻolālā ʻia ka papa ʻaina kila kila e hāʻawi i ka lōʻihi lōʻihi a me ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion, akā, hilinaʻi nui kāna hana i ka hoʻohana a me ka mālama pono.
ʻOiai hiki i ke kila kila ke hoʻoponopono maoli i kāna kiʻiʻoniʻoni passive chromium oxide pale, ʻike mau ʻana i nā kaiapuni ʻino, nā ʻano hoʻomaʻemaʻe pono ʻole, a i ʻole ka pōʻino o ka ʻili ke hōʻemi mālie i kona kūpaʻa corrosion.
ʻAʻole pono ka palekana kūpono i nā kaʻina hana paʻakikī.
He maʻalahi nā kumu kumu: mālama i ka pono o ka papa passive, pale i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o nā mea corrosive, pale i ka poino mechanical, a mālama i ka maʻemaʻe a maloʻo.
4.1 Nā Hana Hoʻomaʻemaʻe Pono: Ka mālama ʻana i ke Kiʻiʻoniʻoni Passive
ʻO ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana ka launa pinepine ʻana ma waena o ka papa ʻaina kila kila a me ke kaiapuni waho.
ʻO ka pahuhopu o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻaʻole wale ka wehe ʻana i nā koena meaʻai akā no ka pale ʻana i ka papa chromium oxide passive.
ʻO ke ʻano hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ʻōlelo ʻia e hoʻohana wai mehana, mea holoi maʻalahi, a me nā mea hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻole.
Hoʻopau maikaʻi kēia mau ʻano i ka momona, mea ʻai, a me nā pila me ka ʻole e hōʻino i ka ʻili kila kuhili.
| Ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe kūlohelohe | Nā noi kūpono | Ka hopena i ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion |
| Ka wai mehana me ka mea holoi maʻalahi | ʻO ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i kēlā me kēia lā i nā mea pākaukau kila kila | Wehe i nā mea haumia ʻoiai e mālama ana i ka paʻa o ka papa passive |
| Spone palupalu a i ʻole ka lole microfiber | Hoʻomaʻemaʻe nui i nā kīʻaha, kā mākou kā'ā, kuʻina, a me nā'āpana | Kāohi i nā ʻōpala i hiki ke lilo i wahi hoʻomaka corrosion |
| Palena nylon palupalu | Hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā ʻāwī, mau kihi, a me na wahi paakiki | Wehe i nā koena i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a hoʻemi i ka pilikia o ka ʻino ʻana |
ʻO ka paʻi paʻakai |
Wehe i nā ʻili paʻakikī a i ʻole ka ʻili o ka ʻili | Hāʻawi i ka hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe mālie me ka liʻiliʻi o ka abrasion ili |
| Hoʻoheheʻe wīnega keʻokeʻo diluted | Hoʻopau i nā waihona mineral a me nā kiko wai | Pono no ka hoʻohana pōkole; pono e holoi pono ma hope |
| Mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe kila kuhili ʻole kalepa | Hoʻihoʻi hou i ka ʻōlinolino o ka ʻili a me ka wehe ʻana i nā ʻili | Hoʻolālā ʻia e hoʻomaʻemaʻe me ka ʻole e hōʻino nui i ka ʻili ke hoʻohana pono ʻia |
No ka mālama ʻana i kēlā me kēia lā, lawa ka hoomaemae ma'alahi.
ʻAʻole koi ke kila kila i ka polishing ikaika a i ʻole ka lāʻau kemika ikaika no ka mea ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe hoʻomaʻemaʻe hiki ke hōʻino i ka papa pale e hāʻawi ai i ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion..
Nā ʻano hoʻomaʻemaʻe e ʻalo ʻia
Hiki i kekahi mau hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe akā hiki ke hoʻolalelale i ka corrosion i ka manawa.
Huluhulu kila a me na mea hoolele abrasive
Hiki i ka huluhulu kila a me nā pad abrasive ʻoʻoleʻa ke hana i nā ʻōpala microscopic ma ka ʻili kila kuhili.
Hoʻopilikia kēia mau ʻōpala i ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni passive a hana i nā wahi e waiho ai nā ion chloride, koena meaʻai, a hiki ke hōʻiliʻili ka makū.
Klorine-Based Bleach
ʻO nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe i loko o ka chloride he mea ʻino loa ia no ka mea hiki ke hoʻouka i nā ion chloride i ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni passive a hoʻoulu i ka ʻinoʻino..
ʻAʻole pono e hoʻohana ʻia ka bleach no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā mea pākaukau maʻamau.
ʻO nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe acidic a i ʻole alkaline ikaika
ʻO nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe acidic kiʻekiʻe, nā hāʻina vīneka paʻa, a hoʻonāwaliwali paha nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe kemika i ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni passive, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka pili ʻana.
Mea Hoomaemae Amoni
ʻOiai maikaʻi ka ammonia no kekahi mau hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe hale, Hiki i ka hoʻohana pono ʻole ke hoʻopilikia i ka nānā ʻana o ka ʻili a me ka launa pū ʻana me nā koena kemika ʻē aʻe.
4.2 Maloo Pono: Kāohi ʻana i nā wahi wai a me ka ʻino ʻana i ka ʻāina
Ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe, ʻO ka hoʻomaloʻo ka mea nui e like me ka holoi ʻana. ʻAʻole ʻino ka wai ponoʻī i ke kila kuhili ʻole, akā, hiki i ke koena o ka wai ke waiho i nā minerala i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, aloha, a me nā mea haumia.
Ke ehu mālie ka wai, hiki ke noho ma ka ʻili nā minerale e like me ka calcium a me ka magnesium, ka hana ʻana i nā kiko wai.
Hiki i kēia mau waihona ke hoʻopaʻa i ka makū a hana i nā wahi kūloko kūpono no ka corrosion.
ʻO ka hana i ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana i nā lako kīʻaha kila ma hope koke o ka holoi ʻana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi maʻemaʻe, lole palupalu.
| Ka Hoomaloo ana | Ka hopena hiki | Kōkua |
| Hoʻomaloʻo ea maoli | Hiki ke waiho i nā wahi wai a me nā waihona mineral | ʻAe ʻia no nā wā pōkole, akā ʻaʻole kūpono no ka mālama lōʻihi |
| Hoʻomaloʻo kāwele palupalu | Wehe i ka makū a pale i ke kūkulu ʻana o ka mineral | Manaʻo ʻia no ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēlā me kēia lā |
| Hoʻomaloʻo wela kiʻekiʻe | Hiki ke hoʻololi i ka wela a i ʻole ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka ʻili | E pale i ka wela nui |
No nā lako kīʻaha kila kila maikaʻi, ʻoi aku ka nani o nā ʻili, ʻO ka hoʻomaloʻo koke ʻana e kōkua i ka mālama ʻana i ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion a me ke ʻano.
4.3 Mālama kūpono: E hoemi ana i ka Poino Kaiapuni
He hopena koʻikoʻi ko nā kūlana mālama i ka hana lōʻihi o ka papa ʻaina kila kila.
Hiki i ke kila kila kila kiʻekiʻe ke ʻike i ka corrosion inā mālama ʻia i kahi haʻahaʻa, haumia, a iʻole nā mea hoʻohālikelike o keʻano.
ʻO ke kaiapuni mālama kūpono:
- Maloo
- Hoomae
- ʻAi maikaʻi
- Kūʻokoʻa mai nā kemika ʻino
I ka mālama ʻana i nā huahana stainless steel, pono e hahaiia kekahi mau hana.
Hōʻalo i ka pilina lōʻihi me ka paʻakai a me nā meaʻai ʻawaʻawa
ʻO nā mea paʻakai a me nā mea ʻawaʻawa kekahi o nā kumu maʻamau o ka ʻino ʻana o ke kila kila.
ʻO nā meaʻai e like me:
- ʻAi ʻia nā mea kanu
- Iʻa kai paʻakai
- ʻO nā ʻuala me ka vineka
- ʻO nā meaʻai kumu citrus
ʻAʻole pono e mālama ʻia i loko o nā pahu kila kila no nā manawa lōʻihi.
No ka mālama lōʻihi, ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o nā ipu aniani a i ʻole nā ipu seramika no ka mea ʻaʻole kemika.
Kāohi i ka pilina me nā metala ʻokoʻa
Ke hoʻopili ke kila kuhili ʻole i nā metala ʻē aʻe i mua o ka makū, hiki mai nā hopena electrochemical. Ua ʻike ʻia kēia hanana ʻinoʻino galvanic.
ʻo kahi laʻana, ʻO ka mālama ʻana i nā mea ʻoki kila kila me nā mea hana kila kalapona a i ʻole nā huahana alumini i loko o kahi ʻāina pulu hiki ke hoʻolalelale i ka corrosion..
Ke hoʻohana nei i nā mea hoʻokaʻawale, mea mahele lole, a i ʻole nā keʻena mālama maloʻo e hōʻemi i kēia pilikia.
Kāohi i ka pōʻino mīkini i ka wā mālama
Hiki ke hana i nā ʻōpala i ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa pinepine ʻana ma waena o nā mea hana. ʻO kēia mau wahi i pōʻino e lilo i mea maʻalahi i ka ʻino.
Me ka hoʻohanaʻana:
- Nā mea hoʻokaʻawale lole palupalu
- Kāwele pepa
- Nā mea hoʻonohonoho ʻoki ʻoki i hoʻolaʻa ʻia
hiki ke pale i nā mea i poni ʻia a mālama i ka helehelena.
4.4 Hoʻolauna: Ho'iho'i hou 'ana i ke kū'ē kū'ē
ʻO ka passivation kahi lāʻau kemika i hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻoikaika i ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion o ke kila kila ma ka wehe ʻana i nā mea haumia o ka ʻili a me ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi papa passive chromium oxide..
Ma ka hana ʻoihana, Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka passivation ma hope o ka mīkini, Welding, Kāleka, a i ʻole nā hana hana. Wehe ia i nā ʻāpana hao manuahi a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka paʻa o ka ʻili.
No nā mea pākaukau kila kila, ʻAʻole pono ka passivation ma lalo o nā kūlana hale maʻamau.
Akā naʻe,, hiki ke hoʻohana i ka wā e ʻike ai nā huahana i ka ʻili koʻikoʻi, paio, a i ʻole ʻili ʻili.
Loaʻa nā ʻano passivation maʻamau:
| Keʻano Passivation | Noi | ʻO ka hanaʻana i ka mana |
| ʻO ka waika citric passivation | ʻO ka hoʻohaumia ʻana o ka ʻili a i ʻole ka ʻili ʻana | Wehe i ka hao manuahi a paipai i ka hana hou kiʻiʻoniʻoni passive |
| ʻO ka hāʻule ʻana o ka waika Nitric | ʻO ka hana ʻana i ke kila kuhili ʻole | Hāʻawi i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe kemika ikaika a me ka hoʻihoʻi hou ʻana o ka papa passive |
| ʻO nā huahana passivation kila kuhiliʻole kālepa | Hoʻihoʻi ʻoihana a i ʻole ka hoʻihoʻi ʻoihana | Wehe i nā mea haumia a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion |
ʻO ka passivation ʻoihana maʻamau e koi i ka hoʻokele kemika, keka ao, a me ka manawa lapaʻau.
No nā mea hoʻohana hale, ʻO ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe kūpono a me ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana ua lawa ia e mālama i ka hana kila kila.
4.5 Nā hewa maʻamau e hoʻolalelale ai i ka ʻino ʻana o ke kila kila
ʻAʻole ma muli o nā hemahema waiwai akā ma muli o nā hana hoʻohana hewa ʻole.
| Ke kuhihewa maʻamau | Hiki i ka hopena | Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia |
| Ka waiho ʻana i ka meaʻai paʻakai i loko o nā ipu kila kila no ka manawa lōʻihi | ʻO ka ʻino lua i hoʻokomo ʻia i ka Chloride | Holoi a maloʻo koke ma hope o ka hoʻohana ʻana |
| ʻO ka hoʻoinu ʻana i ka papa ʻaina i loko o ka vīnega a i ʻole ka wai ʻawaʻawa no ka manawa lōʻihi | Hoʻohaʻahaʻa kiʻiʻoniʻoni passive | E hoʻohana i nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe acidic wale nō a holoi pono |
| Ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka huluhulu kila a i ʻole nā mea hana abrasive paʻakikī | ʻO nā ʻōpala o ka ʻili a me nā wahi hoʻomaka corrosion | E hoʻohana i nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe palupalu |
| Ka hui ʻana i ke kila kila me nā metala ʻē aʻe i loko o nā kūlana pulu | Kahiki Galvaniko | E mālama i nā metala like ʻole |
| Hoʻomaloʻo wela kiʻekiʻe | Ka ʻili o ka ʻili | E hoʻohana i nā ʻano hoʻomaloʻo maʻamau a i ʻole ka wela haʻahaʻa |
| Ka mālama ʻana i ka wā pulu | ʻO nā kiko wai a me ka ʻinoʻino kūloko | E hōʻoia i ka maloʻo piha ma mua o ka waiho ʻana |
4.6 Nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo palekana hou no ka hana lōʻihi
Ma waho aʻe o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me ka mālama ʻana, hiki i kekahi mau hana maʻalahi ke hoʻolōʻihi i ke ola lawelawe o nā mea papa ʻaina kila:
E koho i ka papa kila kuhiliʻole pololei
ʻO ke koho ʻana i nā mea waiwai ka hana mua i ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion.
- 304 kila kohu ʻole kūpono no ka nui o nā noi hale.
- 316 kila kohu ʻole makemake ʻia no nā wahi me ka paʻakai kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole nā kūlana koi.
- Pono e noʻonoʻo pono ʻia nā māka haʻahaʻa ma mua o ke kūʻai ʻana.
E mālama i kahi ʻili maʻemaʻe
Ke koena meaʻai, ʻoi aku ka paʻakai a i ʻole nā koena ʻakika, ʻaʻole pono e noho ma luna o nā ʻili kila kila no ka wā lōʻihi. ʻO ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe maʻamau e pale i ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o ka haumia a hōʻemi i ka pōʻino.
Hōʻalo i ka hoʻolaha kemika pono ʻole
Kūleʻa ke kila kila i nā kemika he nui, akā, e pale mau ʻia ka ʻike ʻole ʻana i nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe koʻikoʻi.
5. Helu Palekana: Hiki ke hoohana ia na lako paina kuhili ole?
ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona o ka ʻōpala a i ʻole ka ʻino ma luna o ka papa ʻaina kila kila e hāpai pinepine i kahi nīnau koʻikoʻi: Ua palekana anei ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka huahana?
Aia ka pane i ke ʻano, hohonu, a me ka nui o ka corrosion, a me ka maikaʻi o ke kila kila ponoʻī.
Ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka ʻike metala mai ke kila kila
ʻO nā mea pākaukau kila kila ka nui o ka hao (Lia), Chromium (Cr), nickel (I), a me nā mea'ē aʻe'ē aʻe.
Hoʻopaʻa paʻa ʻia kēia mau metala i loko o ka hale kila kuhili ʻole a maʻamau ka hoʻokuʻu liʻiliʻi loa ma lalo o nā kūlana hoʻohana kūpono.
ʻO kekahi mau mea hoʻohuihui, e like me ka hao, Chromium, a me nickel, ʻo ia hoʻi nā ʻano mea i komo i loko o nā kaʻina hana olaola. Aia ma kahi o ke kino kanaka makua maʻamau:
- 'Eron: e pili ana 35 g, Loaʻa i ka hemoglobin a me nā enzymes
- Chromium: ma kahi o 50-70 mg, pili i kekahi mau kaʻina metabolic
- Nickel: aneane 10 mg, aia i loko o ke kino liʻiliʻi loa
Akā naʻe,, haʻahaʻa loa nā koi olaola, a me ka ʻike nui ʻana i kekahi mau iona metala hiki ke hana i nā hopena ʻino.
ʻO ka lawe lōʻihi ʻana i nā pae kiʻekiʻe o ka nickel a i ʻole chromium pūhui ke kōkua:
- ʻAʻohe ʻeha o ka ʻōpū
- Nā hopena maʻi, ʻoi aku i nā poʻe koʻikoʻi
- Hoʻonui ʻia nā pilikia olakino ma lalo o nā kūlana hoʻolaha kiʻekiʻe lōʻihi
Ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻamau, Hoʻokuʻu wale ʻia nā ʻiona metala kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe no ka mea ʻo ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni chromium oxide passive he pale pale..
Kuupuiawi, Akā naʻe,, hiki ke hōʻemi i kēia pale a hoʻonui i ka hiki ke neʻe metala.
Ke hoʻohana mau ʻia nā Paʻa Paʻa Kuleʻaleʻa Kūleʻa
ʻAʻole hōʻike ʻia nā ʻino a pau e pono e hoʻolei koke ʻia nā mea pākaukau kila kila. ʻO nā hoʻololi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi he mea hoʻonaninani ma mua o ka hoʻolālā.
ʻO ka ʻeleʻele o ka ʻili a i ʻole nā wahi ʻōpala liʻiliʻi
ʻO ke kala māmā, kala melemele, a i ʻole nā wahi ʻōpala liʻiliʻi kaʻawale e pili pinepine me:
- ʻO ka hoʻohaumia ʻana o ka ʻili mai nā mea hao
- ʻO nā waihona mineral mai ka wai
- Poino no ka manawa i ka papa passive
- ʻO ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka ʻili mua
I kēia mau hihia, paʻa mau ka hale kila kuhiliʻole.
Ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe pono, e like me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe kila kila, paʻi paʻakai, a i ʻole ke ʻano polū mālie, hiki ke hoʻihoʻi pinepine ʻia ka wahi i hoʻopilikia ʻia.
Ke wehe ʻia nā mea haumia, hiki i ke kila kila ke kūkulu hou i kāna kiʻiʻoniʻoni chromium oxide passive ke ʻike ʻia i ka oxygen.
No ka papa ʻaina me ka ʻili liʻiliʻi wale nō, ʻae ʻia ka hoʻohana mau ʻana inā:
- Lilo hou ka ʻili ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana.
- ʻAʻohe lua hohonu a me nā lua i koe.
- ʻAʻole e hoʻi pinepine ka ʻino.
Ke Hoʻololi ʻia nā Paʻi Paʻi Kuhili ʻole
ʻAʻole pono e hoʻohana hou ʻia nā lako pākaukau kila kila i ʻinoʻino no ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka meaʻai.
Manaʻo ʻia ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke kumu o ka corrosion:
Pitting Hohonu a i ʻole nā lua ʻili
Hoʻokumu ʻia nā lua liʻiliʻi a i ʻole nā puʻu i loko o ka ʻili kila kuhili. He paʻakikī kēia mau wahi e hoʻomaʻemaʻe loa a hiki ke paʻa:
- Nā meaʻai
- bacteria
- Koe paakai
- Nā mea ʻakika
ʻAʻole like me ka ʻili ʻili maʻalahi, ʻO nā lua hohonu e hōʻike ana i ka nalowale waiwai maoli a hōʻike ʻia ua paʻa mau ka papa pale.
ʻAha ʻAi Nui
Inā uhi ka ʻōpala i kahi hapa nui o ka ʻili, hōʻike maʻamau paha:
- He mea kila kila maikaʻi ʻole
- Hōʻike kaiapuni koʻikoʻi
- ʻO ka pōʻino lōʻihi i ka papa passive
Hiki ke hoʻonui i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o nā ion metala a hoʻemi i ka hana maʻemaʻe o ka huahana.
māwae, Puka, a i ʻole ka pōʻino hale
Inā ʻike ʻia nā māwae i ka ʻino, hūnā, a i ʻole ka puka ʻana, e hoolei koke ia ka papaaina.
ʻAʻole hoʻonui wale nā mea ʻino i ka pōʻino akā hiki ʻole ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe pono.
Ka pilina ma waena o ka corrosion a me nā kūlana palekana meaʻai
Hoʻoponopono ʻia ke kila kila i hoʻohana ʻia no nā noi pili meaʻai e nā kūlana honua i hoʻolālā ʻia e kāohi i ka neʻe ʻana o ke kemika a hōʻoia i ka palekana o ka mea kūʻai..
Nā rula e like me:
- Hoʻoponopono EU (EC) ʻAʻole 1935/2004 ma nā mea pili i ka meaʻai
- Nā koi FDA no nā mea pili i ka meaʻai
hoʻokumu i nā koi no nā mea e pili ana i ka meaʻai, me nā kapu i ka neʻe ʻana o kekahi mau mea.
ʻO nā mea hana o nā lako kīʻaha kila kila kiʻekiʻe e koho maʻamau i nā māka kūpono, hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka hui ʻana o ka alloy, a hoʻopili i nā lapaʻau ʻili kūpono e hōʻemi i ka hoʻokuʻu metala.
Akā naʻe,, hoʻokahi manawa e pōʻino nui ai ka ʻili, ʻaʻole hana hou ka mea i ke ʻano like me ka mea i hana mua ʻia.
ʻOi aku paha ka nui o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā ion metala i nā ʻili i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, ʻoi aku ma lalo o nā kūlana ʻakika a i ʻole ka wela kiʻekiʻe.
6. Nā ʻenehana Palekana Kiʻekiʻe no nā Mea Paʻi Paʻi Kuhili ʻole
ʻOiai ua loaʻa maoli i ke kila kila kila maikaʻi loa ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion ma o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni chromium oxide passive, hiki i nā ʻenehana hana hou ke hoʻonui i kona kūpaʻa, helehelena, hana maʻemaʻe, a me ke kū'ē i nā kaiapuni ʻino.
No nā lako kīʻaha kila kila maikaʻi, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā huahana i hoʻohana ʻia i nā lumi kuke ʻoihana, hookipa, nā kaiapuni lapaʻau, a me nā mākeke kūʻai kiʻekiʻe, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā ʻenehana ʻenehana honua hou.
Hoʻomaikaʻi kēia mau lapaʻau i ke kūpaʻa o ka papa passive, e hoemi i ka haumia o ka ili, e hoʻoikaika ana i ke kū'ē, a hoʻonui i ke ola lawelawe.
Hōʻuluʻulu ka papa ma lalo nei i nā ʻenehana pale holomua nui i hoʻohana mau ʻia no ka papa ʻaina kila kila.
| ʻenehana Palekana | ʻO ka hanaʻana i ka mana | Nā Pōmaikaʻi Nui | Nā noi maʻamau |
| Uilaiauliwi | He kaʻina hana electrochemical e hoʻoneʻe koho i kahi ʻāpana lahilahi o ke kila kila mai ka ʻili, hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā piko microscopic a me ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka ʻinoʻino o ka ʻili. | Hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion ma ka hana ʻana i kahi papa passive maʻemaʻe a ʻoi aku ka like; hōʻemi i ka hoʻopili bacteria; hoʻonui i ka ʻōlinolino o ka ʻili; maʻalahi ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe. | Mea ʻoki ʻoki maikaʻi, nā mea hana ʻai, lako kīhini ʻoihana, nā huahana kila kuhili ʻole |
| Kemimi | He lāʻau kemika me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka waikawa nitric, ʻakika citric, a i ʻole nā hopena passivation ʻē aʻe e hoʻoneʻe i nā mea haumia hao manuahi a paipai i ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni chromium oxide. | Hoʻihoʻi a hoʻoikaika i ka papa passive; hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kūʻē ʻana i ka hana ʻino; hoʻoneʻe i ka lepo ma hope o ka hana ʻana a i ʻole ka hana ʻana. | Kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe mea kuke kuke, welded tableware, nā ipu kila kuhili ʻole |
| Pvd (ʻO ka waihoʻana i ke kino kino) Pāpale | He kaʻina hana hoʻoheheʻe ʻia e waiho ai i kahi ʻāpana pale ʻeleʻele, e like me ka titanium nitride (Kū), zirconium nitride (ZrN), a i ʻole nā uhi kalapona, ma luna o nā ʻili kila kuhili ʻole. | Hāʻawi maikaʻi loa i ka pale lole, kūʻē kūʻē, a me ke ano hoonani; hiki i ke gula, ʻeleʻele, bronze, a me nā hoʻopau premium ʻē aʻe; hoʻomaikaʻi i ka paʻakikī o ka ʻili. | Mea ʻoki ʻoki nani, mea papaʻaina hoʻonani, nā huahana hōkele a me nā hale ʻaina |
Lapaʻau ʻili laser |
Hoʻohana i ka ikehu laser i hoʻoponopono ʻia e hoʻololi i ke ʻano o ka ʻili, wehe i nā mea haumia, a i ʻole e hana i nā ʻano kikoʻī o ka ʻili. | Hoʻomaikaʻi i ka kūlike o ka ʻili; hiki i ka hoailona pololei a me ka hoailona hoonani; hiki ke hoʻonui i nā waiwai ili kūloko me ka pili ʻole i ka mea nui. | Paʻa pākaukau kila kuhiliʻole, Nā huahana Branded, nā hoʻolālā kiʻekiʻe |
| ʻAi Nano-Seramika | Hoʻopili i kahi ʻāpana pale i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma muli o ka seramika ultra-thin i loaʻa nā ʻāpana nano-scale e paʻa me ka ʻili kila kuhili.. | Hoʻemi i nā manamana lima, stains, a pili i ka meaʻai; hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pale kemika; maʻalahi ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me ka mālama ʻana. | lako kīhini maikaʻi, mea pakaukau hale hou, nā huahana hoʻolālā |
| Pale Anati-Fingerprint (AFP) | ʻO kahi uhi ʻili akaka i hoʻolālā ʻia e hōʻemi i ka ʻaila, ailakalu, a me nā hōʻailona manamana lima ma ke kila kila kila. | Mālama i kahi helehelena maʻemaʻe; hōʻemi i nā koi hoʻomaʻemaʻe pinepine; hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ʻike mea hoʻohana. | Nā kīʻaha kila kila, nā pā, mea ʻokiʻoki premium, mea papaʻaina hoʻonani |
| Dlc (ʻO ka carbon-like carbom) Pāpale | Waiho i kahi papa pale kalapona me nā waiwai e like me ke daimana ma luna o ka ʻili kila kuhili. | Paʻakiki kiʻekiʻe loa; ʻO ka paleʻana i ke kū'ē; haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa; paʻa kemika ikaika. | Nā pahi kiʻekiʻe, nā mea hana kūikawā, lako papa hana maikaʻi |
Hoʻomaʻamaʻa Mechanical a me ka hoʻopau aniani |
Hoʻohana i nā kaʻina hana abrasive a me ka polishing e hōʻemi i ka ʻinoʻino o ka ʻili a hana i kahi hoʻopau hoʻonaninani. | Hoʻomaikaʻi i keʻano; e hoemi ana i ka hoahu haumia; maʻalahi ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe; hoʻonui i ka maikaʻi o ka huahana i ʻike ʻia. | Kā mākou kā'ā, nā mea lawelawe, nā kīʻaha kāhiko, mea kūʻai waiwai |
| ʻO ka ʻili ʻili a me ka Micro-Patterning | Hoʻokumu i nā microstructure i hoʻomalu ʻia ma ka ʻili kila ma o ka laser a i ʻole nā hana mechanical. | Hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana paʻa; hiki ke hōʻemi i nā ʻōpala i ʻike ʻia; hāʻawi i nā hopena hoʻonaninani ʻoiai e mālama ana i ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion. | Kiko, nā pahi premium, hoʻolālā papa ʻaina i hoʻopilikino ʻia |
| ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau antimicrobial | Hoʻopili i nā mea antimicrobial a i ʻole nā mea hoʻopili (e like me nā ʻenehana pili kālā) e kāohi i ka ulu ʻana o ka microbial. | Hoʻemi i ka hoʻopili bacteria a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana maʻemaʻe ma nā wahi pili meaʻai. | Nā lumi kuke kalepa, nā meaʻai e pili ana i ka mālama ola kino, lako papaʻaina kūikawā |
7. Hopena
ʻAʻohe mea e like me ke kila kuhili ʻole - ʻo ke kila kuhili wale nō ke kūpaʻa ma lalo o nā kūlana lawelawe kūpono..
ʻO ka nanoscale chromium oxide passive kiʻiʻoniʻoni e hāʻawi ana i ke kila kila i kona kūpaʻa kupaianaha he ʻōnaehana pale kūlohelohe kūlohelohe., aka, aole hiki ke hoopau ia.
Nā paʻakai chloride, ʻakika meaʻai, hiki i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe abrasive a me ka maikaʻi ʻole o nā mea āpau ke lanakila i kona hiki ke pale, e alakaʻi ana i ka corrosion ʻike ʻia a hoʻemi ʻia ke ola lawelawe.
ʻAʻole mālama pono ʻole nā mea pākaukau kila kila. ʻO kāna waiwai "stainless" kaulana he equilibrium ikaika ma waena o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa kiʻiʻoniʻoni a me ka hoʻoponopono ponoʻī.
Ke hoʻomaopopo nā mea hoʻohana i kēia mīkini, koho i na mea maikai, pale i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā meaʻai ʻino a hoʻomaʻemaʻe mālie, ʻae lākou i ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni passive e hana e like me ka mea i manaʻo ʻia.
ʻO ka hopena, ʻo ia nā kīʻaha i mālama pono ʻia, maʻemaʻe a me ka nānā ʻana i nā makahiki he nui, hāʻawi piha ʻana i nā pono hana i hana i ke kila kuhili ʻole ka mea kaulana loa o ka honua.
FaqS
E ʻānaʻi ʻia nā ipu papa ʻaina kuhili ʻole?
ʻAʻole ʻāhue ke kila kila ma ke ʻano like me ke kila kalapona.
Akā naʻe,, hiki ke ʻino ma lalo o kekahi mau kūlana—e like me ka ʻike ʻana i nā chlorides, Nā'āpana, a i ʻole ka pōʻino mechanical i ka papa passive. Hiki ke hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā wahi ʻōpala o waho mai ka haumia.
No ke aha i loaʻa ai i kaʻu mea ʻoki kila kila nā kiko wai?
ʻO nā wahi wai he mau waihona mineral (calcium, Magnesum) waiho ʻia i ka wā e mahuka ai ka wai.
ʻAʻole lākou he corrosion. Holoi maloʻo koke ma hope o ka holoi ʻana a hoʻohana paha i kahi mea holoi holoi e pale ai iā lākou.
He palekana paha ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea pākaukau kila kuhili ʻole?
ʻōpala ʻili (mai ka haumia o waho) palekana ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana. Inā pitted ka ʻōpala a ʻaʻole hiki ke wehe ʻia, pono e hoolei ia ka papaaina no ka mea hiki ke hoolele i na metala i mea ai.
Hiki iaʻu ke hoʻohana i ka vīnega no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā mea pākaukau kila kuhili ʻole?
ʻAe, akā e hoʻohana i kahi hoʻonā i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia (1:1 me ka wai) a holoi pono. Mai pulu no ka manawa lōʻihi, ʻoiai he ʻakika ka vīnega a hiki ke hōʻino i ka papa passive.
No ke aha i ʻike ʻole ʻia ai koʻu pā kila kila?
He kiʻiʻoniʻoni oxide lahilahi kēia i hana ʻia e ka wela (hoʻoheheʻe wela) a ʻaʻole ia e pōʻino. Hiki ke hoʻoneʻe ʻia me kahi mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe kila kila a i ʻole ka hopena winika.
Pehea wau e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ai i nā ʻeleʻele paʻakikī mai nā lako kīʻaha kila?
E hoʻohana i kahi paʻi o ka soda a me ka wai, a i ʻole kahi mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe kila kuhili ʻole kālepa. No nā ʻōpala paʻakikī, hiki ke hoʻohana liʻiliʻi i kahi hopena vīnega i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, ukali ʻia me ka holoi ʻana.
Hiki ke holoi ʻia nā kīʻaha kīʻaha kila i loko o kahi holoi kīʻaha?
ʻAe. Akā naʻe,, pale i nā wela kiʻekiʻe, nā mea holoi ʻoʻoleʻa, a hui pū me nā metala ʻē aʻe. E hoʻohana i ka hīnaʻi ʻokiʻoki me nā mea hoʻokaʻawale i mea e pale ai i ka ʻānai ʻana a me ka galvanic corrosion.
