ʻO Sand Candingʻo ia ke kua o keʻano o ka hana koʻikoʻi, ka hoʻohuiʻana i nā kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa me keʻano kūʻokoʻaʻole.
I waena o nā leka uila, ʻaihue kīwī (me ka carbon ma lalo 0.30 wt%) kū i waho no ka hāʻawiʻana i ka paʻakikī, ikaika, a me ka weldability i nā'āpana mai ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o nā hale liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi e pili ana i nā hihia gearbox.
I kēia loiloi loiloi, Uaʻimi mākou i ka carbon carel cheel e hele ana mai kona mau atallirgical a me nā ala ma waena o nā hana hana, Nā Hana Hana, a me nā mana kūpono.
2. He aha ka carbon kila seling?
I Kapena Kani Kūʻai Kūʻai Kūʻai, Loaʻa nā kiʻi i nā mea carbon carbon carbon carbon-i weheweheʻia e 0.05-0.30 wt% carbon-ʻO nā'ōlapa i hanaʻia mai ka unbonded a iʻole ke kauʻana.
ʻAʻole e like me nā mea kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, Hāʻawiʻo Carbon i kahi ʻO ke kaulike kūpono na ikaika, paʻakikī, markinpalibility, a wawahua, I nā mea āpau ma kahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ma kēlā me kēia kilokilo.
Eia hou, Hoʻomaka nā mea kūʻai aku o Sand-Canding e like me ka haʻahaʻa e like me USD 500 No nā hiʻohiʻona maʻalahi, hoʻokō i ka hana waiwai o nā prototypes a me hoʻokahi'āpana, e like me ka batch holo i loko o nā'āpana o nā tausani.

3. Nā kumu itallirgical
ʻO kahiʻikeʻole iʻikeʻia i ka carbon sterel ceel i lalo o kēlā me kēia noi o ke kauʻana i keʻano.
I ke ʻano wae, ke ano o NA MANAOLO DOLIAMERA, Nā Kūlana Siliko, a me ka liʻiliʻi nā mea'ē aʻe E hoʻokaʻawale i ka wai, ʻO keʻano shrink,
aʻo nā microstructure as-thrstructure, ʻO kēlā me kēia o kēlā me kēiaʻano hana mechanical hana a me ka hanaʻole.
KālekaʻAʻI & Ka Hoʻohuiʻana
Nā Kahu Pūnaewele hāʻule iʻekolu mau'āpana ākea e pili ana i ko lākou carbon kaumaha:
- Nā kāhiko haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (≤ 0.15 % C): ʻO ka hopena o nā ikaika hope loa (Us) na 350-450 mpa a me elangations ma mua 20 %, ka hanaʻana iā lākou i ka ductile maikaʻi loa.
- Nā kākela lole odium-carbon (0.15-0.30 % C): Hāʻawi iā UT o 450-550 mpa me ka elongations o 10-15 %, ka ikaika a me ka paʻakikī.
- Nā kākela kiʻekiʻe (> 0.30 % C): Hōʻike iā usts ma luna 600 Mpa, Akāʻo kā lākou mea e hele ai i ka mea nui o nā mea kākauʻana i ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka one.

Nā māka maʻamau komo istm A216 WCB (0.24-0.27 % C, Us ~ 415 Mpa), Astm A27 (0.23-0.29 % C, Us ~ 345 Mpa), a me Dina gs-42 (0.38-0.45 % C, Us ~ 520 Mpa).
ʻO kēia mau hōʻailona e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻololiʻana o ke kahawai ma ka weheʻana i nāʻikepili i kaʻikepili i nā ikaika a me nā pale lima.
ʻO ka hana a Silomon i ka wai & Shrinkage
Silikino, ma mua 1.8-2.2 %, Hana i kahi hanaʻelua:
- Hoʻonui i ka hoʻoikaika kino: Kēlā 0.5 % hoʻonui i ka mea e hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i keʻano o ka molten ceel i keʻano o ka 12 %, Ke hōʻoia nei i ka hoʻopiha pihaʻana i ka hoʻopiha pihaʻana a me nā mea kiko'ī kiko'ī.
- Mālama: Ua hāpaiʻo Silomon i ka hoʻonohonohoʻana i ka wā Conditification, ka hōʻemiʻana i ka shnikyric shrinkric 15 % ua hoʻohālikelikeʻia i nā alloys haʻahaʻa.
NOEHUI, Loaʻa pinepine nā hanana i nā pae silicon e kokoke ana i ka pae kiʻekiʻe e hōʻemi i nā leo kūloko a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hoʻopauʻana.
Nā hoʻohui hoʻohui no nā waiwai kūikawā
Ma mua o ke kolo a me ka silika, mang kāne, Chromium, a Mybrideum hana hana no nā koi koi:
- Mang kāne (0.6-1.0 %): Hana e like me ka deoxidizer, E hōʻoluʻolu i ka nui grain, a hoʻonui i ka ikaika o ka ikaika e 20 % Me kaʻole o ka paʻakikī paʻakikī.
- Chromium (≤ 0.5 %): Hoʻonui i ka paʻakikī a hoʻopaʻa i ke kū'ē, ʻoi aku ka waiwai ma nā māhele i kauʻia e pili ana i nā hoʻolaha abrasive.
- Mybrideum (≤ 0.3 %): E hoʻonui i ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe-kiʻekiʻe a me ka paleʻana, ka hanaʻana i nā'āpana i nā'āpana e like me exhaust inifolds a me nā kino steam-tram-trap.
E like me kā Microstructure
E like me ka cheel cheel cheel i loko o kahi papa o ke one, Hoʻopili ia i kahi ferrite-priceite Manoi:
- Ferrite (pepeki, dricle) ʻO nā puka mua i nā mahana ma lalo o ka wai wai, hoʻolako i ke kumu no ka paʻakikī.
- Puʻuʻupuʻu (lamellar cenute-ferrite) puka i nā mahana haʻahaʻa, Ke hoʻopiʻi nei i ka paʻakikī a me nā pale pale.
ʻO nā kumukūʻai maʻamau o ke ana (1-5 ° C / s) Hāʻawi A Ferrite Fraction o 40-60 %, me ka hoʻopiliʻana i ka priceite i ke kaulike.
I nā'āpana kiko'ī, Hiki i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe haʻahaʻa ke hoʻonui i nāʻikepili Puromite, e hooweliweli ana i ka paakiki e 15 HB Akā e hōʻemi ana i ka elongation e 2-3 %.
4. ʻO ke kaʻina hana o Sand
ʻO ka mea kūʻai aku i nā hoʻololi hoʻololi i nā carbon carbon carely i loko o nāʻano paʻakikī ma ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā pā o ke kahe.
Ma lalo, E kiko'ī mākou i kēlā me kēiaʻano hana nui, Kūʻaiʻo Welde, ka nininiʻana a me ka hoʻoponopono, a lūlūʻia me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻana i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻana i kaʻikeʻana i nā hana maikaʻi loa.
ʻO keʻano a me ke kaula
Mua a mua loa, nā mea hoʻopiʻi pololei e hoʻokaʻawale i nā mea kanu. Loaʻa pinepine nā mea loaʻa:
Nā mea hoʻohālike:
- Cnc-machini paʻa ±-02 mm dimensional pololei.
- Nā'ōkuhi lāʻau (No nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa) hoʻokō ± 0.2 mm.
- 3D-PRINTED ResIN nā hiʻohiʻona e hoʻopau i nā manawa alakaʻi i nāʻano paʻakikī.
Waihona kumuhana:
- Nā pāpale kukui hui ai 85-95 % Silica Sand, 5-7 % clay clay, a me 2-3 % wai, A laila e hoʻohālikelike ma lalo o ka pā o 4-6.
- No-Bake Resin Corein E hoʻohana i nā mea hana phenolic a iʻole fren, hāʻawi aku i nā ikaika o nā 4-6 mp mpa me ka permetabilita ma luna 300 Kinohi m³ / mni · min.
Ma o keʻano kūpono a me ke kaula, Loaʻa nāʻike i ka liʻiliʻi o ka hoʻololiʻana a me nā hemahema o loko.
Kūʻaiʻo Welde
ʻO ka hoʻonohonohoʻana o ka:
- 90 % Silica Sand, 5-7 % pāanikino, a 2-3 % wai no nā molū o Green-Sanding.
- Nā mea i hoʻopaʻaʻia (E.g., Kauka Sun) hoʻemi i ka mistiture i < 0.5 %, e hoʻopaʻa ana i nā mea hana Ct9-ct12.
Pāpelena & Hālulu:
- Kaukai paʻakikī paʻakikī na 60-70 ha (Kahakai a) e hōʻoia i ka piliʻana o ke kūpaʻa a me ka paʻaʻana.
- Pono permeibility (≥ 300 Kinohi m³ / mni · min) Mālama i keʻano o keʻano o keʻano a me ka pososity.
KahunaHila:
- Hoʻokomoʻia nā mīkini i nāʻoihana ma ka cope a me ka drag, Ke hoʻohana nei i nā kiʻi kiʻi a iʻole nā paʻi paʻi e mālama ai i ka hoʻoponoponoʻana i loko ± 0.5 mm.
- E pili ana lākou i nā'āpana'āpana (maʻamau 0.1-0.3 mm mānoanoa) E hōʻoluʻolu i ka hoʻokuʻuʻana i keʻano a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hoʻopauʻana.
Ma ka paleʻana i nā waiwai o Sand a me ka hoʻohālikelike, Ua hui pinepine nā mū o Sand Iso ct11-ct14 hiki.

Ka nininiʻana a me ka hoʻoponopono
Me nā welds mākaukau, E hoʻomau i nā hanana:
Hoʻomaha:
- Inductional furnaces i nā carbon e wela ai i ka 1450-1550 ° C, Ke hoʻopaʻa nei no 5-10 mau minuke i ka homogenize chemistry.
- ʻO nā mīkini hana deslag deslag a hoʻoponopono i ka carbon a me ka silika i ka hoʻopiliʻana (± 0.02 % C, ± 0.05 % A).
Goting & Hoʻolālā Rever:
- He pono wahi (Gates: Runner Ratio ~ 1:3) E hoʻomaka i ka holoʻana o Laminar.
- 'Anaʻa sized at 10 % o ke kāʻeiʻana i ka nui o ka hanaʻana, ʻO ka maʻamau ma ka'āpanaʻoi loa e hoʻolaha i ka hōʻoiaʻana i ke kuhikuhi.
ʻO nā uku hoʻomehana:
- Nā'āpanaʻokoʻa ma 5-10 ° C / s, ʻO ka hanaʻana i keʻano hana a me nā mea nui (~ 15 }m).
- Nā puʻu paʻa maloʻo ma 1-3 ° C / s; lihuli (E.g., Nā Kūlana Kūʻai) e hoʻokaʻawale i kahi hoʻoponopono kūloko ma luna o 50 %, ka ho'ēmiʻana i ka pololi.
Ma ka hoʻohuiʻana i ka hoʻokele melt pololei me ka hoʻopiliʻana, Loaʻa i ka loaʻaʻana o ke kani, Nā kikowaena kūlike.
Shake-waho, ʻO ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe, a me ka fettling
Hope loa, ua puka mai nā hale kūʻai mai ka mū:
Shake-waho:
- ʻO nā'ōnaehana hoʻololi Vibratory i hoʻokaʻawale i ke one mai ka mea kila i loko o 5-10 mau minuke i kēlā me kēia batch.
Uihana & Pana pua:
- ʻO nā mokulele kiʻekiʻe a me nā'ōnaehana o nā huila, ka hoʻokōʻana i kahi papa hana o Ra 6-12 μm.
Nā hana Fetling:
- Nā mea hana a iʻole ka pukaʻana o ka mīkini a iʻole nā stub, Kālekaʻo Trim, a me nā hoʻololi hoʻololi, ka hoʻokaʻawale maʻamau 1-3 mm o ka lāʻau e hoʻokō ai i nā mea hana dimensional hope.
Pre-deppection:
- ʻO nā mea kūʻai aku ma lalo o nā loiloi loiloi a me nā ana dimensional (± 0.5 MM ma nā hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi) ma mua o ka neʻeʻana i ka nānā pihaʻana.
Ma o ka'ōnaehana'ōnaehana a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe, Loaʻa i nā mea e hoʻomākaukau i nā ceel carbon ceel no ka hōʻoia kūpono a me nā mālama kālā.
5. Hoʻolālā no Sand Casting
ʻO ka moʻokāki i hoʻopaʻaʻia i nā waihona hoʻolālā:
- Nā kihiʻihi (1-3 °): Pale aku i nā pōʻino; Hoʻonui kaʻili o nā kihi.
- ʻO ke kumukūʻai match (1-3 mm): E hoʻopau i nā hiʻohiʻona hope i loko Ct11-ct12 me ka hanaʻole.
- Nā'āpana hoʻohālikelike (1.0-1.3 mm / 100 mm): E koi no ka paleʻana i ka hoʻoponopono.
- ʻO ka papa lole lole Uniform (± 10 mm): Hōʻalo i nā wahi wela a me nā kaumaha kūloko.
- Nā Kūpono & Ravid (> 1 mm): ʻO nā mea i hoʻopaʻaʻia i nā mea hoʻokele a me ke kahe hao.
- ʻO ka hoʻonohonohoʻana / Riser: Alakaʻiʻo Align me nā'āpana nui e hoʻolaha kuhikuhi i ka hōʻoia, ka ho'ēmiʻana i ka pololi 30 %.
6. Ke kaʻina hana & ʻO ka hoʻokeleʻo Dimensonal
Ke kāohi nei i nā dimensions a me ka hoʻokōʻana i nā mea hana hou i ka carbon cheel cheel cheel e noho mau ana i kahi paʻakikī.
ʻO nā hale kupapaʻu i loko o ke kauʻana o Sand
ʻO ka mea e pili ana i ka Dinansional.
Ma ke kīwīʻo Sand, ʻO nā mea hana i heluʻia ma lalo o ka Iso 8062-3 kū-starder, ʻO nā wehewehe ʻO nā hale kūʻaiʻo Tolerance (Ct) Mai Ct1 (ka nui loa) i Ct16 (liʻiliʻi loa).
No nā carbon sterel sweet, ʻO nā mea i loaʻa i ka nui o nā helu e hiki ai ke hāʻule i loko:
| Ke kahua nei | ISO Tolerance Helu | Laina laina linear (mm) |
|---|---|---|
| 'Ōmaʻomaʻo | Ct13 - ct14 | ± 2.0 - ± 3.5 mm (no ka 100 mm alimension) |
| ʻAʻohe Keiki | Ct11 - ct13 | ± 1.0 - ± 2.5 mm |
| Nā Wīwī | Ct8 - ct10 | ± 0.6 - ± 1.5 mm |
ʻO nā mea nui e pili ana i ka hana pololei
1. Nā hiʻohiʻona o nā Keiki
- ʻO Grain Loveness: Hoʻopau nui nā mea nui i ka helu kiko'ī a me ka hoʻopauʻana a me ka hoʻopauʻana a me ka ho'ēmiʻana i ka permelibility a e pili paha.
- Kaiwa & Nā manaʻo Binder: ʻO ka hoʻokaʻawaleʻana i ka ratio mika i ka ulia a iʻole nā hemahema e pili ana, e alakaʻi ana i nā incimensicies dimensional.
2. Palapala Moho
- Nā hoʻohui hoʻohui e hōʻoia i nā'āpanaʻelua. Hiki i ka ramming a iʻole ka vibration e hiki ai i ka pā o ka paia a iʻole ka loliʻana.
3. ʻO ka pololei kūpono
- Lole lole, kūlike kalewa kala, a iʻole ke kāʻiliʻana i ka mālamaʻana i nā hana hewa. Ua hoʻomaikaʻi a iʻole nā mea hoʻonaninani CNC-a iʻole 3D.
4. Shlan
- ʻO nā hōʻailona maʻamau o Carbon e 1.0% i 2.5% I ka wā hoʻoponopono a me ka hōʻoluʻolu, Ke hilinaʻi nei i ka hoʻohālikelike a me ka geometry.
- Hiki ke koi i nā geometx.
5. PAUKU PAUKU
- ʻO nā wahi i hoʻopaʻaʻia i nā wahi a me nā'āpana hou aʻe.
- Hiki i nā'āpanaʻili ke hōʻike i ke kikowaena kikowaena kikowaena, nā wahi wela, a iʻole ke kauaʻana ināʻaʻole kūpono a iʻoleʻia.
Nāʻenehana no ka hoʻomaikaʻiʻana i ka mana dimensional
E hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻopiliʻana i ka pololei a ho'ēmi i nā koi post-post, hana hou i nā mea hou e hana i nā hoʻolālā he nui:
- E hoʻohana i nā'ōnaehana moding moding: ʻO nā che i keʻano o nā molū i hōʻikeʻia e hōʻike ana i ka ikaikaʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.
- Mold pre-hoʻomehana: ʻO nā moʻoʻana ma mua o ka nininiʻana i nā hoʻololiʻana i keʻano o ka mahana a me ke kauaʻana.
- Kāleka: Hoʻopili i nā chategtically i nā chulls i ka wikiwiki e hoʻopili ana i nā wahi wela e hōʻemi i ka hoʻohālikelikeʻoleʻana.
- Simulation lako polokalamu: Kōkuaʻo ka hoʻohālikelikeʻana a me ka simulation simulation a me ka uku no ka shrink.

Hoʻopau i nā manaʻo i nā manaʻo
ʻO ka maʻiʻeha i loko o Sand-hoʻolei i ke ana o ka carbonar samer Ra (Nā molerics):
| Kaʻina hana | ʻO ka paʻakikī maʻamau (Ra) |
|---|---|
| 'Ōmaʻomaʻo | 12 - 25 }m |
| ʻAʻohe Keiki | 6 - 12 }m |
| Nā wili lei | 3 - 6 }m |
7. Hōʻoia maikaʻi & Manaʻo
Nā hōʻike hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua
Loaʻa i loaʻa i ka hana mechanical per:
- Astm e8: Ka ikaika a me ka elongation.
- Astm e23: ʻO keʻanoʻo Chary V-Notch i ka paʻakikī.
- 'Ōpala paʻakikī (HRC 20-30): Hana paʻakikī paʻakikī.
ʻO ka loiloi loiloiʻoleʻole
Hoʻohana mākou:
- Hoʻoili pūnaewele: ʻIke i nā posity kūloko ≥ 2 mm.
- ʻO ka ho'āʻoʻana: Nele i nā flaws volumetric flaws ≥ 1 mm.
- Ke nānāʻana i ka mana o Magnetic: Hōʻike i nā cracks papa ≥ 0.5 mm.
Nā Kūlana Kūʻai Statistical
Ma ka nānāʻana Kepana a Cpk, Loaʻa nāʻike Cpk ≥ 1.33 No nā'āpana koʻikoʻi.
Hōʻike mua (Holo) e hōʻoia i nā mea kūʻai mua e hālāwai me nā koi dtg ma mua o ka holo pihaʻana.
8. ʻO nā hana mālama
ʻOiai keʻano o ke kaʻina hana mua e wehewehe i keʻano a me nā waiwai maʻamau o nā'āpana carbon ceel ceel,
Post-kūʻai aku i nā hana lapaʻau e pāʻani ai i kahi hana koʻikoʻi ma ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka hana mechanical hana, dimensional pololei, Kahiki Pāʻani Waiwai, a me ka lōʻihi lōʻihi.
ʻO kēia mau hana maʻamauʻaʻole e hoʻoponopono hou i nā hana āpau.
ʻO nā mea mālama wela
ʻO nā pahu kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa pinepine e hoʻokaʻawale i kahi papa o ʻO nā mea mālama wela e hoʻokele i kā lākou microstructure a hoʻomaikaʻi i nā waiwai mechanical.
ʻO ke koho o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa e pili ana i nā koi noi, ʻO ka paʻakikī i makemakeʻia, kumaikalua, a me ke kūlana kaumaha kūloko.
Hana maʻamau
- Ke kaʻina hana: Hoʻeaʻai i ~ 870-950 ° C, ukali e ka ea o ka ea.
- Kumu: Hōʻike i ka hoʻonohonoho grain, E hōʻoluʻolu i nā kaumaha kūloko, a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka mancinability.
- Hopena: E hoʻolaha i kahi mea i hoʻohanaʻia i ka matrite ferrite-priceite matrix me ka ikaika a me ka paʻakikī.
ʻO ka huhū a me ka hoʻowalewale
- Ke kaʻina hana: Rapid holoi (maʻamau ma ka aila a wai paha) mai ka austenitizing wela (~ 840-900 ° C), ukaliia e ka hoihoi hou ana i ~ 500-650 ° C.
- Kumu: Hoʻonui i ka paʻakikī a me ka ikaika o keʻano a ke kāohiʻana i ka brittle.
- HE KAHUI: Nā mea paʻaʻole-resistant a me nā'āpana hoʻonohonoho i kauʻia e ka hopena.
Annalile
- Ke kaʻina hana: Lohi i ka ho'ōlaʻana mai ~ 800-850 ° C.
- Kumu: E hoʻolōʻihi i ka mea no ka machider maʻalahi a hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kūpaʻa dimensional.
- Hopena: Hana i kahi hoʻolālā ferritic carritic me ka hōʻemi o ka paʻakikī a me ka ikaika.
Ke kaumaha nei ke kaumaha
- Lumi mahalaha: 540-650 ° C.
- Kumu: Hoʻemi i nā kaumaha o ke koena mai ka hoʻoponoponoʻana i kaʻikeʻole a iʻole machining me kaʻole o ka hoʻololiʻana i ka micropsructure.
Nāʻikepiliʻikepili: Astm A216 WCB Kiki, ʻO kahi papa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ka mea maʻamau e hōʻea i nā ikaika o ka nui o 485-655 MPA ma hope o ka hanaʻana a me ka huhū.
ʻO nā ala e hoʻonui ai
ʻO ka maikaʻi ka maikaʻi o ka honua i nā wahi i hōʻikeʻia eʻaʻahu ai, Kuupuiawi, a iʻole ka friction. ʻO ka mālamaʻana i nā hana i hoʻopaʻaʻia i ka hanaʻana i nā hana aesthetics a me ka hoʻonui nuiʻana i ke ola kūpono.
Pana aku la i ka pohō a panaʻia
- Kumu: Hoʻopau i ke kikowaena noho, kūkaku, a me nā'opa; hoʻomaikaʻi i ke ola momona e ka hoʻopiliʻana i ke kaumaha koʻikoʻi.
- Ka paakiki: Hoʻemiʻia i ka 6-12 μm ra, Ke hilinaʻi nei i nā media a me ka ikaika.
Kāhu a me Wehe
- Zinc cheating (Garvalirigigling): Hoʻopili i ke kū'ē kū'ē, no ka hoʻohanaʻana i waho.
- ʻO ka phosphate a me nā loleʻekeʻeleʻele: Hāʻawi i ka librication a me nā pale liʻiliʻi.
- Chrome a iʻole nickel i kau: Hoʻohanaʻia i nā noi kūikawā no ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka paʻakikī paʻakikī a iʻole ke kū'ēʻana.
Kāleka a ʻO ka paleʻana
- Maʻamau no nā papa hanaʻoleʻole, hoʻolako i ka paleʻana o ka corrosion a me kaʻikeʻike.
- Hoʻohana pinepineʻia ma hope o ka machining e mālama i nā mea hana dimensional.
CNC MACHING O KE KAI LOA
Ma muli o kaʻili wai, 'Āpana Kauka moʻoʻiwor, a me nā kūlana kūlana kūponoʻole, E koho ponoʻiaʻo Carbon Carbon Cnc iching nā hoʻolālā e mālama ai i ke komoʻana a pale aku i nā mea hana.

ʻO ka noʻonoʻoʻana:
- Hoao: Hoʻohana i nā mea hana kaʻa a iʻole nā mea hana i hanaʻia no ka hoʻomaikaʻiʻana i ke kū'ē.
- Nā meaʻai a me nā wikiwiki: Nā wikiwiki haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (60-120 m / i) a me nā mea e hānai ai e hōʻemi i ke kamaʻilio kamaʻilio a me ka hanauna wela.
- Hoʻohanaʻiaʻo Coololan: Ua'ōleloʻia nā cuding i hoʻopiliʻia no ka laweʻana i ka mea e haʻalele ai i ka chrmal.
- ʻAeʻia: ʻO ka hapa nui o 1-3 MM o ka lāʻau machining Stock i waihoʻia ma nā wahi i kauʻia no ka hoʻopauʻana i ka machining.
9. Nā noi noiʻi nui
Pono & ʻO kaʻoihana
- Nā kino valve
- Nā Hale Hōʻikeʻike
- Flanges a me nā kūpono
ʻO ka hana hana kaumaha
- Nā leʻaleʻa o nā kāne
- Kākau i nā loulou a me nā mea hāʻawi
- Mau mea pale
Infrastructure hoʻomohala
- ʻO ke kālena manhole a me nā kiʻi
- Nā'āpana Railway
- Wai a me nā'āpana'āpana
Autoomotive a me ka halihali
- Na'Āpana Engine
- ʻO Chassis a me nā'āpana subpension
- Kaʻa a me nā'āpana trailer
Mana pā'āʻu
- Nā kāpenaʻo Turbine
- Nā ipu koʻikoʻi
- Nā mea kālepa i kauʻia
Marine a me nā moku moku
- Nā Kūlana Kūʻai a me nā Kīwī
- Nā'āpana mīkini
- Ponoʻia
Ka ikehu hou
- ʻO ka makaniʻo Turbine Hubs a me nā kiʻi
- ʻO nā mea iʻikeʻo Hydroelectric Turbine
- Nā papa'āina solar
10. ʻO nā kila carbon maʻamau e kāʻei ana i nā māka (Ka Open Opo)
| Kino kino | Ka helu maʻamau | Kumu | ʻO ka hihia maʻamau | Nā moʻolelo |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hosm (USA) | Astm A216 | Wca, Wcb, Wc | Nā kino valve, Nā Hale Hōʻikeʻike | Hoʻohana nuiʻia no ka hoʻoikaikaʻana i nā hale noho |
| Astm A27 | 60-30, 65-35, 70-36, 80-50 | Nā'ōlelo aʻoʻenehana maʻamau | No nā kila kila maʻamau-kumu | |
| Astm A148 | 80-50, 90-60, 105-85 | Nā'āpana kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe | Hoʻohana pinepineʻia i nā gears, hums, a me nā mea hana hoʻolālā | |
| Astm A352 | Lca, Lcb, Lcc | Lawe aku ka lawelawe haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (Cessogen) | Hoʻopiliʻia no nā'ōnaehana hoʻohālikelike haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa | |
| I (Europa) | I 10213 | Gp340RD, Gp280gh | Nā kīʻaha a me nā mea kūpono | ʻO nā kila wela wela |
| I 10293 | GS-38, GS-45, GS-52 | Hoʻolālāʻo mechanication | ʻO nā mea hoʻokele-kumu-kumu | |
| Mai (Kelemānia) | Mai 1681 | GS-C25, GS-C35 | Hana a me nā mea mīkini | Hoʻohanaʻia i loko o nā hale kūʻai maʻamau |
| Gb (Kina) | Gb / t 11352 | ZG270-500, ZG310-570 | Nā mīkini a me nā'āpanaʻoihana | Ikaika ikaika a me ka paʻakikī |
| Gb / t 5676 | ZG16mn, Zg35 | Ka hoʻohanaʻana, Nā'ōnaehana Hydraulic | Maikaʻi maikaʻi a me ka mancinability | |
| Oia (Iapana) | Jis g5502 | Sc410, Sc450, Sc480, Sc520 | Aitompetitive, Hoʻolālāʻo mechanication | ʻO ka Carbon a me Moloy ke kila i kapaʻia |
| Bs (Uk) | Bs 3100 | A1, A2, A4 | Nā alahaka, kikowaena, ʻO nā noi Marine | ʻO nā mākaʻo Mechanical Trail |
| Gost (Lukia) | Gost 977-88 | 20L, 25L, 35L, 45L | Nā'āpana maʻamau | Hoʻohanaʻia ma nā'āina cis no nā'āpanaʻoihana |
| Oe (ʻInia) | Oe 1030 | 230-450 W, 280-520 W | Ana kikowaena | Kūlana no ke kumu o ka canibon maʻamau |
11. ʻO kēia'S one e kaohi ana i ka hiki
E like me ka inoa hilinaʻi i loko o ka mea metala pololei, Deze hoʻokumu lawe mai i nā makahiki he mau makahiki a me keʻano hou aku i ka carel carbon sterel canding.
Ka hoʻohuiʻana i nāʻoihana holomua, nā hana hanaʻenehana, a me ka hōʻoia maikaʻi maikaʻi,
ʻO kēia ua hoʻokumu iā ia iho he hoa hana hoʻolālā no ka noiʻana i nā mea kūʻai aku honua ma waena o ka aila & aila, Ke Kaaloa, ikaika, a me nā mea hana hana kaumaha.
ʻO ka waiwai waiwai & 'Āpana
ʻO kēia E hana pono i nā laina e hoʻopiliʻia ana i nā lālani ʻO ka medium i nā hale nui nui mai 2 kg i luna 5,000 kg. ʻO kā mākou mau hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona:
- Nā laina moding molding no ka nui o ka reporedibility a kūlike i ka pololei
- Nā Kiʻi Kuʻi Holo: 'ōmaʻomaʻo, furan no-cake, a me nā'ōnaehana hoʻonohonoho
- 3Nā hiʻohiʻona D-PRCHED a me nā mea hana cnc-prosined no ka rapid prototyping a me nā geomex paʻakikī
- Ma ka paepae o ka pūnaewele me nā mea uila a me nā indiction incenacing e kākoʻo ana i nā carbon a me nā kinipōpō haʻahaʻa
ʻO ka carbon steel grade i hāʻawiʻia
Hana mākou i kahi ākea ākea o nā kāleka carbon, tailored no nā noi a me nā noi-lole-koʻikoʻi, me ka:
- Astm A216 WCB - nā mea paʻa e mālama ai i nā'āpana, ʻO ke kumu kūʻai kalepa maʻamau-kumu
- Astm A27 Helu 60-30 / 70-36 - hoʻohana maʻamau ka hoʻohanaʻana, haʻahaʻa i ka ikaika medium
- Astm A148 105-85 -ʻO ke kāʻei kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe no ka lole a me nā hōʻeha kino
- Nā helu helu helu me nā mea'ē aʻe (Cr, Mo, Mn, I) E hoʻokō i nā kiko'ī o nā mea kūʻai aku
Ua hōʻoiaʻia nā'ōlelo hoʻopunipuni a pau i ka hoʻohanaʻana Hōʻike hoʻohālikelike a kāohiʻia i loko o nā mea paʻa paʻa no ka hana.
Hui muaʻana & Ke kaʻina hanaʻana
ʻO kēia nā kāʻei i nā mea kanu i waena o Ct10-ct13, me ka loaʻaʻana o ka nohoʻana o ka Ra 6-12 μm, Ke hilinaʻi nei i ke kaʻina hana mold a'āpana paʻakikī.
Ua hoʻonuiʻiaʻo Dimensional pololei:
- Ke hoʻohālikelikeʻia nei i ke kākoʻoʻana a me ka hoʻoponopono lima
- Nā mea hoʻohālikelike e hoʻohana ana Magmanuaft® a KUPONO No ka gating, Awakahi, a me nā mea hoʻoponopono kūpono
- Ke nānā aku nei i ka nānāʻana a Nā Kūlana Kūʻai Statistical (Spc) E hōʻemi i ka hoʻololiʻana i ka hoʻokaʻawaleʻana
No nā mea hoʻohālikelike-koʻikoʻi, Ct scanning a Cmm nānā hōʻoia i ka hoʻokūkū geometrical a me ke kūpaʻa kūloko.
Lawelawe lawelawe
E hāʻawi i nā'āpana koho koho, ʻO kēia hāʻawi i kahi koi piha o ka hoʻopauʻana a me nā lawelawe lawelawe:
- ʻO ka mālama wela i ka hale: hana maʻamau, Annalile, Queech, na hoihoi
- Machining e paʻa ai nā mea paʻa Me CNC huli, MilightʻAʻole, a me ka drilling
- Kaona Kahua: pana pua, Kāleka, garvalirigigling, a me nā pāpale lole
- ʻO ka hōʻike hoʻokaumahaʻole (Ndt): Ultrasinatic, Kālā'ōnaehana radio, a me ka nānāʻana o ka paila magnetic
12. Hopena
Carbon sterel cam chesh chesh i hāʻawi i ka waiwai i hāʻawiʻoleʻia no ka hana kaumaha, nā'āpana nui nui.
Ma ka hoʻohuiʻana i nā hana metallirgical kani, Nā Kūlana Kūlana Kūlana, Hoʻolālā-no-mālama, a rigorous qa, Hiki i nā mea hana ke hana i nā'āpana paʻakikī e hui ai i nā koi kūpono e pili ana i ka uku hoʻokūkū.
ʻO kēia ʻO ke koho kūpono kūpono no kāu hana hana e pono ai inā makemakeʻoe i ka maikaʻi kiʻekiʻe Nā Kauka Kūleʻa Warbom Sand.



