Алуминијумске легуре: Врсте, Grades, и апликације

Легуре алуминијума се широко користе у различитим индустријама због своје мале тежине, отпорност на корозију, и висококвалитетне обрадивости.

Information on the distinctive kinds of aluminum alloys, their grades, and their unique applications will let you make an informed selection for your mission.

This article will take you through the various aluminum alloy sorts, њихова својства, и апликације.

What’s Aluminum Alloy?

Aluminum alloys are an aggregate of aluminum with one or more other elements, commonly along with copper, магнезијум, манган, силицијум, и цинк.

Those alloys decorate the mechanical residences of natural aluminum, making it more potent, greater durable, and suitable for a huge range of packages.

Aluminum alloys are categorized into collections based on their primary alloying elements, affecting their homes and usage.

Properties of Aluminum

Aluminum is prized for several advantageous houses:

1. Лаган: the standard weight of aluminum is precisely 2.7 Г / цм³, about one-0.33 the load of steel, which makes it ideal for applications in which weight reduction is crucial.
2. Отпорност на корозију: natural aluminum forms a shielding oxide layer that resists corrosion. This property is in addition more advantageous in lots of alloys.
3. Electric and Thermal Conductivity: Aluminum has superb electrical and thermal conductivity, making it treasured for electrical and warmth trade packages.

The way to perceive Aluminum Alloy Grades?

Identifying aluminum alloy grades involves information on the numerical designation and collection assigned to special varieties of aluminum alloys.

Aluminum alloys are categorized into several collections based on their primary alloying factors, each with particular residences and applications.

Here is a manual to help identify and understand aluminum alloy grades:

Understanding the Alloy collection

Aluminum alloys are categorized into collections, represented through four-digit numbers. The primary digit suggests the major alloying detail：

“1” signifies pure aluminum with no alloying factors.

“2” shows the presence of copper.

“5” denotes magnesium.

“6” represents a mixture of magnesium and silicon.

“7” indicates zinc.

“8” is used for different alloying factors.

Those numbers are used to categorize all aluminum alloys. На пример, because “5” represents magnesium, all copper-primarily based aluminum alloys could be inside the “5xxx series”.

The second digit within the alloy number regularly signifies a variant within the alloy, at the same time as the 0.33 and fourth digits represent unique alloys in the collection.

As an instance:

• 6061: a completely commonplace grade inside the 6000 collection with top mechanical residences.
• 2024: known for high power and exact fatigue resistance, usually utilized in aerospace packages.

Inside the 1xxx series, which represents almost pure aluminum (барем 99%), the closing two digits display the minimum aluminum content material above ninety percent.

На пример, 1070 aluminum consists of a minimum of ninety-nine. 70% natural aluminum.

Spotting mood Designations

Aluminum alloys also have temper designations, indicated by employing a suffix following the alloy variety (Нпр., 6061-Т6). The mood designation describes the alloy’s warmness treatment or work-hardening country:

• Ф: As fabricated (no unique controls over the situation).
• О: Жарозан (softened).
• Х: pressure-hardened (cold-worked).
• Т: Thermally handled to produce stable tempers other than F, О, or H.

На пример:

6061-Т6: solution heat-dealt with and artificially aged to achieve high electricity.

Packages and houses as Clues

Understanding the application and required homes can also assist perceive an appropriate aluminum alloy grade.

На пример, 2024 или 7075 would be appropriate for packages requiring excessive electricity and fatigue resistance. 5052 или 6061 could be perfect for proper corrosion resistance and weldability.

Using material requirements and Databases

Confer with international requirements which include ASTM, У, or JIS, which offer specifications and suggestions on exceptional aluminum alloy grades, compositions, and residences.

Different Grades of Aluminum Alloys

Aluminum alloys are categorized into series based on their primary alloying detail, every supplying specific residences:

1xxx series:

these are essentially natural aluminum with not less than 99% aluminum content. Known for exceptional corrosion resistance, обрадивост, and high thermal conductivity.

Usually used in electrical and chemical industries (Нпр., 1050, 1100).

• application: widespread-reason sheet and foil, паковање хране, and warmth exchangers.

2ккк Сериес:

Copper is the primary alloying element, imparting high electricity and fatigue resistance however decreases corrosion resistance. These alloys are especially utilized in aerospace applications (Нпр., 2024).

• application: Aerospace structures, plane parts, and high-energy applications.

3ккк Сериес:

Manganese is the primary detail, imparting mild energy and excellent corrosion resistance. Perfect for applications like beverage cans and roofing sheets (Нпр., 3003, 3105).

• application: Прибор за кување, Резервоари за складиштење, and architectural sheeting.

4ккк Сериес:

Silicon is brought to reduce the melting point, making those alloys suitable for welding and brazing programs (Нпр., 4032, 4047).

• application: automobile elements, engine additives, and building construction.

5ккк Сериес:

Magnesium is the number one alloying element, acknowledged for suitable corrosion resistance and weldability. Typically utilized in marine environments (Нпр., 5052, 5083).

• application: plane components, marine programs, and architectural sheeting.

6ккк Сериес:

Composed of magnesium and silicon, these alloys are versatile with top energy, отпорност на корозију, и обрада. Widely utilized in construction and automotive applications (Нпр., 6061, 6063).

• application: Structural additives, прозорски оквири, and well-known engineering.

7ккк Сериес:

Zinc is the number one alloying element, offering the very best energy amongst aluminum alloys. Broadly speaking utilized in aerospace and excessive-strain programs (Нпр., 7075).

• application: Aerospace additives, Авионске структуре, and excessive-performance packages.

8ккк Сериес:

other factors (Нпр., lithium, гвожђе). Those alloys are used for specialized programs, including aluminum foil and some electric programs. Common grades: 8006, 8090.

• application: excessive-performance aerospace additives and specialized army applications.

Common kinds of Aluminum Alloy used in Machining

У погледу машинске обраде, choosing the right aluminum alloy is crucial for achieving the desired mechanical residences, surface end, and overall performance. Right here are a number of the most generally used aluminum alloys in machining, together with their houses and typical applications:

1. Алуминијум 5052

Састав: mostly aluminum with magnesium as the principal alloying element.

homes:

• Incredible corrosion resistance.
• Accurate electricity-to-weight ratio.
• Excessive formability and workability.

programs:

• Marine and naval programs because of their resistance to saltwater corrosion.
• Car parts, particularly for frame panels and interior components.
• Electronic enclosures and consumer items.

2. Алуминијум 6061

Састав: An aggregate of aluminum, магнезијум, и силицијум.

homes:

• Excessive corrosion resistance, нарочито, while dealt with.
• Good strength and machinability.
• Exquisite weldability.

packages:

• Structural additives inside the aerospace enterprise.
• Bicycle frames and different sporting goods.
• Грађевински материјали, which include window frames and doors.

3. Алуминијум 6063

Састав: Aluminum with magnesium and silicon.

homes:

• Excessive corrosion resistance.
• Good power and terrific end first-rate.
• High formability and extrudability.

апликације:

• Architectural applications like window frames and door components.
• Railings and fences.
• Fixtures components.

4. Алуминијум 7075

Састав: Aluminum with zinc because of the number one alloying detail, together with magnesium and copper.

houses:

• Very high strength-to-weight ratio.
• Accurate fatigue strength.
• Pretty top corrosion resistance but can be improved with coatings.

апликације:

• Aerospace additives consist of plane landing gears and fuselage sections.
• Excessive-overall performance bicycle frames and bike elements.
• Tooling and furniture that require high power and stress.

Concerns about deciding on the right Aluminum Alloy kind

The machinability rating of an aluminum alloy shows its suitability for CNC machining. Drastically, 6061-Т6, 2011, и 7075 aluminum have high to mild machinability, making them best for generating complex elements with targeted specs.

• Machinability rating: some alloys are less difficult to devise than others. На пример, 6061 is usually simpler to device than 7075.
• Material prices and Availability: higher-power alloys like 7075 tend to be extra expensive and can have restrained availability in comparison to more commonplace alloys.
• Warmness remedy: some alloys require a warmness remedy to decorate their homes, affecting cost and complexity.

Solid Alloys vs. Wrought Alloys: What are the differences?

• Metallic alloying elements: forged alloys commonly incorporate better levels of alloying factors, which can affect their properties.
• Fabrication strategies: Wrought alloys are processed through rolling, ковање, or extrusion, even as cast alloys are solidified from molten metal.
• Residences: Wrought alloys commonly have better mechanical properties and are more uniform, while forged alloys can be tailored for specific applications.

Applications of Aluminum Alloys

1. Аутомобиле индустрија: Used for body panels, engine additives, and wheels because of their lightweight and corrosion resistance.
2. Ваздухопловство индустрија: vital for structural components because of excessive energy-to-weight ratios.
3. Clinical enterprise: Used for clinical systems and units because of its biocompatibility and resistance to corrosion.
4. Electrical and Electronics Engineering: best for heat sinks, конектори, and wiring due to its exceptional conductivity.

Get Aluminum Machining solutions at DEZE

На овом, we provide complete ЦНЦ обрада solutions for aluminum alloys tailor-made for your project’s needs. Whether you want excessive-precision components or big-scale manufacturing, our team lets you choose the proper alloy and provides top-notch machining services.

Закључак

Know-how the one-of-a-kind types of aluminum alloys, their grades, and specific programs is crucial for choosing the right clothes for your project. Every alloy gives particular homes, and the right desire relies upon the supposed application, price considerations, и обрада.

Референца садржаја：

Https://www.Astm.Org/

Https://www.Cencenelec.Ecu/european-standardization/ecu-standards/

хттпс://dz-machining.com/types-of-aluminum-alloys/

Често постављана питања

К: what is the difference between 6061 и 7075 алуминијум?

А: 6061 is extra corrosion-resistant and easier to weld, whilst 7075 is more potent and extra suitable for excessive-stress packages.

К: What’s the most corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy?

А: Alloys within the 5xxx series, which include 5052, offer brilliant corrosion resistance.

К: Which aluminum alloy is nice for outdoor use?

А: 5052 is notable for outside use due to its high corrosion resistance.

К: What aluminum alloy is pleasant for machining?

А: Легуре попут 6061 и 7075 are commonly used in machining for their first-rate machinability and mechanical residences.

К: Can all aluminum alloys be warmth-dealt with?

А: Не, simplest positive alloys like 2xxx, 6ккк, and 7xxx series can be heat-deleted to increase energy.

By cautiously thinking about the houses and packages of various aluminum alloys, you can ensure that your tasks are optimized for performance and sturdiness.

This guide needs to help you better recognize aluminum alloys, њихове врсте, and their packages. In case you want further assistance or machining offerings, touch DEZE these days!