He aha ka mea haoʻo Ductile?

1. Hōʻikeʻike

'Āwili hao hao, pinepine i kapaʻiaʻo Nodular i ka hao hao a iʻole ka hao kiʻi sptherrol.

I 1948, Uaʻikeʻo Keith Millis e hoʻohui i kahi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o ka magnerium i ka mea hao i hanaʻia ma lalo o nā flakes spherical ma mua o nā flakes.

ʻO kēia paleʻana i ka paleʻana i ka ductile (Mai), e hui pū me ka hoʻokele a me ka hoʻokele waiwai me ka ikaika o ka ikaika a me ka elongation.

ʻO kaʻatikala kēiaʻatikala i loko o keʻano kumu nui o Ductile, kāna meaʻono a me nā microstructure, ʻO ka hana mechanication, ʻO nā ala hana, Ke kū'ē neiʻo Corrosionion,

Nā noi nui, Loaʻa a me nā palena, a me nā hoʻohālikelike i nā kumuwaiwai'ē aʻe.

2. He aha ka mea haoʻo Ductile?

'Āwili hao hao (Mai) e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana e like me kaʻohana hao hao i hōʻikeʻia e ka sptheroral (Noodular) ʻO nā kiʻi kiʻi kiʻiʻia e hoʻopiliʻia i loko o kahi matrix Metrix.

I ka hoʻohālikelikeʻana i ke kiʻi uila o kaʻulaʻula, e pili ana i ka noʻonoʻoʻana, ʻO ka kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi i hopuʻia, e hoʻopau i ka hana ductile.

ʻO nā hōʻailona hao haoʻo Duvile i ka hana ma waena o ka hina hina a me nā kila haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.

ʻO nā mea hana hana ductile durctile shet hao no nā'āpana ma lalo o nā ukana cyclic, kahi a me ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ka hopena hopena.

Eia hou, ʻO ka machninibility a kokoke i ka hiki-like-like-like me keʻano hiki ke hōʻemi i ka hiki ke ho'ēmi.

3. ʻO nā'ōnaehana o keʻano a me nā'ōnaehana alloy

Kikowaena kikowaena: Fe-c-si-mn-p-s

ʻO Ductive Cat Cat i kahi kumu o ka nui o ka uluʻana o ka mea hina hina'Eron (Lia), KālekaʻAʻI (C), Silikino (A), mang kāne (Mn), phoshorus (P), a me ka sulfr (S).

ʻO kahi mea e pili ana i keʻano o keʻano o keʻano maʻamau no ka papa maʻamau (Astm A536 65-45-12) paha:

• C: 3.5 - 3.8 wt %
• A: 2.2 - 2.8 wt %
• Mn: 0.1 - 0.4 wt %
• P: ≤ 0.08 wt %
• S: ≤ 0.025 wt %

Luna kilokio (≥ 2 wt %) Hoʻopau i ke kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi ma mua o ka cementite, aʻo ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (< 0.025 wt %) pale aku i nā manaʻo nui e hoʻopili ai me ka hoʻokumu no ka nodule.

Nodullizing i nā mea: Magnesum (Mg), Kipuka (C Ce), a me nā waimaka (NāʻOihana)

Nodularity ma Ductile Trot itro i hāpaiʻia mai ka hoʻohuiʻana i ka magnesium-maʻamau maʻamau 0.03% - 0.05% Mg-Tū molten hao.

Loaʻa i nāʻike i ka magnesium ma o Mg-fester molys alloys Oole Nā Wā COED. ʻO ka ikaika ikaika o Magnesium no nā mgs sulfur, No laila ua paʻa loa lākou i ka sulfur e noho ma lalo 0.025%.

Nui nā hanana 0.005 - 0.01 ʻO WT% CERIUM a iʻole nā ​​mea i loaʻaʻole No ka hoʻoponoponoʻana i keʻano nodule a me ka nui, ʻO ka hoʻomaikaʻiʻana i ka hana mechanical, nui ma nā'āpana mānoanoa.

ʻO kēia mau hoʻohui hou e hōʻemi hou i kaʻike i nāʻano likeʻole ma Sulfur a me ka oxygen.

Hoʻohui hou: Liulaala (Cu), Nickel (I), Mybrideum (Mo), Chromium (Cr)

E hana ikaika, paʻakikī, a iʻole ke kū'ēʻana, Loaʻa nā waiwai i hoʻohuiʻia i nā alapine waena:

• Liulaala (Cu): 0.2 - 0.5 wt % Hoʻonui i ka hoʻokumuʻana o ka Milime, ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka ikaika e 10 - 20 %.
• Nickel (I): 0.5 - 1.5 wt % hoʻonui i ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ke kū'ēʻana.
• Mybrideum (Mo): 0.2 - 0.4 wt % hoʻomaikaʻi i nā mea paʻakikī a me ka pale pale no ka lawelawe kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe.
• Chromium (Cr): 0.2 - 0.5 wt % E kū'ē i ka paleʻana o ka paleʻana a me ka cirmer microstructure.

Maki, Ua noho mau ka nui o nā'ōpala o ka hao hao 1 - 2 wt % o ka cu + I + Mo + Cr, e hōʻoia ana i ke kumukūʻai-kūpono i ka wā e hālāwai ai i nā pahuhopu hana.

Nā Kūlana a me nā helu

• Astm A536 (USA): 60-40-18, 65-45-12, 80-55-06 Nā Kaumaka.
• Iso 1083 (Europa): En-gjs-400-15, Gjs-450-10, GJS-700-2.
• ʻO kāu hoʻokahi 1563 (Kelemānia): Gg-25, GS-32, GS-45 mau kaulike.

4. Kino kino a me nā mīkini hana o ka ductile i haoʻia

Ikaika ikaika, Ka ikaika, a me ka defility

ʻO ka inoa o Ductile i haoʻia ka huiʻana o ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ka mahalo mahalo:

Ma ka hoʻohālikelike, ʻO nā hua manu hina hina wale nō 200 - 300 Mpa ʻO ka ikaika o ka ikaika me ka leʻaleʻaʻole.

No ka mea,ʻo nā kiʻi kiʻi kiʻiʻo DODUSITE BLUNT BLUNT CRACK EXPEL, E hala aku i nā keʻenaʻelua i nā heluʻelua no nā helu haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.

Paʻakikī a hoʻopaʻa i ke kū'ē

ʻO nā pale paʻakikī o ka hao 170 - 320 HB, Ke hilinaʻi nei i ka papa a me ka matrix:

• Kahi papa ferritic (60-40-18) hāʻawi a puni 170 HB, He kūpono no nā hale kūʻai maʻamau (MatifalD, Nā Frame).
• ʻO kahi papa kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe (80-55-06) hoʻokō 260 - 320 HB, Hoʻopili i nā kilokilo haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa-alloy i loko o ka paleʻana i ke kū'ē no nā mea kaua, Kākau, a me nā mea hoʻopuka.

I ka wā e kū ai ke kū'ē, Koho pinepine nā mea hana hana ʻO Austempeed Ductile hao (Adi),

e hiki ana 300 - 450 HB Ma hope o ka mālama wela, ʻO ka paʻakikī paʻakikī me ka paʻakikī o ke koena.

ʻO ke ola momona a me ka hopena paʻakikī

ʻO nā kiʻi spherical i haoʻiaʻo Soptic:

• Ka palena momona kū pinepine ma ≈ 40% o Uts. No a 65-45-12 Kumu (ʻO'OTS ≈ 500 Mpa), Ua hiki i ka hōʻehaʻana 200 Mpa I nā 10⁷ mau hana ma lalo o ke kāʻeiʻana.
• Hopena paʻakikī (ʻO ka V-Notch ma 20 ° C) nā wahi mai 15 - 60 J, Ke hilinaʻi nei i ka papa. Ka ikaika haʻahaʻa, ʻO Ferritic-waiwai nui e hōʻiliʻili i ka 60 J, ʻO nā pahu kīwī piha piha i ka papa 15 J.

ʻO kēia mau waiwai he hao hina hina (10 - 20 J) a hoʻokokoke i ke kila haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ka hanaʻana i ka ducile drictile i koho maikaʻiʻia no nā noi kiʻekiʻe e like me nā crankshafts a me ka hoʻopiliʻana i nā koʻokoʻo.

Modulus o ka elasticity a me ka hiki

ʻAʻole like me ka hina hina 100 - 120 GPA Chilulus, ʻO nā mea i haoʻiaʻo Ductile i haoʻia 170 - 200 GPA, e pili ana i ka hoʻopiliʻana i nā kila haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.

ʻO kēia paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe, hui pū me ka hikiʻana i ka hiki 0.005 i 0.010 (ʻO Logrithmic Deprement),

E hōʻoia i nā'āpana Ductile i kauʻia ma lalo o ka paleʻana ma lalo o ka ukana i ka wā e pono ai nā mea hana mīkini a me nā mīkini mīkini.

ʻO keʻano o ka Thermal Conductivity a me ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻonuiʻana

ʻO ka laweʻana o ka hao i ka hao o ka hao i ka hao o ka hina hina a me ke kila, hiki i ka hana wela wela i ka weheʻana i nā poloka o nā mīkini a me nā pahu pahu.

ʻO kāna mea e hōʻoia ai (~ 12 × 10-° C) Hoʻopiliʻia me ke kila, Hoʻololi i ka hoʻolālā hana lehulehu.

5. ʻO keʻano noʻonoʻo a me keʻano o ke kaiāulu

Nā kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi a me ka oxidation

Nā'āpana hao hao ʻO nā Olbide kala (Fe₃o₄ / fe₂o₃) kiʻi kiʻi i ka wā i hōʻikeʻia ai i ka oxygen. Ke hoʻolōʻihi nei kēia papa hana i ka oxidation i nā wahi malū.

ʻO nā hoʻohui hoʻohuiʻana e like me 0.5 - 1.5% I Oole 0.2 - 0.5% Cr hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana hoʻoponopono ma o ka hoʻopiliʻana i ke kiʻi kūʻai.

ʻAʻole hiki i ka hina hina-hina-e hoʻomohala i ka matrix pitrix, nui loa i ka wā i kauʻia ai.

Hoʻohālikelike hoʻohālikelike corrosionion. ʻO ka hao hina a me ke kila

I kēlā me kēia hihia, ʻO ka nui o ka Ductile i hele i ka nui o ka nui o ka uahi 50% ʻO kēlā o ka hao hina a 30-40% ʻO kēlā me ke kila wela.

Ke noi ana epoxy a iʻole polyurethane coatorings hoʻemi i ka corrosion di < 0.01 MM / makahiki ma nā wahi hoʻohālikelike.

I ka wā e kanuʻia ai a hoʻoiliʻia paha, nā mea hoʻolālā zinc a iʻole alumini paha e pale aku i nā mea i hoʻopiliʻia e nā mea i hoʻokaʻawaleʻia e nā mea hao.

Ke kāohiʻo Corrosionion: Nā pāpale, Mālamaʻo Cashodic, a me ke koho koho

• Nā pāpale: ʻO ka epoxy kiʻekiʻe (200 }m) a iʻole ka flame-sprayted Zinc / Alminum E hoʻolōʻihi i nā mea lawelawe i ka lawelawe lawelawe i nā mea kanu manu.
• Mālamaʻo Cashodic: Mahalo i nā anoedes i kēia manawa a iʻole nā ​​meaʻeha kaumaha e mālama i ka paila paila i ka paila i loko o lalo a i lalo paha.
• Koho koho: I nā kūlana kūpono loa (ph < 3 a iʻole choride > 10 000 ppm), Hōʻike nā meaʻenehana Ni-alloyed di Oole kila kohu ʻole Ma kahi o nā helu helu maʻamau.

6. Nā hana hana hana o ka mea haoʻo ductile

Nā Kūlana Moding: Sand cread, Nā wili lei, a me ka hookau ana

• 'Ōmaʻomaʻo lā ke noho nei i ke ala mua. Loaʻa nā kiʻi silica silica girl me ka clay a iʻole nā ​​mea kanu lāʻau i loko o nā flasks a puni nā hiʻohiʻona.
  ʻO nā one mau card e hele ai i nā alaloa, nā lole, a me nā'ōnaehana geting e hoʻopiliʻia no ka uluʻana o ka domi. ʻO ka liʻiliʻi maʻamau o nā'āpanaʻokoʻa a puni 6 - 8 mm No ka paleʻana i nā hemahema.
• Nā wili lei hoʻohana i kahi'āpana surin resin-ceated mumū i hoʻopaʻaʻia a puni kahiʻano mea hao.
  ʻO kēia kaʻina hana ka pauʻana o ka rana ra = 1-3 μm a me nā talerces ± 0.3 mm, ma kahi kumukūʻai kumukūʻai o ~ 20 % ma luna o keʻano'ōmaʻomaʻo.
• Kāhaka kūʻai kūʻai (Makemake Wax) E hoʻomaʻamaʻa i nā'āpana liʻiliʻi (a lalo i 3 mm) a me nā geomexies paʻakikī me nā tolerances ± 0.1 mm.
  Akā naʻe,, ʻO nā mea i hanaʻiaʻo Ductive Cat i nā kumu waiwai 2-3 × ʻO ke kumukūʻai o nā mea hoʻohālikelike o Sand-Cand, ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka hoʻohana haʻahaʻa a iʻole nā'āpana likeʻole.

ʻO ka mālama wela: Annalile, Hana maʻamau, Austempering (Adi)

ʻO ka hale kūʻai wela o ka matrix di's matrix a me ka hana hana:

• Annalile: Lohi mālie mai 900 ° C i lalo i ka mahana o ka lumi i hana i kahi matrix piha piha piha, ʻO ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka descility (~ 18 % ewangantion) a me ka machindability (400 MPA UT OTS).
• Hana maʻamau: Ka eha ana 900 - 920 ° C ukaliʻia e ka ea wela o ka ea e hāʻawi ai i kahi micritic subritic-pictitic, hāʻawi aku iā us ≈ 450 MPA a 12 % ewangantion.
• Austempering (Adi): Ka mea i kālaiʻia i ka haoʻana i ka hao i lalo o ka hoʻonāʻana ma 900 ° C e hoʻokaʻawale i nā kaʻa, A laila, e kū ana i loko o kahiʻauʻau paʻakai ma 250 - 375 ° C no ka 1 - 4 Nā hola hola.
  E hana ana kēia BIINATIIC FERRITE + ʻO Carbon-enrid i hoʻopaʻaʻia austente ʻano.
  Ua heluʻiaʻo ADI 400 Mpa i 1 400 Mpa Us, me nā elongations ma waena 2 - 12 %, a me ka hana luhi kūʻokoʻa (ʻO ka palena kūpono i ka 400 Mpa).

Post-ho'ōla: Machimen, Ke hoʻopauʻana, Pāpale

• Machimen: ʻO Ductive Cat Cat i nā mīkini māmā e like me ke kāmela cerbon. ʻO nā wikiwiki hoʻololi no ka 65-45-12 hover at 150-250 m / i me ka mea hana kaʻa.
  Nā Kiʻi Uila 50-100 m / i. E pale akuʻo Coolinan Librication i kūkuluʻia i kūkuluʻia. ʻO ka hemahema o ka flake kiʻi i hōʻemi i kaʻokiʻana.
• Ke hoʻopauʻana:

• • Pana pua me ke kila kila (20-40 Mesh) Hoʻopau i ke one a hāʻawi i kahi hoʻopau matte (Ra 2 - 5 }m).
  • Ke hoʻopaʻa nei / Polokalamu hoʻokō i ka ra < 0.8 μM no ka hōʻailonaʻana i nā papa.

• Pāpale:

• • EPOXY / POWDDING COORT: E waiho i kahi kiʻi kiʻi 50-200 μm e kiaʻi i ka corrosion i loko o ka corrosion i loko o ka marine a iʻole nāʻenehanaʻoihana.
  • Memothing (Zinc a aluminim paha): Ua piliʻo Thermal Spray i kahi 100 - 150 μM hāʻawi i ka papa mohai no nā mea kanu a iʻole nā'āpana i kauʻia.

7. He aha ka haoʻo Austempered Drika (Adi)

ʻO Austempeed Ductile hao (Adi) Hōʻike i kahi subclass kūikawā o ka mea haoʻo Ductile i hāʻawiʻia e hāʻawi i kahi hui kūʻokoʻa o ka ikaika, kumaikalua, a me kaʻehaʻeha.

ʻAʻole hiki iāʻoe ke hoʻohana i ka ductinical ductile i haoʻia,

ʻO ADIʻO kā Microstructure kūʻokoʻa ʻO nā papa'āinaʻo Bainititic Ferrite inauʻia i kahi matrix o ʻO Carbon-enrid i hoʻopaʻaʻia austente.

ʻO kēia Microstructure e kū mai ana mai kahi kaʻina hana-ʻekolu: Hoʻohui, ʻO ka heluʻana i kahi mahana waena, a heustempering.

Ua hoʻopauʻia, ʻO Austempered Ductile Iron i hāʻawi i nā ikaika o nā ikaika ma ke kiʻekiʻe e like me 1 400 Mpa (I ka ADI 900-650 Kumu) ʻOiai e mālama ana i ka elongation i ka 2 - 5% Nā haʻona.

ʻO Austempered Ductile i hao i ke ala kūkulu: Hoʻohui, Queech, a heustempering

ʻO nā hana nui ma Austempered Ductile i haoʻia:

1. Hoʻohui: E hoʻomoʻa i ka mea hao hao 880 - 920 ° C No ka 1-2 mau hola e hoʻokaʻawale i nā kaʻa a me ka homogenize carbon.
2. Queech: E hoʻololi i kahiʻauʻau paʻakai 250 - 375 ° C. ʻO kēia mahana waena e pale aku i ka martidete.
3. Austempering: Hoʻopaʻa a hiki i ka hoʻololiʻana o ka matrix i loko BIINATIIC FERRITE hoʻohui ʻO Carbon-enrid i hoʻopaʻaʻia austente-Typically 1-4 hola, Ke hilinaʻi nei i ka mānoanoa.
4. Ho'ōla: ʻO ka ea a iʻole kaʻailaʻaila i ka mahana o ka lumi, laka i ka microstructure banittic.

ʻO Austempeed Austempeed Drucleron Col McOstruncture: Banititic ferrite a me ka carbon-enrind austente

ʻO ka Microstructure a Adti:

• ʻO nā mea ponoʻo Bainititic Ferrite: ʻO ka nui o nā brades gerrite maikaʻi loaʻo Rurite.
• Mālama iā Austente: ʻO nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni a Carbon-Nature Austetete e noho mau ana i ka mahana o ka lumi, ʻO ka hoʻouluʻana i keʻano a me ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka paʻakikī.

ʻO kēia hui pūʻana i nā "Hoʻololi-hana" hopena: Ma lalo o ke kaumaha, Mālama i nā hoʻololi Austentite i Martikete, E hoʻoikaika ikaika i ka matrix.

Nā Hana Hana Pono: ʻO ke kaulike ikaika-ikaika-ductity, ʻO ka paleʻana o ka momona

Ua hoʻohālikelikeʻia i ka hao ducle i hanaʻia o ka hui likeʻana, Austempeed Ductile Iron E hoʻokō i 50% nā usts kiʻekiʻe ʻOiai e mālama ana 2 - 5% ewangantion.

Uaʻoi aku ka nui o konaʻehaʻeha 400 Mpa, ʻO keʻano o ka hao hina hina a he nui nā kila alloy i lalo o ke kāʻeiʻana.

Nā noi maʻamau o Austempered Drucle hao

Hoʻohana nā meaʻenehana i ka hao ductile duclem i kahi i hoʻopaʻaʻia ai ka paleʻana, ikaika ikaika, a me ke kaumaha kaumaha:

• Aitompetitive: Kauluhi, lihao, pākuʻi nā mea kūʻai, A e lawe i nā cages.
• Nā mīkini hana: Kākau, komo i nā papa, a me nā'āpana roller.
• Pono & Aila: ʻO nā mea hana i lalo, Nā'āpana nui, a me nā'āpana waiwai e koi ai i nā coristion cherise.
• Nā lako hana: Nā kauā, Nā Rissher Rolls, a me nā mika a me nā mika e pili ana i ka lepo abrasize.

8. Nā noi o ka ductive stual

Nā'āpana automotive: Lihao, Kauluhi, Nā'āpana i hoʻokuʻuʻia

ʻO ka hoʻonuiʻana o nā mea hoʻopihapiha i ka nui o ka nui o ka make (≥ 250 Mpa) a me ka laweʻana no nā crankshafts a me nā camshafts i nā mīkini hana maʻamau.

ʻO nā mea hao haoʻo Duticle i nā haʻuki e hoʻopau i ka wā e hōʻemi ai i ka walaʻau. E kāohi i nā lima a me nā hoʻokele i nā koina i loaʻa mai ka paʻakikī (Eia ≈ 180 GPA) a me ka hopena hopena.

Pipeline a me ka lawena wai: Pipes, Flanges, Nā Hale Hōʻikeʻike, Nā kino valve

Hoʻokomoʻia duple i nā'ōnaehana hao haoʻo ka maleʻana (En-gjs-400-15) E lawe i ka wai wai a iʻole nā ​​meaʻona ma nā pākuʻi 25 Bar.

Nā'āpana hao hao a me nā flangs restast cyclic stick stick. ʻO nā kumukūʻai Corrosionion ma lalo o ka alkaline a iʻole ka mus neutral pr e hoʻomau i ka liʻiliʻi, e hoʻohālikelike ana i nā kumukūʻai-kūpono i hoʻohālikelikeʻia i nā kila kila ma nā noi he nui.

Nā mea hana a me nā mea hana kūkulu: Kākau, Nā leo, Nā Frame

ʻO nā mea hana pono eʻike pinepine ai nā lako hana i nā momona a me nāʻano kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe.

DICTILE ORT CARRAN SPROKER SPROKE A ME ROVEL SHIFF E hoʻomoʻi i ke ola 1 000 Nā hola hola I nā wahi koʻikoʻi,

ʻOiai nā mea kūʻai aku a me nā mea kūʻai aku i nā kumukūʻai e hōʻemi ana i nā uku uku a hoʻomaikaʻi i ke ola momona.

Ka ikehu ikehu: ʻO ka makaniʻo Turbine, ʻO nā keikiʻo Gearbox, Na kookuli '

ʻO ka Ductive Cat Cat's High Specting Damping Dirmings Torsional Vibrations i loko o ka Winds Turbine Gear, hoʻonui i ka hilinaʻi.

ʻO nā mea hana Gearbox i hanaʻia mai ADO E hōʻemi i ke kaumaha ma 10% ua hoʻohālikelikeʻia i ke kila a me ka rotory rotory i loko.

I nā aila, ʻO nā mea hana i lalo a me nā kino Valve e hoʻomau mau ana i nā bries colser 50 Mpa.

Nā mea kūʻai aku a me nā mea hana

Hāʻawiʻo Duticle i ka hao hao i ka nui o ka nui a me ka durability no ka pipi (ʻO nā umu dutch, ʻO nā skillets wai).

ʻO nā mea hao hao haoʻo Duticle a me nā popo pila, Ke ola nei i ke ola hana.

9. ʻO ka Core Pross a me Cons of ductile step hao

ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi

Ikaika ikaika a paʻakikī:

Nā mea hao hao e hāʻawi ana i nā ikaika o nā 400-1 000 Mpa a me elangations o 2-18%, ka hoʻokōʻana i kahi pae kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe-kiʻekiʻe.

I nā noi automotive, ʻo kahi laʻana, Hiki i ka paona crankshaft ke hāʻule e 20-30% hoʻohālikelikeʻia i nā cheel counterparts.

ʻO ka lole maikaʻi loa a me nā hōʻeha kino:

ʻO nā kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi sptherrol, e hoʻopau i nā palena momona i 300 Mpa.

Hana kēia i ka mea hao ductile no nā mea kanu, nā mea hoʻopiʻi suspension, a me nā'āpana'ē aʻe ma lalo o ke kāʻiliʻana.

ʻO ka Candior Carbility:

Me kahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o 1 150-1 200 ° C a me ka maikaʻi maikaʻi, ʻO nā mea hao hao hao i nā geometrite geometries me ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi (0.8-1.0%).

Ke holo nei nā mea kūʻai aku a me nā kumukūʻai machining 30-50% haʻahaʻa ma mua o nā mea kilokilo e hoʻohālikelike ai.

Corrosion a me ke kūpaʻa:

Hāʻawiʻo Prikte noducles i kahi pale kūlohelohe i ka corrosione. Ma hope o nā mālama kino, ʻO ka Ductive Cat Cat i kahi o nā mea kanu i hala ma mua o kahi kenekulia a iʻole nā ​​wai wai.

E like me ka mahana o ka 300 ° C me kahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka hoʻonuiʻana.

Kumukūʻai-kūpono:

ʻO nā huahana Raw he mea nui loa, a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa e pono ai ka ikaika haʻahaʻa.

ʻO nā kāleka hou-e like me Austempered Ductile Iron-Ke hoʻokokoke aku i ka hana kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe ma hope o ka mālama wela, Hāʻawi i nā uku kālā nui loa.

Cons

Hoʻopaʻa paʻa paʻa:

Ka hoʻokōʻana i nā nonoiform nodules e koi i ka mana kūpono o Mg / ce nā pae a me ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi. Hoʻohui ka hōʻoia maikaʻi i ka hanaʻana i ka paʻakikī a me ke kumu kūʻai.

ʻO ka hana maʻamau:

Nā luna 350 ° C, Hoʻomaopopo ka ikaika i ka ikaika a me ke kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi i nā alakaʻi.

ʻAʻole pono ke haoʻo Duticle.

Nā Kūlana Kūlana:

Pono kaʻike kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe i ka wela o ka wela a iʻole post-weld e hoʻokaʻawale i ka hoʻopunipuni.

Hoʻopili koke i nā kiʻi kiʻi, e koi ana i nā meaʻokiʻoki a me nā hoʻolālā machini.

'Āuhae haʻahaʻa:

Me kahi modulus o ka elasticity a puni 160-170 gpa (Inoa o ke kila i ≈ 210 GPA), duticle cat cat ill deforms oi aku ma lalo o ka ukana. Pono pinepine nā mea hoʻolālā i nā'āpana thiker e uku.

Hopena kaiaulu:

ʻO ka melting a me ka nodulizing e hoʻopau i ka ikehu nui a hiki ke hoʻonui i nā mea hoʻohui.

Pono e hoʻokaʻawale i ka haʻaleleʻana i nā kūlana regulatory. I nā wahi moana a iʻole nā ​​wahi Acidic, Ponoʻo Ductile i ka hao hao i nā lole pale'ē aʻe.

10. Hoʻohālikelike me nā lako'ē aʻe

I ka wā e loiloi ai nā mīkini i ka hao hao (Mai) No kekahi noi, ua kaupaona pinepine lākou i kāna mau waiwai e kū'ē i ka poʻe hina hina, malleble hao, Kālea milo, aluminum, a bronze.

Grey-HONER ORL VS. Ui

Mallebled hao vs. Ui

Nā kila kila vs. Ui

Dervile hao vs. Alumini a me ka keleawe

I ka wā e makemake ai iā Ductile Trocle

• ʻO nā'āpana kālā a kiʻekiʻe paha: ʻO ka hui pūʻana o ka ikaika o keʻano (≥ 500 Mpa), ʻO kaʻehaʻeha (≥ 200 Mpa), a he kūpono kūpono keʻano kūpono no lihao, Kauluhi, a me nā lima hoʻopiʻi.
• Kokoke-net-mode paʻakikī: ʻO Sand a iʻole kaʻiliʻana i ka paleʻana o DuCTile Drov i hōʻemi i nāʻae machining e ae 30-50% ua hoʻohālikelikeʻia i ke kila, ʻO ka uku haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.
• ʻO ke kumukūʻai kūpono-kiʻekiʻe-haʻahaʻa: I ka wā e ho'ōla ai nā meaʻaihue a iʻole nā ​​mea i hoʻopiliʻia a iʻole i hoʻopiliʻia, Hāʻawi i ka hao hao duticle i kahi kaulike o ka hana a me ka hoʻokele waiwai.
• Corrosive a iʻole ke komoʻana i nā hana paʻa: Me nā lole kūponoʻole a iʻole alloying, ʻO nā mea hanaʻo Ductile Cat i nā palilīlī a me nā honu nā hale kiaʻi i nā makahiki he nui i nā makahiki he nui.

Keʻimi nei nā kumuwaiwai'ē aʻe

• Nā koi kūpono loa: Ma oerospace Fusechege Fusechee Skins, nā kino kaʻa uila uila, a iʻole nā ​​mea uila, Ua hāʻawiʻo Alumini a iʻole Magnerium Alloys e hāʻawi i nā mālama kaupaonaʻana.
• ʻO nā wahi kūlike loa: Nā Pūnaewele Glash, Nā Kūlana Kūlana Crlorinated,
  a iʻole e koi pinepine ai ka drainage drainage (E.g., 316, Duplex) nona nā mea kūʻai i nā kumukūʻai ma mua o nā mea i kālaiʻia a iʻole.
• Lawelawe kiʻekiʻe (> 350 ° C): I nā wahi o Turbine a iʻole exhaust inifolds,
  nā mea hoʻonani nickel (E.g., 17-4 Ph) ʻO ka ikaika o ke aloha i kahi o ka mea hao derctile e hōʻeha ai i ka wai.
• ʻO ka paʻakikī nui a me ka weldability: ʻO nā kāwele kila kila a me nā wahi i hoʻopaʻaʻia i nā pila pipellines i makemakeʻia i ka wā e kalaʻia ana, Welding, a iʻole e koi ai i keʻano anuanu, Hanaʻia ka palapala.

11. Hopena

Ua kūʻo Duticle i ka hao hao ma keʻano he version, ʻO nā lako hana hana kūpono.

Ia ʻO ka kiʻi Hāʻawiʻo Microstructure i kahi hui nui o nā ikaika kiʻekiʻe, nā mea nui loa, a ʻO ke ola kino maikaʻi loa.

Hiki i nā mea hana ke hoʻolei i nāʻano kokoke kokoke, ho'ēmi i ka matchnining ma hope, a me nā mea hana e pili ana ma o ka mālama wela, loa loa i keʻano o keʻano o Austempered Drika (Adi).

ʻOiai keʻano o ka corrosition corrosion, ʻO ka recyclability hao hoʻi, ka hiki,

a me kahi ākea ākea o nā helu paʻa i hoʻopaʻaʻia i ka mea i manaʻoʻia ma keʻano he automotive, PI 60LeLe, mahiai, ikaika, a me nā mākeke kūʻai.

A ʻO kēia, Kū mākou i ka hui pū meʻoe i ka hoʻokuʻuʻana i kēia mau loea holomua e hoʻomaikaʻi i kāu mau hoʻolālā hoʻonohonoho, Koho Koho, Apia hanaa.

Ke hōʻoia nei eʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kāu papahana eʻoi aku i kēlā me kēia hana a me nā mea hoʻokele.

Kāhea iā mākou i kēia lā!

 

FaqS

He aha ka mea e hoʻokaʻawale ai i ka ductile ductile i haoʻia mai ka hao hina hina?

'Āwili hao hao (Mai) piha froanceral (Noodular) mooki ma mua o ka kiʻi kiʻi o ka flake i loaʻa i ka hao hina.

ʻO kēlā mau huapalapala spherical blunt clack crack propagation, ka hāʻawiʻana i ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe (400-900 mPA) a me ka nui (3-18 %) ua hoʻohālikelikeʻia i ka 200-300 MPA a < 2 % ewangantion.

He aha ka manaʻo e pili ana i kaʻikeʻana i ka hao ductile?

Ua like likeʻo Ductive Cat i nā mīkininani uila e like me ke kila carbon akā koi mea hoʻoili lāʻau kaʻaʻula Ma muli o kāna mau kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe-carbon.

Hoikeʻia nāʻoki wikiwikiʻana mai 150-250 m / i, me nā mea hānai o 0.1-0.3 mm / rev.

ʻO ka hoʻohana ponoʻana i ka hoʻohana ponoʻana i kūkuluʻia i kūkuluʻia. Hiki i nā helu kiʻekiʻe a iʻole nā ​​helu ADO e koi ai i nā wikiwiki wikiwiki a iʻole nā ​​mea hana hana e pale ai i ka lole.

Pehea ka hoʻohālikelikeʻana o ka mea hao i ke kumukūʻai i nā kumuwaiwai'ē aʻe?

• Dervile hao vs. Iron Roil: Hoʻokomoʻiaʻo Duticle i nā kumukūʻai o ka hao % ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe.
  Akā naʻe,, hoʻemiʻia nā'āpana nui a me nā'āpana machining a me nā palapala ma ka helu helu helu helu 20-30 % hoʻohaʻahaʻa i nā noi ikaika-ikaika.
• Steel vs. Ui: ʻO nā mea hao haoʻo Duticle. % ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o nā nalu kukuna likeʻole a iʻole nā ​​mea i loaʻaʻoleʻia.
• Alumini / bronze vs. Ui: ʻO ka haoʻo Duclet ma lalo o ka kg ma mua o ka bronze (2-3 × kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe) a, ʻOiaiʻo ka mea kaumaha ma mua o ka alumini,
  hāʻawi aku i kahi ikaika nui loa, Kaʻa Kaʻamae, a me nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i ka wā e kaumaha ai ka kaumaha.