ʻO nā hana maikaʻi o Valve

1. Hōʻikeʻike

Hoʻohana ʻo Valves i ka linchpin o nā ʻōnaehana mālama wai i ka ʻaila & aila, mana pā'āʻu, ka hana wai a me ka hana ʻai.

Akā naʻe,, nā kūlana hana koʻikoʻi—nā kemika ʻino, mahana kiʻekiʻe, nā ʻāpana abrasive a me nā koʻikoʻi cyclic—hoʻohaʻahaʻa koke i nā ʻili o ka valve i mālama ʻole ʻia.

Ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau kūpono, hiki i nā ʻenekini ke hoʻoikaika i ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion ma o ka nui 90 %, e hoʻonui i ke ola o ka lole ma 3-5x, a mālama i ka hoʻopaʻa paʻa ʻana no nā miliona o nā pōʻai on/off.

Ke ʻimi nei kēia ʻatikala i ka ʻenekinia o ka valve surface mai nā kumu kumu ma o nā ʻano ʻokiʻoki, me nā ʻike i kākoʻo ʻia i ka ʻikepili a me ke alakaʻi ikaika no nā mea hana valve a me nā mea hoʻohana hope.

2. Nā Kuleana o ka Lapaʻau ʻili ʻana no nā kiwi

Hoʻoponopono ka lāʻau lapaʻau i nā microns o waho o kahi mea, ka hana ʻana i nā waiwai e hoʻokaʻawale mai ka substrate nui.

ʻOiai e haʻaheo ke kino valve i ka ikaika tensile ma luna 400 Mpa, ʻo kona ʻili pale ʻole e ʻino ʻia ma nā kumukūʻai a hiki i 0.2 mm/makahiki i ka wai kai.

ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hoʻopau kūpono e hoʻohuli i kēlā dynamic, e hoemi ana i ka ino i lalo 0.005 MM / makahiki.

Loaʻa nā pae hoʻokō koʻikoʻi:

• Ke kū'ē neiʻo Corrosionion: Ana ʻia e ka hoʻāʻo paʻakai (Astm b117), kahi e hāʻule ai ke kila i uhi ʻole ʻia 24 Nā hola hola, ʻoiai ke hoʻomau nei ka uhi nickel-phosphorus maikaʻi 1 000 Nā hola hola.
• E kāʻei i ke kū'ē: Ka helu ʻia ma o nā hoʻāʻo abrasion pin-on-disk, ʻO nā uhi e like me ka tungsten carbide HVOF e hāʻawi i ka paʻakikī ma luna 1 200 Him, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka substrate kila (250 Him) ma kahi kokoke elima.
• Paʻakikī paʻakikī: Nā ana microhardness (Astm e384) e hoʻonui i ka paʻakikī o ka ʻili i ka 600-1 000 Him.
• ʻO ke kuʻi a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana: Haʻahaʻa friction coefficient (m < 0.2) i loko o ka PTFE-based polymeric coatings e kōkua i nā kiwi e hoʻokō i ka pani paʻa paʻa, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pōlele a me ka lele lele.

No ke kūpono i kahi lapaʻau, hilinaʻi ka poʻe ʻenekinia i kahi pākahi o nā hoʻāʻo-paʻakai-paʻakai, microhardness, inainaahoi (cross-hatch), Potiwale (hoʻopalekana electrochemical)-e hōʻoia i ka pale ʻana i nā koʻikoʻi o ka honua maoli.

3. Nā ʻenehana lapaʻau ʻili nui

Hoʻonui nā ʻenehana lapaʻau ʻili i ka hana valve ma ka hana ʻana i nā papa pale a i ʻole nā ​​​​papa hana e hakakā ai i ka ʻino, ʻaʻa, a me ka pōʻino kaiapuni.

Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia ʻenehana kona ikaika ponoʻī, nā hihia hoʻohana kūpono, a me nā kūpono kūpono.

3.1 Nā Kaʻina Hana Electrochemical

Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau electrochemical i ka ʻoihana valve e hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kūpaʻa corrosion, ʻaʻahu hana, a me ka like ole o ka ili.

Hoʻohana kēia mau kaʻina hana i ka ikehu uila a i ʻole kemika e waiho a hoʻololi i nā mea ma ka ʻili valve.

ʻO kā lākou kikoʻī a me ka hoʻololi ʻana e kūpono iā lākou no nā valve ʻoihana nui a me nā liʻiliʻi, ʻO nā'āpana kiʻekiʻe.

3.1.1 Hoʻololi

Hoʻololi he kaʻina hana i waiho ʻia ai kahi ʻāpana metala ma luna o kahi ʻāpana valve ma o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i kahi au uila ma o kahi electrolyte i loaʻa nā ion metala e waiho ʻia..

He kūpono loa kēia ʻenehana no ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion, paʻakikī paʻakikī, a me nā aesthetics.

Nā Mea Electroplated maʻamau:

• Nickel (I): Hoʻonui i ka corrosion a me ka pale ʻana i ke kapa; hoʻohana mau ʻia i ka kemika, pono & aila, a me na kiwi moana.
• Chromium (Cr): Hāʻawi i kahi paʻakikī, makei, a hoʻopau hoʻonani; kūpono no nā kumu valve a me nā wahi noho.
• Zinc (Zn): Hāʻawi i ka pale corrosion kaumaha; hoʻohana pinepine ʻia no ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, nā noi lewa.

Loaʻa:

• Mānoanoa hoʻomalu (maʻamau 5–50 µm)
• Hoʻopili maikaʻi i ke kila, Keihei, a me nā substrate alumini
• Kūʻai-pono a scalable

PAHUI:

• Pono paha ma hope o ka mālama ʻana (E.g., kālua ʻana) e hoʻokuʻu i ka hydrogen embrittlement
• Kaʻina laina-o-ʻike; pilikia paha nā geometries paʻakikī i ka waiho ʻole ʻana

3.1.2 Ka hopena uila

ʻAʻole like me ka electroplating, ʻAʻole hilinaʻi ʻo electroless plating i ke au uila waho.

', hoʻohana ʻo ia i ka hopena kemika i hoʻopaʻa ʻia no ka waiho ʻana i kahi uhi ʻaʻahu ma nā ʻaoʻao āpau i ʻike ʻia—me ka ʻole o ke geometry.

He waiwai nui kēia ʻano no nā ala valve kūloko, KauwaiHua, a me na lua makapo.

Pūnaehana Hoʻopili maʻamau:

• Nickel–Posporus (Ni–P): Hāʻawi i ka mānoanoa like ʻole a me ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion maikaʻi loa. Nā mana kiʻekiʻe-phosphorus (>10% P) pale aku i nā mea hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻino e like me ka waika a me ka wai kai.
• Nikela–Borona (Ma–B): Hāʻawi i ka ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī (>900 Him) a kau pale.
• Copper a me Cobalt alloys: Hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻopili kemika niche a me nā noi lubrication.

Loaʻa:

• ʻO ka uhi like ʻole (mānoanoa maʻamau: 10-50 μm)
• ʻAʻole pono i nā wahi pili uila
• He kūpono no ka paʻakikī, kiʻekiʻe-precision valve nā mea

PAHUI:

• ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana me ka electroplating
• ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī paʻakikī a me ka mālama ʻauʻau

3.1.3 Nā Paʻi Hoʻololi

Hoʻololi kemika nā mea hoʻololi hoʻololi i ka ʻili o ka valve e hana i nā ʻokikika pale a i ʻole nā ​​papa phosphate.

Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kēia mau mea ma ke ʻano he lāʻau kūʻokoʻa a i ʻole primers no nā uhi hou (E.g., pena a i ʻole ka pauda).

ʻAno Nui:

• Hoʻolauna (No ka kila kila): Wehe i ka hao manuahi a hoʻonui i ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion ma ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka papa chromium oxide.
• Phosphating: Hoʻopuka i kahi papa phosphate crystalline e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka pena a hāʻawi i ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion.
• Anodichiz (mua no na kiwi alumini): Hoʻokumu ka electrochemically i kahi mānoanoa, paʻa oxide paʻa e kūʻē i ka ʻino a hiki ke hoʻoluʻu ʻia no ka nani.

Loaʻa:

• Hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka pena / uhi
• Hoʻonui i ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion me ka hoʻololi ʻole ʻana i nā ana
• Hiki ke hoʻololi i ke kaiapuni (ʻO kekahi mau kaʻina hana e pili ana i ka RoHS)

PAHUI:

• Nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni lahilahi (maki <5 }m) ʻAʻole hiki ke hāʻawi i ka pale pono i nā wahi paʻakikī me ka ʻole o ka topcoat
• ʻAʻole kūpono i nā metala āpau (E.g., hopena palena ma luna o ke kila kalapona)

3.2 ʻO ka hoʻoheheʻe wela a me ka waiho kino kino

ʻO nā ʻano hana hoʻoheheʻe wela a me nā ʻano hoʻoheheʻe kino e hana ikaika, komo-resistant, a me nā mea hoʻopaʻa ʻino ʻia e ka mīkini a hoʻopaʻa kemika paha i ka ʻili o ka valve.

Hāʻawi kēia mau ʻenehana ikaika nui i ka mānoanoa, ʻoi aku ka paʻa o nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni ma mua o nā hana electrochemical, hoʻolilo iā lākou i kūpono no nā kūlana lawelawe koʻikoʻi.

3.2.1 Ke ahi, Hvof, a me ka Spraying Plasma

Ka mua, Flame, kiʻekiʻe-velocity oxy-fuel (Hvof), a me ka pāpaʻi ʻana i nā ʻāpana hoʻoheheʻe a i ʻole semi-molten o ka papahana ma luna o ka substrate valve me ka wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe.

Ma ka hopena, palahalaha a paa na mea liilii, ka hana mau ana, paʻa paʻa ka uhi ʻana a hiki i 500 }m kūlohelohe.

• Pāpā ʻana

• • Mea waiwai: Aluminum, zinc, a me nā mea hao maʻalahi
  • Mānoanoa maʻamau: 100-300 μM
  • KA MANAWA: ʻO ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa, pale ʻino maikaʻi no nā kiwi kumu nui
  • PAHUI: Ka ikaika pili haʻahaʻa (15–25 MPa) a me ka porosity kiʻekiʻe (~5%) ma mua o ka HVOF

• HVOF Kapu

• • Mea waiwai: Tungsten carbide–kobalta (WC-CO), chromium Carbide, nickel alloys
  • Mānoanoa maʻamau: 100-500 μM
  • KA MANAWA: Ka ikaika pili kiʻekiʻe (a i 70 Mpa), low poroshity (<1%), a oi loa aku ka paakiki 1 200 Him
  • Hoʻohana kū'a'ā: ʻO ka ʻoki kūʻē i ka erosion i loko o ka media slurry a i ʻole ke one e hoʻemi ana i ka nui o ka lole 85% hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ke kila hū ʻole

• Pāpaʻi Plasma

• • Mea waiwai: ʻO nā ʻokikene seramika (Al₂o₃, ZrO₂), hui metala-seramika
  • Mānoanoa maʻamau: 150-500 μM
  • KA MANAWA: Paʻa wela kūʻokoʻa (nā mahana hana a hiki i 1 000 ° C) a me ka inertness kemika
  • PAHUI: ʻOi aku ka nui o ke kumu kūʻai a me ka pono no nā hana palekana kūikawā

3.2.2 PVD a me CVD (Hoʻomoe kino a me ke kimika)

He ʻokoʻa, ʻO ka PVD a me ka CVD waiho i ka ultra-thin, nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni kiʻekiʻe i loko o nā keʻena maloʻo.

Hāʻawi kēia mau kaʻina hana atom-by-atom i nā uhi wale 1-5 μM kūlohelohe, akā, hāʻawi lākou i ka paʻakikī, Ke kū'ē neiʻo Corrosionion, a me ka mana pololei.

• ʻO ka waihoʻana i ke kino kino (Pvd)

• • Nā pāpale: ʻO Titanium Nitride (Kū), Chromium Nitride (Crn), ʻO ka carbon-like carbom (Dlc)
  • Hālulu: > 2 000 Him
  • Inainaahoi: > 50 Mpa (Hōʻike hōʻike)
  • Loaʻa: Hoʻololi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa loa (m < 0.1), a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pale ʻana no nā noho valve koʻikoʻi a me nā kumu

• Ke kūʻai aku nei i ka mea kūʻai (Cvd)

• • Nā pāpale: Kālai Silikino, boron carbide, ʻO Silikia Nitride
  • KA MANAWA: Ka uhi kūlike o nā geometries paʻakikī, kiʻekiʻe kemika inertness, a me ka pale wela a hiki i 1 200 ° C
  • Mau olelo: Koi aku i ka mana o ka mahana (400-1 100 ° C) a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka pōʻai

I ka hōʻuluʻuluʻana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā ʻenehana hoʻoheheʻe wela ke hoʻohana ʻia nā kiwi ma ka abrasive, Kauike, a iʻole nā ​​wahi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, hāʻawi mānoanoa, mau pale paa.

I ke kumu, Hāʻawi ʻo PVD a me CVD i nā noi niche kahi ultra-thin, ʻO nā uhi paʻa kiʻekiʻe a me nā hoʻomanawanui paʻa e hōʻoia i ka koʻikoʻi-pinepine i nā ʻāpana valve kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole ka maʻemaʻe.

3.3 ʻO ka Polymeric a me ka Composite Coatings

Hāʻawi ka polymeric a me ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā mea like ʻole, pale paʻa no nā kiwi ma ka corrosive, Kekau, a me nā kaiapuni waho.

Ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā resins organik me ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i nā mea hoʻopihapiha a i ʻole nā ​​​​particle inorganic, ʻO kēia mau uhi ke kaulike i ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion, ka ikaika ikaika, a hoʻopau maikaʻi.

3.3.1 Epoxy, Polyurethane, a me nā Pūnaehana Fluoropolymer

Epoxy, Poelurhane, a me nā uhi fluoropolymer hāʻawi kēlā me kēia i nā pono kūʻokoʻa:

• ʻO nā ʻāpana Epoxy
  Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia nā resins epoxy i ka paʻa, kiʻiʻoniʻoni pili kea (50-150 μm) e kūʻē i ka hoʻouka kemika a me ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka wai.
  A 75 Hiki i ka papa epoxy µm ke kū i luna 1 000 hola i loko o ke keʻena paʻakai (Astm b117) ma mua o ka puka ʻana o ka ʻeleʻele keʻokeʻo.
  Eia hou, pili maikaʻi nā epoxies i nā substrate kila, e hoʻolilo iā lākou i mau kumu mua a i ʻole hoʻopau kūʻokoʻa no nā kiwi wai a me ka lawelawe ʻoihana maʻamau.
• Nā Paʻi Polyurethane
  ʻO ka pau ʻana o ka polyurethane e hāʻawi i ka maʻalahi a me ka pale ʻana i ka abrasion ma ka mānoanoa o 60-120 µm..
  ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pale ʻana o UV ma mua o nā epoxies, ka mālama ʻana i ka nani a me ke kala ma hope 2 000 hola o ka hōʻike QUV.
  Ma ka hopena, koho nā mea hoʻolālā i nā urethanes no nā valve waho a me nā noi hoʻolālā kahi e pono ai ka nani a me ka lōʻihi..
• Nā Paʻi Fluoropolymer (Ptfe, FEP, Pvdf)
  Kū'ē nā Fluoropolymers i nā kemika āpau a hana ma waena o −50 °C a i 150 ° C.
  ʻO kahi maʻamau 25 ʻOki ʻo µm PTFE uhi ʻana i nā coefficient friction static ma lalo 0.05, e hiki ai ke pani pa'a i ka hu'ihu'i i loko o nā kiwi pōpō a me ka pepeke.
  Nui loa, ʻO kā lākou ʻili lāʻau ʻole e hoʻolei i ka ʻino a hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā mea kanu hoʻomaʻemaʻe a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea kanu kemika.

3.3.2 Nā Paʻi Paʻa a me nā kiʻiʻoniʻoniʻoniʻoni ʻano huila

Hoʻohui ka pauka a me ka hybrid coatings i ka maʻalahi o ka noi me ka hana ikaika:

• Thermoset Nā Paʻi Paʻa
  Hoʻohana ʻia me ka electrostatically a hoʻōla ʻia ma 150-200 °C, ʻO nā uhi pauda he 60-150 µm kiʻiʻoniʻoni e mare i ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion me nā koho waihoʻoluʻu..
  ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka paʻakai paʻakai i nā holomua hou 1 000 Nā hola hola, me ka ikaika o ka hopena 50 J, kūpono no nā kino valve municipal a me nā pā waho.

  

• ʻO nā kiʻiʻoniʻoniʻoniʻoni ʻano like ʻole
  Ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā nanoparticles silica a i ʻole ceramic i loko o nā matrices polymer, hiki i nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni hybrid ke ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī (a i 600 Him) a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pale kemika.
  Hoʻopili kēia mau uhi i ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā papa polymer maʻemaʻe a me nā ʻōpala wela mānoanoa,
  ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka pale 30-100 µm me ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o ka hoʻololi ʻana—kūpono no nā ʻoki ʻoki paʻa paʻa a me nā hui pololei..

Ma ka hui, ʻO ka polymeric a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i hoʻohui ʻia e hāʻawi i ka uku-pono, ʻoluʻolu pili kaiapuni.

ʻOi aku lākou ma kahi mānoanoa, ʻO nā pale ʻaʻahu a me nā hoʻopau kala kala e hoʻonui i ka hana a me ka palekana o ka mea hoʻohana.

3.4 ʻO ka paʻakikī o ka ʻili Thermochemical

Hoʻopuehu ka lāʻau Thermochemical i nā mea hoʻohuihui i loko o ka panina valve ma nā wela kiʻekiʻe, ka hana ʻana i kahi ʻili ʻili paʻakikī me ka hoʻohui ʻole ʻana i kahi uhi ʻokoʻa.

Hoʻonui kēia mau ʻano i ka pale ʻana i ka ʻaʻahu, Kaʻa Kaʻamae, a me ka hiki ke amo—ko'iko'i no na mea e like me ka laau, noho mau noho, a me nā mīkini hana.

3.4.1 Nitriding

Nitriding hoʻokomo i ka nitrogen i loko o ke kila ma 500–580 °C, ka hana ʻana i nā nitrides paʻakikī i loko o ka ʻili a i ka hohonu o 0.1-0.6 mm.

Hoʻonui kēia kaʻina hana i ka paʻakikī o ka ʻili 600-1 000 Him, hōʻemi i ka friction, a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ikaika luhi e 20-30%. Loaʻa nā ʻano like ʻole:

• Ka nini nitriding hoʻohana i ke kinoea amonia; Hāʻawi ia i ka hohonu o ka pahu like a kūpono i nā geometries paʻakikī.
• Plasma nitriding hoʻohana i ka hoʻokuʻu uila i loko o kahi ea amonia haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, hāʻawi i ka mana pololei i ka hohonu o ka hihia a me ka distortion liʻiliʻi.
• ʻAuʻau Paʻakai Nitriding hāʻawi i nā manawa pōʻai wikiwiki a me nā hopena kūlike akā pono ka mālama pono ʻana i ka media paʻakai hoʻoheheʻe.

Hōʻike ʻia nā lāʻau valve Nitrided a hiki i 5× ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ke ola ma lalo o ka cyclic actuation i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ke kila i hana ʻole ʻia.

3.4.2 Carpurize, E hele i mua, a me Carbonitriding

Hoʻolahalaha kēia mau lāʻau i ke kalapona, Būo, a i ʻole nā ​​mea ʻelua i loko o ke kila a paʻakikī, nā papa ʻaʻahu:

• Carpurize hanaia ma 900-950 ° C, hoʻokomo i ke kalapona i ka hohonu o 0.5-1.5 mm. Ma hope o ka haʻaleleʻana, hiki ka paakiki o ka ili 550–650 HV, kūpono no nā noi haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe.
• E hele i mua (Borocarburizing) hoʻokomo i ka boron (a koho kalapona) a 700–900 °C, e hana ana i kahi ultra-paʻakikī (a i 1 400 Him) papa hao boride o 10-30 μm Kohano.
  ʻO nā ʻāpana valve borided e pale i ka ʻaʻahu abrasive a maikaʻi hoʻi.
• kalapona hui ka kalapona a me ka nitrogen diffusion ma 800–880 °C, loaa ka paakiki ili o 650–800 HV me ka hohonu o ka hihia o 0.2–0.8 mm.
  Hoʻohālikelike kēia ʻano hybrid i ka paʻakikī a me ke kūpaʻa ʻaʻahu.

I nā ʻoki kīwī abrasive a i ʻole kiʻekiʻe, nā sila borided a me nā spindles carburized hiki ke hoʻolōʻihi i nā manawa lawelawe ma 3-4 × pili i nā ʻāpana i mālama ʻole ʻia.

4. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ʻo Valve Surface ma nā Kaiapuni Kūikawā

Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā valve ma lalo o nā kūlana koʻikoʻi e wikiwiki ai i ka ʻaʻahu, Kuupuiawi, a me ka hemahema.

ʻO ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā ʻano lapaʻau i kēlā me kēia wahi lawelawe e hoʻololi i kahi mea palupalu i mea paʻa, waiwai kiʻekiʻe.

Ma lalo, ke nānā nei mākou i ʻehā mau hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi—ma kai/waho, kiʻekiʻe-mehana/kiʻekiʻe-pressure, abrasive/slurry, a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me ka meaʻai-a paipai i ka hoʻopau maikaʻi loa i kākoʻo ʻia e ka ʻikepili hana.

ʻO nā noi a me nā noi o Marina

ʻO ka hoʻokomo ʻia ʻana o ka wai paʻakai a me ka chloride ea e hoʻopilikia nui i ka metallurgy valve.

ʻO ke kila kalapona i hoʻopili ʻole ʻia e ʻānai ʻia ma nā kumukūʻai a hiki i 0.15 MM / makahiki i ka wai kai, kahi a 25 µm electroless nickel-phosphorus hiki i ka papa ke hoʻemi i kēlā i 0.005 MM / makahiki.

No ka hoʻokō ʻana i kēia mau koi:

• Paulinaolina nikoki (Ni–P, ≥12 % P): Hāʻawi i ka uhi like ʻole ma nā geometries paʻakikī, pale i ka lua ʻana i nā hoʻokolohua paʻakai ma waho 2 000 Nā hola hola (Astm b117), a mālama i ka paakiki ili o 550–650 HV.
• Nā Līkini Kūleʻa Duplex: Ke noi nei i kahi lahilahi (20-30 μm) ʻO ka lole Ni–P ma luna o nā māka kuhili lua (E.g., 2205) hoʻohui i ka pale galvanic a me ka pale pale.
• ʻO nā kapa ʻaʻahu Fluoropolymer: A 25 µm PTFE ʻO ka topcoat e hoʻopaʻa i nā micro-porosities, e hoʻohaʻahaʻa hou i ka nui o ka corrosion a me ka pale ʻana i ka biofouling.

ʻO ka lawelawe wela a me ke kiʻekiʻe

Māhu, aila wela, a ʻo nā wai supercritical e hoʻolei i nā mea kiwi i ko lākou palena wela. A 400 ° C, ʻO ke kila hū ʻole e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i nā oxides e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ma lalo o nā ukana cyclic. ':

• ʻO nā ʻaʻahu seramika hoʻoheheʻe wela (Al₂O₃–13 % ʻO TiO₂ e ka ʻūhā plasma): E pale i ka hoʻolaha mau ʻana a hiki i 1 000 ° C, hoemi i ka oxidation rate ma 70 %, a pale aku i ka luhi wela.
• CVD Silicon Carbide (Sic): Hāʻawi i kahi conformal, 2–5 µm pale e hoʻomau i nā kaomi ma waho 1 000 Bar a me nā wela a hiki i 1 200 ° C me ka hoino ole.
• Nitriding: Gas a plasma nitriding ma 520 ° C hua mai a 0.4 mm hihia paakiki (800 Him) e ʻae i ke koʻikoʻi kiʻekiʻe a hōʻemi i ka kolo ʻana i nā kumu valve.

Mea hoʻopalapala a me ka Slurry Media

Nā mea kanu lānahu, nā hana uila, a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka wai ʻino e hōʻike i nā kiwikā i nā kahe i hoʻopiha ʻia i nā ʻōpala e hoʻopau ai i nā ʻili metala i ka nui o ka nui. 5 mg/cm²/hola.

ʻO nā pale kūpono e komo pū:

• HVOF Tungsten Carbide–Cobalt (WC-CO) Pāpā: E hana i nā uhi 200–400 µm mānoanoa me ka porosity ma lalo 1 %.
  Ma nā ho'āʻo slurry ASTM G76, hoemi keia mau papa i ka nui o ka erosion ma 85 % hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ke kila i hoʻoponopono ʻole ʻia.
• E hele i mua: Hoʻokumu i kahi paʻakikī (1 200-1 400 Him) ka pae hao boride o 20-30 µm, ka hāʻawi ʻana i ke kūʻē kūʻokoʻa i ka cavitation a me ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā ʻāpana.
• Nā Laina Polyurethane: No nā slurries haʻahaʻa wela, 5– 8 mm ka hoʻopale-polymer lining e hoʻopili i ka hopena a me ka abrasion, ka hoʻonuiʻana i ke ola lawelawe e 2-3 ×.

Meaʻai, Ka Makani, a me nā Kaiapuni Hoʻomaʻemaʻe

Pono nā kaʻina hana maʻemaʻe i nā ʻili e kūʻē i ka adhesion bacteria, hoʻomanawanui i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe pinepine, a pale aku i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia.

ʻO nā koi koʻikoʻi e pili ana i ka ʻili o ka ʻili Ra < 0.5 }m a me nā mea i ʻae ʻia e FDA:

• Ke kila kila kila (304/316L): Loaʻa iā Ra < 0.4 }m, ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā māwae a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā hana maʻamau CIP/SIP.
• PTFE/Line Liner: He lahilahi (10-20 μm) Hāʻawi ke kapa fluoropolymer i nā waiwai nonstick, 'Oiʻai lāʻau, a me ka pale wela a hiki i 150 ° C.
• Chrome-Free Passivation: Hoʻohana i ka waikawa nitric a i ʻole ka citric acid e hoʻonui i ka ʻili o ka chromium oxide me ka ʻole hexavalent chromium, hōʻoia i ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā hoʻoponopono (EU 2015/863).

5. Hoʻohālikelike i ka hopena o ka lāʻau lapaʻau ʻili

ʻO ke koho ʻana i ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka ʻili valve kūpono e pili ana i ke kaulike ʻana i ka hana mechanical, ke kū'ē kū'ē, ka hōʻike honua, a me ke kumukuai.

Hāʻawi nā ʻano hana ʻenekinia honua i nā pono kūʻokoʻa,

a hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia ko lākou pono ma waena o kekahi mau pae hoʻohālike: Ke kū'ē neiʻo Corrosionion, E kāʻei i ke kū'ē, ana a ke ana, paʻakikī paʻakikī, kaohiʻana i ka mānoanoa, a kumukūʻai-kūpono.

6. Nā Kūlana Leia & Noʻonoʻo ʻana i ke ola no ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻili o ka valve

ʻO ke koho ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau kūpono he hoʻoholo ʻenehana koʻikoʻi e pili pono ana Hana, kūlia, a me ka huina o ke kumu kuai.

Ma kahi o ka nānā wale ʻana i ke kumukūʻai uhi mua, ke noonoo maikai ana ʻO nā kūpono kūpono, kaiapuni hana, mālama lōʻihi, a me ka hoʻoponopono hoʻoponoponoʻana.

Hoʻohālikelike Mea a me nā Pilikia ʻino Galvanic

Nā kino valve, nā papaʻaina, noho mau noho, a me nā ʻoki i hana maʻamau i nā mea like me ke kila kalapona, kila kohu ʻole, bronze, a i ʻole nā ​​huila hana kiʻekiʻe.

Pono ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i luna me ka substrate e pale aku ai:

• ʻAʻole hoʻopili ma muli o ka like ole o ka hoonui wela
• Kahiki Galvaniko, ʻoi aku i ka wai kai a i ʻole nā ​​hui metala like ʻole
• Hydrogen embrittlement, he pilikia i kekahi mau uhi electrochemical (E.g., electroplated kila ikaika kiʻekiʻe)

Kaiapuni hana a me nā koi hana

Hoʻokomo nā kaiapuni like ʻole i nā kūlana koʻikoʻi like ʻole:

• Nā wahi kūlike (E.g., Marine, nā lāʻau kanu lāʻau): E makemake i ka nickel-phosphorus electroless a i ʻole fluoropolymer coatings
• Nā noi noi kiʻekiʻe (E.g., Nā laina Steam): Pono i nā ʻūhā wela ceramic a i ʻole nā ​​mea nitrided
• Kahe Abrasive (E.g., slurry valves): E pōmaikaʻi mai ka uhi ʻana o ka HVOF a i ʻole ka hoʻoulu ʻana

ʻO ke kumukūʻai ola kino vs. Hoolilo Kapitala

ʻOiai kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau (E.g., HVOF a i ʻole nā ​​uhi duplex) he pipiʻi ma mua, hiki iā lākou hoʻonui loa i ke ola lawelawe, E hōʻemi i ka downtime, hana, a me ke koina o na mea kaawale.

Pono nā mea hoʻoholo e loiloi:

• Manawa Manawa ma waena o nā hāʻule (MTBF) nā hoʻomaikaʻi
• Hoʻemi ʻia ke alapine mālama
• Loaʻa ka ʻāpana ʻāpana a me nā manawa alakaʻi

No ka mālama a me ka hoʻoponopono

Hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia i ka ʻili hooponopono in-situ, aʻo nā mea ʻē aʻe e koi i ka hoʻololi piha. ʻo kahi laʻana:

• Hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia a hoʻopaʻa ʻia paha nā uhi epoxy
• Pono paha ka HVOF a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāpana seramika i ka hoʻohana hou ʻana i nā mea hana kūikawā
• Paʻakikī paha ka nānā ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻoponopono hou ʻana i nā pale PVD lahilahi

Hoʻokō hoʻoponopono a me ke kaiapuni

ʻO nā kānāwai paʻa loa e koi i nā mea hana e noʻonoʻo:

• RoHS a me REACH hoʻokō (E.g., palena ma ka hexavalent chromium, alakaʻi)
• Hoʻokuʻu VOC i nā uhi polimer
• Eco-toxicity a me recyclability o na mea uhi

7. Hopena a me ka puka aʻe e hiki mai ana

ʻAʻole hōʻike hou ʻia ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana o ka valve i kahi "hana pena." aka, hana lākou i kahi papa hoʻolālā i hana ʻia no nā kaiapuni kikoʻī, koina kaulike, Hana, a me ka hookolokolo.

Ke holomua nei, e manaʻo i nā uhi ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi e hoʻōla iā ʻoe iho a hōʻike iā ia iho, nā kemika ʻōmaʻomaʻo e hoʻopau i nā metala kaumaha, a me nā laina hana automate e hōʻoia ana i ka hala ʻole, pau hou.

Ma ka noho ʻana i kēia mau holomua, hiki i nā ʻenehana ke hoʻolālā i nā ʻōnaehana valve e hāʻawi i ka hilinaʻi, ʻOiaʻiʻo, a me ke ola lōʻihi i nā kūlana paʻakikī.

8. Pehea wau e koho ai i ka lapaʻau ʻili kūpono no kaʻu valve?

ʻO kēia ʻO ia ka mea hana valve ʻoihana e hāʻawi ana i kahi ākea ākea o nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a me nā lawelawe lapaʻau kiʻekiʻe.

Hoʻomaʻamaʻa mākou i nā hoʻonā i hana ʻia e hoʻokō i nā koi noiʻi like ʻole a me nā kūlana ʻoihana.

Inā ʻoe e ʻimi nei i ka hilinaʻi, Hana Hana Manaʻo nā kiwi maʻamau, Eʻoluʻolu eʻoluʻolu kāhea iā mā˚ou. Mākaukau kā mākou hui e hāʻawi i ke kākoʻo loea a me nā hoʻonā kūpono.

 

FaqS

He aha nā ʻano valve e hana ai ʻo DEZE?

Hana ʻo DEZE i kahi ʻano nui o nā kīwaha ʻoihana, komo pū me nā awāwa, Nā Kūlana Pihi, Butterfly Valves, nā hua waina honua, E nānā i nā Valves, a me na kiwi hooponopono.

Loaʻa kēia ma nā ʻano nui like ʻole, Nā papa hoʻoikaika, a me nā mea e kūpono i nā noi i ka mālama wai, petrochemimical, mana pā'āʻu, Hvac, a me hou aku.

Hāʻawi ʻoe i nā lawelawe hoʻoponopono valve?

ʻAe. Hāʻawi mākou i nā hāmeʻa valve i hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia e pili ana i kāu mau koi papahana, me nā ana, Nā helu kaomi, hopena pālua, koho koho, a me ka hoʻopauʻana.

E hana pū kā mākou hui ʻenekinia me ʻoe e hōʻoia i ka huahana hope e hoʻokō i nā kikoʻī loea a me nā kūlana hana.

Hoʻopili ʻia nā kiwi DEZE me nā kūlana honua?

ʻAe. Hana ʻia kā mākou valves e like me nā kūlana honua nui, me ka:

• Ansi / asme (American)
• KOU/KEKAHI (ʻEulopa)
• Oia (Kepanī)
• Kii, Iso, a me GB kūlā

Kākoʻo pū mākou i ka nānā ʻana a me ka hōʻoia ʻana o nā ʻaoʻao ʻekolu e pili ana i nā koi o ka mea kūʻai aku.

He aha ka manawa alakaʻi maʻamau no nā valve maʻamau?

ʻO nā manawa alakaʻi e pili ana i ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻolālā valve a me nā koi lapaʻau ili. No nā valve maʻamau, ka lawe ʻana maʻamau mai 2 i 4 hebedoma.

Pono paha nā valve kūikawā 6 i 8 hebedoma a iʻole. Manaʻo mau mākou e hoʻokō pono i nā manawa papahana.

Pehea e hiki ai iaʻu ke noi i kahi ʻōlelo a i ʻole kūkākūkā ʻenehana?

Hiki iā ʻoe ke kelepona mai iā mākou ma o kā mākou palapala hoʻopili pūnaewele, leka uila, a kelepona paha.

E ʻoluʻolu e hāʻawi i nā kikoʻī papahana maʻamau e like me ke ʻano valve, nui, waiwai, nā kūlana hana, a me nā pono lapaʻau ili. E pane koke kā mākou hui me kahi hopena kūpono a me ka ʻōlelo.