ʻO ka hui pūʻana o Titanium | Ke kaʻina hana, KA MANAWA & Noi

1. Hōʻikeʻike

Titanium ʻO Anodizing kahi hana maikaʻi maikaʻi loa i hoʻohanaʻia e hoʻonui ai i ke kū'ēʻana i ke kū'ēʻana, durability, a me nā mea hoʻopiʻi Aesthetic.

Hoʻokumu kēia kaʻina hana Electrochemical i kahi'āpana o ka orde.

Me kona hui kūʻokoʻa o ka ikaika, 'ohaʻamaʻa, a me biocomokatiboli, ʻO Titanium kahi moho kūpono kūpono no ka anodicizing.

Ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka uluʻana o ka titanizet avized ma waena o nāʻoihana likeʻole, mai Aerospace i Medical, underscores i kāna mau kūlohelohe a me ka waiwai.

2. He aha ka mea i hui pūʻia?

Wehewehe a me ka wehewehe wehewehe: ʻO ka huiʻo Titanium Aodizing he kaʻina electrochemical e hana ana i kahi mānoanoa, pale aku i ka mixidey i luna o ka papa o ka titanium.

Ua hala kēia alahele i kahi uila i kēia manawa ma o kahi hopena electrolyte, kahi e hana ai ka'āpana titanium e like me keʻano (Nā Electrode maikaʻi).

Ua hoʻopaʻa paʻaʻia ka hopena o ka paila o ka tideer i ka substrate a hiki ke hoʻokeleʻia e hoʻokō i nā waiwai a me nā kala.

ʻO nā loio electrochemical: Hoʻokomoʻia ke kaʻina hana Anodizing i nā pae aʻe:

• Oxiyan: ʻO ka papa inoaʻo Titanium e hele me ka electrolyte, Ke hana nei i kahi'āpana, crycared ofxdey.
• Hoʻolauna: Ua ulu ka mea e ulu ana ka bipi, Ke hana nei i kahi mea paʻa e pale ai i ka metala ma lalo o ka metala i lalo mai ka oxidation hou a me ka corrosiotion.

3. ʻO nāʻano o ke animo no ka titanium

Type II anodicizing:

• ʻO ka weheweheʻana: Hoʻohana muaʻia no nā kumu hoʻonaninani, e hana ana i kahiʻano o nā kala me nā'āpana o ka'āpana oxide. He mea kaulana i nā huahana kūʻai, e like me nā mea nani a me nā mea hana maka.
• E hoʻohana i nā hihia: Hoʻohana maʻamau no nā kumu aesthetic, e like me nā mea nani, Nā nānā, a me nā huahana waiwai.

Pākuʻi II III:

• ʻO ka weheweheʻana: Kaulana nō hoʻi e like me keʻano paʻakikī, Hōʻike kēia kaʻina hana i kahi'āpana oxie, Hoʻopiliʻia ke kū'ēʻana iā Corrosiotion Corrosion a me ka nui.
  
• E hoʻohana i nā hihia: Kūpono no nā noi e koi ana i nā pale paʻa kiʻekiʻe, e like me nā'āpana aerospace, Nā mīkini mīkini, a me nā mea maʻi olakino.

Hoʻohālikelike:

• Kohano: Type III Avoiting e hana i kahi'āpana tricker, Hoʻopili i ke kāʻeiʻana a me ke kū'ēʻana.
• Aesttheticcs: ʻO keʻano o keʻano a me keʻano o keʻano o kona hiki ke hana i kahi ākea ākea.
• Durability: ʻO keʻano o keʻano a me nā mea e kūpono a kūpono i nā noi kiʻekiʻe.

4. ʻO ke kaʻina hana hana-hele-hana o keʻano o ka matanim

ʻO Titanium Anodizing he hana kūpono a me ka kāohiʻana i ke kaʻina uila e hoʻololi ai i ka papa o ka titranium i kahi paʻa, corrosions-resistant, a me nā'āpana o ke kala. Eia kahi hoʻomaha o kēlā me kēia papa i ke kaʻina hana:

Ka hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻana a me ka hoʻomākaukauʻana

• Ke Kuhi: ʻO ka hana mua e hoʻomaʻemaʻe maikaʻi loa i ka papa titanium e wehe i kahi aila, ailakalu, lepo, a iʻole nā ​​mea hōʻeha e pili ana i ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻokūkū o ka mea hoʻohui.
  Hoʻohana maʻamau kēia me ka hoʻohanaʻana i kahi hopena degreasing a iʻole nā ​​hopena.
• Etching a iʻoleʻohiʻia: Ma hope o ka degreating, ʻO ka Timenium ka mea e hoʻopili pinepineʻia ai a iʻoleʻia i loko o kahiʻauʻau ACID (E.g., hydrofluoric a nitric acid) e hoʻoneʻe i nā momi i nā momi i nā momi a iʻole nā ​​haumia.
  Ua hoʻomākaukau kēia hana i ka Titanium no ka Anodizing e ka hōʻoiaʻana i kahi kūpono, Pahoimanunu.

ʻO ka hoʻonohonohoʻana i ka hoʻohanaʻana

• Ke kohoʻana i ka hopena electrolyte: Ua hoʻopiʻiʻia ka'āpana Titanium i kahi hopena electrolyte. ʻO nā electrolytes maʻamau no ka hoʻopiliʻana o ka titanim e komo pū me ka acid sulfuric acid, phosphorcus acid, a iʻole he huiʻana o nā maʻi.
• Nā waiwai electrolyte: Keʻano a me keʻano o ka hoʻohuiʻana o ka electrolyte i ka maikaʻi o ke kaʻina hana a me nāʻano o nā kala e hiki ke hanaʻia.
  Hoʻohana pinepineʻiaʻo Sulfuric AcID no ka hanaʻana i nā kala kukui, ʻOiai e hiki ke hoʻohanaʻia nā hopena'ē aʻe no nā uku kūikawā.

Hoʻonohonoho hoʻohui uila a me ka noi uila

• Andiode and cathode pili: Hoʻopiliʻia ka'āpana Timenium i ka pahu kūpono ('Auleʻa) o kahi kumu kumu, ʻOiai he cathode (pinepine pinepine i ka kila kila) pili i ka hopena maikaʻiʻole.
• Palapala noi: Ua kauʻia kahi mea uila ma waena o kaʻauʻau electrolyte, me ka pae o ka uila e hoʻoholo ana i ka mānoanoa o kaʻeke o ka oxide ma luna o ka papa kuhikuhi.
  Nā'ōnaehana Voltageʻokoʻa e hana i nā kala likeʻole (E.g., gula ma 20v, a me ka uliuli ma 110V).

Ke kaʻina hana hana a me ka hoʻokaʻawaleʻana

• Hoʻolālāʻo Oxide: E like me ka heleʻana o nā mea uila ma o ka hopena, ʻO ka uila oxygen Ien me ka papa kuhikuhi, ka hanaʻana i kahi'āpana, crycared ofxdey.
  ʻO ka mānoanoa o kēia alapine e hoʻoholo ai i ke kala ma o ka hoʻokaʻawaleʻana i ke kukui i nā wana likeʻole. Pono e mālama ponoʻia kēia hana e hoʻokō i ke kala i makemakeʻia.
• Palapala Volutage: ʻO nā hopena voltages kiʻekiʻe ma nā'āpana o nā'āpana a me nā kala e like me nā kala e like me ka uliuli, poni, a'ōmaʻomaʻo. E hana i nā loli haʻahaʻa e hana i nā'āpana Oxtide e like me nā kala e like me ke gula a me ke keleawe.

ʻO ka hōʻoiaʻana a me ka mana kūpono

• Kāleka kala: Hoʻokuʻuʻia ka'āpana Titanium i kaʻauʻau a nānāʻia no keʻano kala. Ināʻaʻole i loaʻa ka kala i makemakeʻia, Hiki ke hoʻoponoponoʻia ka Voltage, a iʻole e hana houʻia ke kaʻina hana.
  ʻO ka consistency i loko o ke noi voltage he mea koʻikoʻi e mālama i nā kala kala, nui loa i ka wā e loaʻa ai nā'āpana lehulehu.

Rinsing a me ka neuteralization

• ʻO ke koena o ke koena Acid: Ma hope o ka adizing, ʻO ka'āpana Titanium e holoiʻia i ka wai e hoʻoneʻe i kekahi electrolyte e koe.
  ʻO kahiʻauʻau pale (e like me kahi hopena alkaline) E hoʻohanaʻia e hōʻoia i ka hōʻoiaʻana i ke koena Acid Bading ma luna o kaʻili.
• ʻO ka Rinse hope a me ka maloʻo: Hāʻawiʻia ka'āpana i kahi RINSE hope me ka wai deionized a maloʻo e pale i nā wahi wai a iʻole kekahi koena mai ka hopena.

Ka hōʻailona a me ka hanaʻana

• E pale ana i ka paila o ka bipi: ʻOiai e koi mau anaʻo Titanim Actizing, Hiki ke hana ia e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana a me ke kū'ēʻana e komo ai.
  Ua hoʻopiliʻia kahi kaʻa kaʻa a iʻole keʻano o keʻano kino e pale aku ai e pale i ka'āpana o ka ortide mai ka hana mechanical.
• Post-ho'ōla (Inā pono): Ke hilinaʻi nei i ka noi, Nā alapine hou e like me ka polish, Kauhele, a iʻole e hanaʻia nā mea hana'ē aʻe e hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka hopena a iʻole keʻano.

Ka nānā hope a me ka ho'āʻoʻana

• Hōʻanoʻia: Ua kauʻia ka'āpana Anodized i ka nānā hope, e pili ana i ka nānāʻana i ka lole kala, Aʻo nā kahua hiʻohiʻona, a me ka hōʻoiaʻana ua loaʻa ka payter payer i ka mānoanoa kūpono no ka noi.
• HōʻikeʻanaʻO ka ho'āʻoʻana: I kekahi mau hihia, Nā hōʻike hou (e like me ke kū'ēʻana, E kāʻei i ke kū'ē, a me nā hōʻike durability) hiki ke hanaʻia e hōʻoia i ka hanaʻana o ka hana hoʻohuiʻana i nā kūlana i koiʻia.

5. ʻO kaʻepekema ma hope o ka huiʻana o Titanim

ʻAʻole i hanaʻia ka kala ma ka Timenim i kahi Timenim ma DYES akā e ka maʻalahi māmā. ʻO ka mānoanoa o ka paila o ka oneder.

ʻO kahi'āpana'āpana e hōʻike ana i ke kukui i ke gula a iʻole kaʻulaʻula ulaula (15-30V), ʻOiaiʻo nā'āpana thicker (80V +) hiki ke hoʻopuka i ka'ōmaʻomaʻo, polū, a iʻole magenta hues. ʻO ka mānoanoa o ka papa'āina ma waena o 10 i 1,000 nanometer.

6. Nā pōmaikaʻi o ka aqualig atanizing

• Ke kū'ē neiʻo Corrosionion: ʻO ka paleʻana i ka pale i hoʻopaʻaʻia ma nā wahi i loko o nā wahi, SaulK, a iʻole nā ​​mea kanu, ʻO ka hoʻomaikaʻiʻana i ka corosion ikaika loa.
• Paʻakikī paʻakikī: Hoʻonui ka Makana, Ke hana neiʻo Titnizet Timenim aʻoi aku ka nui.
• Keia Riana: ʻO ka Timenim AVIVIMUM no ka meaʻole-bioctix a me biocomopatible, Ke kūpono nei ia no nā mea olakino a me nā mea hana.
• ʻO Aesthetic: Hāʻawi nā kala kala i ka hana maʻamau no nā hoʻohana likeʻole, Mai nā hoʻolālā kiʻi kiʻi e pili ana i nā'āpana o nāʻoihana.
• Ke kū'ē nei: Ua hoʻomaikaʻi ka mea i hanaʻia i ka paleʻana i ka pale wela, pōmaikaʻi no nā noi i nā wahi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe.
• ʻO nā waiwai uila uila uila: Hāʻawi ka mea i ka Onedide Tooder i ka hoʻoweliweli uila, Hoʻohana i nā noi uila a me nā noi uila.
• Kaʻina hana eco-friend: ʻO Anodizing e hana i nā mea liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi aʻaʻole e hoʻohana i nā mea kanu maikaʻi.
• Kumukūʻai-kūpono: ʻOiai ke kumukūʻai o ka hoʻonohonoho mua, ʻO nā pōmaikaʻi lōʻihi a me ka loaʻaʻana o ka durability e hana i nā kumukūʻai titanim.

7. ʻO ka antiani anoditiz. Alumini anodiciz

ʻOiaiʻo Timinium lāuaʻo Aluminum Actinum Achizizing he mau kaʻina uila uila i hoʻolālāʻia e hoʻonui ai i nāʻano o nā metala, ʻokoʻa lākou i nā manaʻo o ke kaʻina hana, Nā hopena, a noi aku.

Eia kahi hoʻohālikelike kiko'ī ma waena o Titanium lāuaʻo Aluminum Actizing:

Kaohiʻana i ka mānoanoa

• ʻO ka hui pūʻana o Titanium: Hoʻokumuʻo Titanium Aodizing i kahi'āpana o Mile ma kahi o Mile Mile e hāʻawi ai i kahi kiko'ī e hāʻawi ana i kahi kala e pili ana i ka Voltage.
  ʻO ka payter martide ma ka laulā i hoʻohālikelikeʻia i ka alumini, ʻO ka maʻamau maʻamau mai 0.01 i 0.1 Nā molerics.
• Alumini anodiciz: Ua hoʻokumuʻo Alumini Anodizing i kahi hōʻailona a me nā'āpana o ka mix. ʻO kahi axicozing maʻamau (Type II) maʻamau maʻamau mai 5 i 25 Nā molerics, ʻOiaiʻo Achizing paʻakikī (Tymei) hiki ke hōʻea i 100 Nā molerics, e hāʻawi ana i kahi mea e hoʻopili ai.

Nā'āpana kala

• ʻO ka hui pūʻana o Titanium: ʻO Titanium Anodizing e hoʻokō i kahi ākea ākea o nā collar vibrant me kaʻole o ka pono no ka dyes. ʻO nā hopena kala mai nā hopena o nā mea i hoʻopiliʻia i loko o ka'āpana o ka mīkini i hanaʻia e nā mānoanoa.
  Hoʻopili i ka voltage i nā loli kala-haʻahaʻa e hana i ke gula gula a me ka poni poni, ʻOiai e kiʻekiʻe nā voltages kiʻekiʻe e hāʻawi i nā aniani uliuli a me nā leo'ōmaʻomaʻo.
• Alumini anodiciz: Hiki iā Alumini Anodizing ke hana i nā kala, Akāʻo ka hapa nui o nāʻano kala i loaʻa ma o nā make i hoʻohuiʻia i kaʻeke ma hope o ke anadike.
  ʻO keʻano alumini alemini aledizing e hāʻawi ana i kahi paʻa a iʻole ka pākaukau ināʻaʻole i hoʻohuiʻia ke kala.

Ke kū'ē neiʻo Corrosionion

• ʻO ka hui pūʻana o Titanium: ʻO Titanium ka Corrosionion.
  Hoʻohuiʻo Anodizing i kēia waiwai, i loko o nā wahi kūpono e like me ke kai, Hana i nā mea i kohoʻia i nā mea i kohoʻia no nā noi a me nā noi lapaʻau a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau.
• Alumini anodiciz: Ua hoʻomaikaʻiʻo Avized alumini, like me nā lole nani.
  Akā naʻe,, ʻO ka paleʻana o ka corrosion o ka alumini maʻamau ka haʻahaʻa ma mua o kēlā me kēia o ka titanimit, nui loa ma nā wahi harher.

ʻO ka Durability a me nā pale pale

• ʻO ka hui pūʻana o Titanium: ʻO ka papa inoaʻo Titnizem Aodized, e hāʻawi ana i kekahi mau paʻakikī paʻakikī e like me ka mea e like me ka paleʻana i ka paleʻana e like me aluminim.
  No ka hapa nui o nā noi, Hoʻohana houʻiaʻo Anoized Titanium no ka paleʻana a me ka corrosiot a me ka corrosiot.
• Alumini anodiciz: Adized aluminim, ʻO ka mea nui me ka adicozing paʻakikī, Hāʻawi i nā pale i hoʻopaʻaʻia.
  Hoʻonui ka mea nui o kaʻili o ka aila, ke kūpono kūpono no nā noi koʻikoʻi e like me Aerospace a me AutoMotter i nā'āpana.

Kaʻina hana

• ʻO ka hui pūʻana o Titanium: ʻO ke kaʻina o ke kaʻina hana o ka madeitomima e lohi a pono e koi i ka mālama ponoʻana i ka mana uila e hoʻokō ai i nā kala maʻamau.
  Keʻano o ka electrolyte i hoʻohanaʻia (pinepine phosphoric a iʻole sulfuric acid) ʻokoʻa nā mea'ē aʻe mai ka alumini anodic, a me ka hoʻokōʻana i nā hopena kūpono e koi ai i kahi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka pololei.
• Alumini anodiciz: ʻO Anodizing Alumini ka wikiwiki aʻoi aku ka hana i hoʻokumuʻia. Hoʻohana pinepineʻiaʻo ia i ka sulfuric acid e like me ka electrolyte a hiki ke hana i ka nui no nā'āpana he nui.
  ʻO ka mānoanoa a me keʻano o ka'āpana oxide (ʻO ka hana maʻamau a paʻakikī paha) E hilinaʻi ma ka Voltage a me ka manawa ma kaʻauʻau electrlyte.

Noi

• ʻO ka hui pūʻana o Titanium: Ma muli o kāna biocompatibility a me ka paleʻana o ka corrossion maikaʻi loa, Ua kaulanaʻo AVIVIVIM i nā polokalamu lapaʻau, nā mea kūʻai aku, a me nā noi a Aerospace.
  ʻO ka laulā ākea ākea e kūpono ai no nā waiwai a me nā waiwai kūʻai aku.
• Alumini anodiciz: Ua hoʻohana nuiʻiaʻo Avized aluminim i ka kaʻa, AerERPPACE, Matapili, a me nāʻoihana uila uila.
  ʻO kona mau manawaleʻa a me ke kumukūʻai-kūpono e kūpono i nā'āpana kūpono e pono ai nā mea e pono ai nā kukui māmā a me nā corrosior, e like me nā'āpana automotive, Nā Frame, a ua hoopiha.

Ke aniani a me nāʻokoʻa uila

• ʻO ka hui pūʻana o Titanium: Ponoʻo Titanium Aodizing maʻamau e pono ai (20-120 a keu aku paha) ua hoʻohālikelikeʻia i alumini.
  Pono kēia e hana i nā mea i makemakeʻia e makemake ai i nā'āpana o ka paila a me ka hoʻokōʻana i nā hopena kalaʻokoʻa.
• Alumini anodiciz: Aluminum anodizing usually operates at lower voltages (15-25 volts for Type II anodizing and higher for Type III).
  The process is also typically performed at cooler temperatures to control the thickness and hardness of the oxide layer.

Nā noʻonoʻo noʻonoʻo

• ʻO ka hui pūʻana o Titanium: Titanium anodizing is generally more expensive due to the cost of titanium as a raw material and the complex, slower process of anodizing.
  This makes it less cost-effective for high-volume production.
• Alumini anodiciz: Anodized aluminum is more affordable due to the lower cost of aluminum and the faster, more established anodizing process.
  It is more suitable for mass production and applications where cost is a key factor.

Hopena kaiaulu

• ʻO ka hui pūʻana o Titanium: Titanium anodizing is considered environmentally friendly because it does not require toxic dyes or heavy chemicals. ʻO ka papa hana o ka oxide ma keʻano o ka electrolyte me kaʻole o ka pono no nā mea e hoʻohui ai.
• Alumini anodiciz: ʻOiai ua hoʻokumu maikaʻiʻia ke kaʻina hana a Alminim Alumini, i kekahi manawa e pili ana i nā deres a iʻole nā ​​mea kanu i ka wā o ke kahua mālama.
  Akā naʻe,, ʻO nā holomua i loko o kaʻenehana Anodizing i hōʻike i nā kaʻina hana eco-aloha a me nā dyes.

8. Nā noi o ka noi avizet

• AerERPPACE: Nā'āpana no nā mokulele a me nā kikowaena, me nā mea paʻa, Nā'āpana hoʻonohonoho, a me nā'āpana mīkini.
• Olakino: Nā mea kani, nā leka detal, Nā polokalamu Ortthopedic, a me nā mea olakino'ē aʻe.
• Nā leka uila: Sinks wela, Nā Kākoʻo, a me nā mea'ē aʻe e koi ai i ka hōʻoiaʻana o ka uila.
• Aitompetitive: Nā'āpana mīkini, Nā'ōnaehana exhaust, a me nā mea hoʻonani.
• Nā huahana kūʻai: Kōhai, Nā nānā, Nā electronics kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, a me nā lako hāmeʻa.
• Kahahana: Nā mea kālepa kālepa, Mary Ples, a me nā mea hana pūnaewele.

9. Nā pilikia i loko o ka aqualig

Ua kū kekahi mau pilikia i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana, me ka:

• Kala kala: Hiki ke loaʻa i ka kala kūlike ma waena o nā'āpana nui e hiki ke hoʻopunipuni ma muli o nāʻano hoʻololi likeʻole a iʻole ka hoʻohālikelikeʻana i ka wā o ka hoʻoiliʻana.
• Nā kumu kūʻai mua: Ke hoʻonohonoho nei i nā lako hana hana a me ka mālamaʻana i kaʻenehana e pono ke koi i ka waiwai kālā nui.
• Thickness Control: Maintaining precise control of oxide layer thickness is essential for both functional and aesthetic properties, especially in critical applications like medical devices.
• Corrosion and Pitting: Proper sealing and post-processing are essential to prevent corrosion and pitting.
• Koi koi: The process requires skilled operators and precise control to achieve optimal results.

10. ʻO ka mana kūpono a me ka ho'āʻoʻana no ka titanimit adized

Strict testing protocols are in place to ensure quality:

• Color Consistency Testing: Visual inspections ensure the anodized parts meet the required color standards.
• Corrosion and Durability Testing: Subjecting the anodized parts to salt spray, kaulike, and other tests to verify their performance.
• Kūlana Lūkia: Instruments like ellipsometers or profilometers measure the oxide layer thickness to ensure accuracy.

11. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona hope i nā tomanium ativizing

• Advancements in Anodizing Technology: Nā hana hou a me nā lako hana e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka pono a me ka maikaʻi o ke kaʻina hana.
• Nā noi hou: Hoʻohana nā mea e pili ana i nā mahina e like me ka ikehu hou, hana ai, A NANEOTECOMATOTAMON.
• Nā hana hana a Aoding: Hoʻomohalaʻana i nā mea hana eco-aloha a me nā hana e hōʻemi i ka hopena o ke kaiāulu o ke kaʻina hana.

12. Hopena

FaqS

Q: He aha kaʻokoʻa ma waena o ke anadizing a me ke kauʻana?

A: ʻO ka hanaʻana i kahi hana pale pale o ka mixide ma luna o kaʻili o ka metala, ʻOiai e kau ana i ka waihoʻana i kahi waihoʻana i kahi'āpana'āpana o kekahi metala o kekahi. ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o Anodizing a me ke koena e komo ai a me ka corrosiot.

Q: Hiki i kekahiʻano o ka titanium e hoʻohuiʻia?

A: Hiki i ka hapa nui o ka titanium hiki ke hoʻohuiʻia, Akāʻo ka papa kiko'ī a me keʻano hoʻohui e pili ai i ke kaʻina hana a me nā hopena. He mea nui e koho i ka papa kūpono no ka noi i manaʻoʻia.

Q: Pehea ka lōʻihi o ke kaʻina o ke kaʻina hana?

A: ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kaʻina hana e pili ana i ka nui o ka'āpana, ʻO ka mānoanoa i makemakeʻia o ka'āpana o ka bipi, a me nā hiʻohiʻona kaʻina hana kiko'ī. Hiki iā ia ke hele mai i kekahi mau minuke i kekahi mau hola.

Q: ʻO ka Madeized Timenium palekana no nā mea lapaʻau?

A: ʻAe, ʻO ka inoa inoaʻo Aodiem he biocompatible a ua hoʻohana nuiʻia i nā mea lapaʻau i nā mea lapaʻau a me nā mea kūʻai aku ma muli o konaʻanoʻole.

Q: Hiki i ka topized titanium e kala?

A: ʻAe, Hiki i ka Timenim Titanium ke hōʻike i nāʻano likeʻole o nā kala me kaʻole o nā dyes, loaʻa ma o ka hopena o keʻano o ka mālamalama ma ka mānoanoa o ka'āpana. Nā leo likeʻole i ka wā o keʻano o ka hanaʻana i nā kala likeʻole.