1. Hōʻikeʻike
ʻO ke kilaʻo ia kekahi o nā mea koʻikoʻi nui loa i nāʻenehana hou, ke kākoʻoʻana i nāʻoihana mai ke kūkuluʻana i ka hanaʻana a me ka hanaʻana i ka hanaʻana i ka aerospace a me ka ikaika o ka ikehu.
Eia naʻe, ʻAʻole hana nā mea a pau i ka hana. Ke hilinaʻi nei i ka nui a me nā mea a pau a lākou e loaʻa ai, ʻO nā meaʻaihue i hoʻokaʻawale i loko o nā kila haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe.
Ke kū nei i ka kaulike kūpono ma waena o nā hana a me nā uku uku e hoʻomaopopo i kēia mauʻokoʻa.
No laila, Hōʻike kēiaʻatikala i nā kila haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa-alloy (LAS) a me nā kila kiʻekiʻe (Ai) mai nā'āpana he nui-chemistry, nā meaʻikeʻike, Ke kū'ē neiʻo Corrosionion, ka hoʻoiliʻana, Nā Makana, a me nā noi maoli-honua - e alakaʻi i kāu koho koho.
2. He aha ke kila haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa-alloy (LAS)?
ʻO keʻano haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻaʻo ia ka māhele o nā mea hana ferous.
Ho'ākākaʻia e ka haoʻAmelika a me ke kila kila (AISI) e like me nā mea hoʻokele ʻO kahi kiko'ī holoʻokoʻaʻaʻole iʻoi aku 5% Ma ke kaumaha,
Hāʻawiʻo nā kila haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i kahi kaulike i hoʻopaʻaʻia ma waena o ka hana, hana ailihua, a me ke kumukūʻai e like me lākou e like me nā mea hana ma nāʻoihana he nui.
Kalepa me nā micsopy a me nā micsostructure
LikeLalohi kelepona, e hoʻohuli wale ana i ka'ōnaehana o ka hao,
Hoʻohuiʻia nā mea hoʻonaninani haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i nāʻano metallic e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i nā mea waiwai me wahoʻole ke hoʻololiʻana i keʻano o keʻano.
ʻO nā mea maʻamau maʻamau a me ko lākou mau kuleana maʻamau:
- Chromium (Cr): Hoʻonui i ka paʻakikī, ʻO ka pale oxidation, a me ka ikaika nui.
- Nickel (I): Hoʻonui i ka paʻakikī, nui loa ma nā wela o sub-zero.
- Mybrideum (Mo): Hoʻonui i ka ikaika i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe a hoʻonui i ke kū'ē curp.
- Vanadium (V): E hoʻolōʻihi i ka nui o ka palaoa a me ka hāʻawiʻana i ka paʻakikī o ka paʻakikī.
- Liulaala (Cu): Hāʻawi i ke kū'ēʻana i ka paleʻana o ka corrosioni.
- Titanium (No): Hoʻopili i nā kāmela a hoʻonui i nā mea hoʻokūkū Microstructural.
ʻO kēia mau mea nui e pili ana i ka hopena o ka paʻa, hoʻoikaika paʻa, a me ka hoʻokumuʻana o nā kākela i hoʻopiliʻia a iʻole nā nitrides.
Ma ka hopena, ʻO nā kilokilo haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e hōʻike pinepine i nā microstructures ferrite, Puʻuʻupuʻu, Bainite, Oole Martissite, Ke hilinaʻi nei i ka mālama wela a me nāʻanoʻokoʻa.
ʻo kahi laʻana, nā mea kanu chromium-molybdenum (e like me AISI 4130 Oole 4140 Kukui Kekuhi) E hana i nā hana mardentic mardelitic ma hope o ka piʻiʻana a me ka huhū, Hāʻawi i ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me nā pale pale me kaʻole o ke kaumahaʻole.
ʻO ka papa kuhikuhi a me ka hoʻolālāʻana
ʻO nā kilokilo haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e pili ana i kā lākou hana mechanical, ʻO ka pane wela wela, a iʻole ka hana lawelawe lawelawe. Hoʻokomoʻia nā'āpana maʻamau:
- Nā kinipōpō a me nā kinipōpō: Kaulana no ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ka paʻakikī.
- ʻO ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa-alloy-alloy (Hsla) Nā pāpale: Hoʻomohalaʻia no nā noi piliʻana me ka hoʻonuiʻiaʻana o ka formability a me ka welolbility.
- Nā mea kanu creep-resistant: Hoʻolālā e mālama i ka ikaika ma nā wela kiʻekiʻe.
- Nā mea hana manu (E.g., Astm A588 / corten): Hoʻomohalaʻia no ka hoʻomaikaʻiʻana i ka paleʻana o ka corrosion.
I ka'ōnaehana hoʻolālā AISI-SAE, Ua hōʻike pinepineʻia nā kilokilo haʻahaʻa ʻEhā mau helu e hoʻomaka ana me "41", "43", "86", a iʻole "87", e hōʻike ana i nā hui hoʻohui hoʻohui (E.g., 4140 = 0.40% C, Cr-m ceel).
3. He aha ke kila kiʻekiʻe-alloy (Ai)?
Hōʻikeʻo Steel i ke alapine kiʻekiʻe i kahi papa ākea o nā mea hoʻokūkū e pili ana i kahi nui 5% Ma ke kaumaha, pinepine pinepine i nā pae o 10% i 30% a iʻole, Ke hilinaʻi nei i ka papa a me ka noi.
ʻAʻole like me ke kila haʻahaʻa, e hoʻomaikaʻi i nā waiwai me nā hoʻohui hoʻohui, Ua hilinaʻiʻo Steel i ke ala kiʻekiʻe ma luna o nā mea hoʻopiʻi nui o nā mea
e like me Chromium (Cr), nickel (I), Mybrideum (Mo), tungsten (W), vanadium (V), a me ka corbat (CO) e hoʻokō i nāʻano hana maikaʻi loa.
ʻO kēia mau kinikini e hanaʻia no nā koi koi e koi ana Ke kū'ē neiʻo Corrosion Corrosion, ka ikaika ikaika, ʻO ka hoʻomauʻana, a iʻole e pale aku.
Hoʻokomoʻia nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau nā mea kanu lāʻau, nā mea hana hāmeʻa, ʻO nā kālaki, a hualaola.
Kalepa me nā micsopy a me nā micsostructure
Ua loaʻa i nā mea hoʻokūkū kiʻekiʻe e loaʻa i nā cheelsx. E pāʻani ana kēlā me kēia koho a me keʻano kūpono:
- Chromium (≥12%): Hoʻolaha i nā mea kūʻai ma keʻano he lahilahi, Hoʻokomoʻiaʻo Addheret Mile, ʻo ia ka mea pono no ka paleʻana o ka corrosion i nā mea kanu lāʻau.
- Nickel: Hoʻonui i ka paʻakikī, hopena kū'ē, a me ke kū'ēʻana, ʻOiai e hoʻopili pū ana i ka hana austetitic.
- Mybrideum: Hoʻonui i ka ikaika ma nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kū'ēʻana i ka paleʻana a me ka crevice crevice corrosion.
- Vanidium a me nā tungsten: E hoʻolauleʻa ai i ka hana kaʻa kaʻa maikaʻi no ka paleʻana i ke kū'ē a me ka paʻakikī wela.
- Corbat a me titenium: Hoʻohanaʻia i loko o nā mea hana a me nā kilokilo o nā kinikini no ka hoʻoponopono paʻaʻana i ka paʻa a me ka hoʻoikaikaʻana i ka paʻakikī.
ʻO kēia mau hoʻolālā alloying e hiki ai E wehewehe ponoʻo Phase, e komo pū me ka loaʻaʻana o Austente, ka hoʻokumuʻana i ka martidetion, a iʻole ke hoʻopiliʻana i nā hui waena o nā coubound.
ʻo kahi laʻana:
- ʻO nā mea kanu lāʻau austetitic (E.g., 304, 316): ʻO nā papa kiʻekiʻe CR a me N N N N N N N N N N magnetic A non-magnetic (Fcc) ʻano, ka mālamaʻana i nā ductility a me ka corrosione e pale ana i nā wela cristogenic.
- Martestitic a me nā papa hana paʻa-paʻakikī (E.g., 17-4Ph, H12 steel): Hiʻohiʻona i kahi tetragonal kino kino (Bctkau ma na) a iʻole ka hoʻolālā mardelitic e hiki ke paʻakikī i ka hana wela.
ʻO ka heluʻana o nā mea hoʻokūkū kiʻekiʻe
ʻO nā kinika kiʻekiʻe loa e heluʻia i nāʻano ma hope o nāʻano:
| KākauohaHuna | Nā Kahu Mihi | Nā hiʻohiʻona kiʻekiʻe | Nā noi maʻamau |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kila kohu ʻole | 304, 316, 410, 17-4Ph | Corrosionion kū'ē ma keʻano cr-down; Ua hāʻawi kekahi mau helu i ka ikaika + kumaikalua | Nā lako hana, Nā Hana Hana, Biikona |
| Mea Hana | H13, D2, M2, T1 | ʻO paʻakikī paʻakikī, Ke kū'ē neiʻo Abrasion, paʻakikī loa | Make, ʻokiʻana i nā hana hana, Nā'Upō |
| ʻO nā kālaki | 18I(250), 18I(300) | Ikaika loa, paʻakikī; ʻO ka paleʻana o ka paleʻana o keʻanoʻo Ni-waiwai martite | AerERPPACE, reflan, nā'āpana hana kiʻekiʻe |
| Hualaola | Actoel 718, Hailani, E Hoʻi hou 41 | Ikaika ikaika + ʻO Corrosion / Oxidation kū'ē i nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe | Nā huakaʻi kuʻuna, Nā Hana Hana, nā mea hana nuklea |
4. Nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi o nāʻano haʻahaʻa-alloy vs kiʻekiʻe-alloy kila
Ka hoʻomaopopoʻana i kaʻikeʻana i ka haʻahaʻa-alloy vs kiʻekiʻe-koho balota i hanaʻia ma nā mīkini hana a me nā hana a me nā mea hoʻolālā
Ke kohoʻana i nā mea hana no ke kūpaʻa kūpono, ʻO ka liloʻana o ka lawelawe, a me ke kumukūʻai-kūpono.
ʻO kēia mau mea hana e kū pono anaʻaʻole wale mai ka mea maʻamau i keʻano o ke kalepa akā mai ka mālamaʻana o nā thermomecika.
E hoʻolako i kahi hoʻohālikelike kiko'ī, Ua hōʻikeʻia nā hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi ma lalo:
| Waiwai | Hoʻohaʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa-alino | ʻO ke kila kila kiʻekiʻe |
|---|---|---|
| Ikaika ikaika | Maʻamau maʻamau mai 450-850 mpa, Ma muli o ka mālama wela a me ka papa | Pinepine pinepine 900 Mpa, ʻO nā mea i hoʻopaʻaʻia ma nā papa hana paʻakikī |
| Ka ikaika | Hiki 350-700 mPA Ma hope o ka piʻiʻana a me ka huhū | Hiki i nā mea 800 Mpa, kūikawā i loko o nā mea i hoʻopaʻaʻia a me nā kinikini paʻakikī |
| Kumaikalua (Ewangantion %) | Maʻalahi i ka maikaʻi maikaʻi (10-25%), kūpono no ka hoʻokumuʻana | ʻO nāʻano ākea ākea; Hāʻawiʻo Austetitic >30%, ʻOiaiʻo nā mea hana a nā mea hana <10% |
Hālulu |
Hoʻokō 200-350 hb; kaupalenaʻia e ka carbon a me nā pae kiʻekiʻe | Hiki ke keu 600 Him (E.g., I M2 a iʻole D2 mau kākela); Kūpono no nā noi pili-koʻikoʻi |
| E kāʻei i ke kū'ē | Hoʻonuiʻia e nā kākela i nā cr / mo, akā,ʻokoʻa loa | Maikaʻi loa i loko o nā mea hana a make i nā pahuhopu ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kaʻaʻana i ka nui |
| ʻO ka paʻakikī | ʻO ka maikaʻi ma ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i nā pae kiʻekiʻe | Hāʻawiʻo Austeticic i ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe; ʻO kekahi mau helu kiʻekiʻe-ʻoi aku paha e nānāʻia |
| ʻO ka paleʻana o ka momona | Lawa no nā noi noi dinamic; ʻO ka nānāʻana i ka hoʻopauʻana a me ke kaumaha | ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi ma ka marloyed martestitic a me nā kinikini; Hoʻopiliʻia ke kū'ēʻana |
Pale pale |
Ka palena palena lōʻihi ma luna 450° C | Maikaʻi loa i nā mea kanu kiʻekiʻe; hoʻohanaʻia ma nā trubines, nāʻaiʻana |
| Kūlohelohe | ʻO ka paʻaʻana o ke kūpaʻa a me ka ikaika o ka ikaika ma luna 500-600 ° C | Mālama i nā kūlana kūpono e kū pono ai 1000° C I nā mea kanu a me nā helu kiʻekiʻe-cri |
| Ke kū'ē neiʻo Corrosionion | ʻIlihune i ka maʻalahi; pono pinepine i nā lole a iʻole nā mea hana | Kūpono, ʻoi aku i nā mea hoʻokūkū maikaʻiʻole me >12% Cr A me ka hoʻohuiʻana |
| ʻO ka wela wela | Hoʻopaʻa pinepineʻia ma ka quench a me nā hana hoʻonaninani | ʻO nā hana paʻakikī: Hoʻoholo hōʻoluʻolu, Hoʻonui nui, Nā wāwae cryogen |
Wawahua |
Ka mea maikaʻi; ʻO kekahi mau mea hoʻowalewale i ka pilikia me nāʻano kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe-carbon | Nāʻokoʻa; ʻO nā māka Austetitic maikaʻi loa, Hiki i nā poʻe'ē aʻe ke koi i nā metala a iʻole nā metala |
| Markinpalibility | Kūpono i ka maikaʻi, ʻO nā mea i alakaʻiʻia a iʻole resulfuid variants | Hiki ke paʻakikī ma muli o ka paʻakikī a me kaʻike kaʻa (Hoʻohana i nā mea hana i kālaiʻia) |
| NoMame | He kūpono no ke kāʻeiʻana a me ka holoʻana ma nā moku'āina | Maikaʻi loa i nā kāhiko Austetetic; kaupalenaʻia ma nā papa hana paʻakikī |
Nā nānā nui:
- Ikaika loa. Kalepa: ʻO nā kiloki koho kiʻekiʻe e hāʻawi pinepine i ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, Akā hiki i kekahi mau helu ke nalowale i ka ductility a paʻakikī paha.
ʻO nā kilokilo haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i kēia mau waiwai no ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka hoʻohanaʻana. - Hoʻolālā Kūleʻa: No nā hana kiʻekiʻe (E.g., Nā mea kanu mua, Nā Hana Hana), ʻO nā kilokilo kiʻekiʻe loa e hele ana i waho.
- Pale pale: ʻOiai e hoʻomau pinepineʻia nā alakaʻi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ma luna o nā kapa waho, ʻO nā kiloki kiʻekiʻe-a me nā mea hoʻonaninani nui a me nā superaliys.
- Kumukūʻai vs. Hana: Hāʻawiʻo Sweel haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i kahi kumukūʻai kumukūʻai maikaʻi loa,
kahi i mālamaʻia ai ke kila kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe loa.
5. Nā noi ma waena o nāʻoihana
Hoʻohaʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa-alino
- Kūkulu hoʻi: Nā alahaka, Maunalimalima, rebar, nā sruptural beams
- Aitompetitive: Ankles, Nā Frame, nā mea hoʻopiʻi suspension
- Pono & Aila: ʻO nā kāpena pipeline (API 5L x70, X80)
- NA KAHIKI: Nā lako hana, nā ipu koʻikoʻi
ʻO ke kila kila kiʻekiʻe
- AerERPPACE: Nā'āpana o Turbine, Nā'āpana o Jet Engine, Nā Kūlana Kūlana
- Ke kālepaʻana: Nā mea hana, nā mea hana wela, Pumps
- Olakino: Nā mea kani, ʻO nā mea hana ortthopedic (316L stainless)
- Ikaika: Nukle retactor retactor, Nā laina Steam Supercrat
6. Hopena
ʻO nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻaʻelua-alloy vs kiʻekiʻe-alloy, Ke hilinaʻi nei i nā pono hana a me nā hana kūlohelohe o kahi noi i hāʻawiʻia.
ʻO nā kilokilo haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i kahi kaulike maikaʻi ma waena o ka ikaika, Kālā, a me ke kumukuai, Ke kūpono nei iā lākou no ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka hoʻohanaʻenehana maʻamau.
Nā puʻukū kiʻekiʻe, ma ka lima ʻē aʻe, E hāʻawi i nā hana Mechanical a me ka hanaʻana i kaʻenehana no nāʻoihana kiʻekiʻe e like me Aerospace, olakino, a me ka mana.
Ma ka hoʻomaopopoʻana i ka kemika, puiahuhu, a me nāʻokoʻa waiwai ma waena o kēia mauʻohana kila,
Hiki i nā mea hoʻoholo e hiki ke koho i nā mea no ka palekana, durability, a me ka nui o ke kumukūʻai o kaʻona-hōʻoia i ka kūleʻa o kaʻenehana i kaʻoihana i ka blueprint i ka huahana hope loa.
ʻO kēia ʻO ke koho kūpono kūpono no kāu hana hana e pono ai inā makemakeʻoe i ka maikaʻi kiʻekiʻe Hoʻohuiʻiaʻo Alloy Kōla Nā'āpana.
FaqS
He mea kila maoli i manaʻoʻia he kila kiʻekiʻe?
ʻAe. ʻO ke kila stielless kahiʻano maʻamau o ke kila kiʻekiʻe-alloy. ʻO ia ka mea maʻamau ma ka liʻiliʻi loa 10.5% Chromium, ka mea e hiki ai i ka hoʻokumuʻana o kahi kiʻi o ka stckie.
Nui nā mea hoʻokūkū nui i loaʻa iā nickel, Mybrideum, a me nā mea'ē aʻe'ē aʻe.
Hiki ke hoʻohanaʻia i nā mea kila haʻahaʻa?
ʻO nā makana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ke kū'ēʻana i ka paleʻana, ʻoiai inā a pau i ka wā e like me nā mea e like me ke keleawe a iʻole chromium.
Akā naʻe,, Pono pinepine lākou pio ke pale (E.g., garvalirigigling, Kāleka) Oole Mālamaʻo Cashodic I ka wā i hoʻohanaʻia ma nā wahi kūwaho a iʻole nā wahi moana.
Pehea e pili ai i nā mea hoʻohui hoʻohui?
Hiki i nā mea kiʻekiʻe ke hōʻemi i ka hiki ke hōʻemi i ka ulia ma muli o ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka paʻakikī a me ka pilikia o ka cracking.
Hōʻike pinepine nā kilokilo haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ʻOiai naʻe E hoʻomaʻamaʻa a me ka hana wela wela Pono paha e pono.
Pono pinepine nā kuʻekuʻe kiʻekiʻe nā kaʻina hana maʻalahi a me nā metala.
Aia nā kūlana honua e hoʻokaʻawale i waena o nā mea haʻahaʻa a kiʻekiʻe?
ʻAe. Nā kūlana mai nā hui e like me Hosm, Meme, Iso, a saze / Aisi E wehewehe i nā palena hana chempical a hoʻonohonoho i nā mea hoʻokele e like me.
E kuhikuhi hou kēia mau hana i nā waiwai mechanical, ʻO nā kūlana hana wela, a me na noi noi.
ʻO keʻano o keʻano o ka mea kila alloy iʻoi aku ka maikaʻi no nā noi kiʻekiʻe?
Nā puʻukū kiʻekiʻe, kūikawā nā mea kanu nckel Oole ʻO nā meaʻili a nā chromium kiʻekiʻe,
hana maikaʻi loa i nā wahi kiʻekiʻe ma muli o ko lākou paleʻana i ka crep, oxiyan, a me ka momona.
Hoʻonui pinepineʻia nā kilokilo haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i nā mahana ma luna o 500 ° C.
Heʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o nā kilokiki kiʻekiʻe i ka mīkini a me nā lole?
ʻAe, laulaha. Nā puʻukū kiʻekiʻe, nā mea hana i nā mea hana a me nā hōʻailona paʻakikī paʻakikī, hiki paʻakikī i ka mīkini Ma muli o ko lākou paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe a me kaʻike kaʻa.
Hiki ke kaupalenaʻia kā lākou Wewana i kekahi mau helu. Like, He nui nā kilokilo he nui loa, huila, a me ke ano.
ʻO keʻano kila kila eʻoi aku ka maikaʻi?
Nā puʻu haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka uku-kūpono i nā'ōlelo a ʻO ke kumukūʻai kūʻai kūʻai mua a me nā hana.
Akā naʻe,, nā puʻukū kiʻekiʻe E hāʻawi paha i kahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o kaʻona I nā noi noi ma muli o kā lākou durability, ke kū'ēʻana i ka hemahema, a hōʻemi i nā pono mālama mālama.
