Ua hoʻohana au i ka hapa nui o koʻu ola hana ma nā lumi hoʻolei pololei.
Ua ʻike au i kahi pūpū i ʻike maikaʻi ʻia i loko o ka lumi maloʻo i hāʻule i loko o ka autoclave; Ua ʻike au i kahi pūpū sodium silicate maʻalahi e mālama i ke kālā ma ka ʻōlelo ʻōlelo a nalowale ʻelua i ka ʻōpala.
A ua ʻike au i kahi laina silica sol i hoʻokele maikaʻi ʻia e hoʻohuli i nā hoʻoheheʻe kila stainless nui i hiki ʻole i nā mea kūʻai ke hoʻopā aku ma hope o ka pana ʻana..
No nā hoʻoheheʻe kila nui, ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia ka pūpū. ʻO ia ke kumu o ka pololei o ke ana, Kahiki Pāʻani Waiwai, a he hua.
Ma ka ʻoihana hoʻolei pololei o Kina, ʻehā mau ala hana lehu i hoʻohana nui ʻia:
- A. ʻO ka pūpū sodium silicate
- Na B. pūpū hui
- C. ʻO ka pūpū silica sol me ka wax wela haʻahaʻa
- D. ʻO ka pūpū silica sol me ka wax wela waena
Hoʻohana maʻamau nā ala mua ʻekolu i nā ʻano wax wela haʻahaʻa. Mai kahi hiʻohiʻona hoʻolei, ʻO ka sodium silicate ka nāwaliwali loa; ʻO ka huila a me ka silica sol-haʻahaʻa-haʻahaʻa wax ma waena; Hāʻawi ka silica sol–medium-temperature wax i ka hopena maikaʻi loa.
Mai ka nānā ʻana i ka shell-cost, ʻO ka sodium silicate ka mea liʻiliʻi loa, ʻoiai ʻo ka silica sol–medium-temperature wax ka mea pipiʻi loa.
Hoʻohālikelike kēia ʻatikala i kēia mau ala ʻehā mai ka manaʻo o kahi ʻenekini hoʻokumu—ʻaʻole he papa inoa.
1. No ke aha he mea nui ka hana ʻana i ka Shell no nā mea hao hao nui
Hana ʻia ka pūpū ceramic ma ke ʻano he ʻano ʻino ʻole a me ka pahu hana no ka metala hoʻoheheʻe ʻia.
Hoʻopili pololei kāna hana i ka maikaʻi o ka ʻili, dimensional pololei, PūNea ma loko, a me ka hua hana o ka hoolei ana.
No nā mea kila kila nui, ʻelima mau hiʻohiʻona pūpū e pono ke nānā pono.
ʻO ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ke kuʻe ʻana o ka kolo
E ninini ʻia ke kila kila ma kahi wela kiʻekiʻe, e pili ana i ka papa alloy, Casting Givening Get, a me ka hana hoolele.
Pono e mālama i ka ikaika mechanical i ka wā preheating, E ninini ana, a hoʻopaʻa paʻa.
Hiki i ka pūpū me ka ikaika ʻole o ka wela kiʻekiʻe ke hoʻoheheʻe ma lalo o ke kaumaha o ka metala i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia.
Hiki i kēia ke hoʻololi i nā dimensional deviations, mānoanoa pā ʻole, ʻōpuʻu kūloko, a i ʻole ka distortion o nā ʻili mīkini koʻikoʻi.
He mea koʻikoʻi ka pale ʻana i ka creep. Loaʻa nā pūpū seramika i ka hoʻouka mau ʻana i nā wela kiʻekiʻe, a hiki i kā lākou hana deformation ke hoʻololi i ka pololei o ke ana ʻoiai ʻaʻole hiki ke haʻi koke ʻia.
ʻO kēia kahi kumu i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā pūpū silica-sol-bonded ma mua o nā pūpū sodium silicate-bonded i ke koi ʻana i nā noi hoʻoheheʻe nui..
ʻO ka Permeability a me ka Hoʻokuʻu Gas
I ka ninini ana, Pono e pakele ka ea a me nā kinoea ʻē aʻe i loko o ka lua poʻi i ka piha ʻana o ka metala i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka pūpū.
Kaiwa, wax koena, a me nā huahana decomposition binder hiki ke kōkua pū i nā hemahema pili kinoea.
Inā lawa ʻole ka permeability o ka pūpū, hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā kinoea a hoʻoulu i ka porosity, BUTHOULES, a iʻole ka hoʻopiha pihaʻana.
Nā ʻāpana pā lahilahi, mau ala haiki, a me nā geometries impeller paʻakikī e pili pono i kēia mau kūlana.
Pili ka permeability i kekahi mau kumu:
- ʻO ka puʻunaue ʻana o ka nui o nā ʻāpana refractory a me ke ʻano o ka palaoa.
- ʻO ka mānoanoa o ke alo a me ka helu o nā ʻāpana pūpū.
- ʻO ka maʻiʻo paʻa a me ka ratio pauda-a-wai.
- ʻO nā kūlana maloʻo a me ke kī.
- ʻO ke alo o ke koena wax, kaiwa, a i ʻole nā mea haumia ʻē aʻe.
Pono ka pūpū kiʻekiʻe e hāʻawi i kahi kaulike kūpono ma waena o ka ikaika a me ke kinoea permeability.
ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka mea hoʻopaʻa paʻa a i ʻole ka hana ʻana i ka lole maka paʻa loa e hoʻomaikaʻi i kekahi mau ʻano o ka pono o ka pūpū i ka wā e kaohi ana i ka hoʻokuʻu kinoea..
Hoʻopau i ka ʻili a me ka pololei o ke ana
Hoʻopili pololei ka ʻaʻahu maka i ke kila kuhili ʻole i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a hoʻoholo nui i ke kūlana o ka ʻili.
ʻO kona kūlana refractory, māhele ʻāpana, ʻano pulu, a me ke kū'ē ʻana i nā hoʻoheheʻe metala-moli e hoʻopili i ka ʻeleʻele o ka ʻili a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā hemahema.
No ka pololei kiʻekiʻe Kālā Pūnaewele, ʻO ka ʻeleʻele o ka ʻili a puni ʻo Ra 0.8–4.3 μm a me nā māka hoʻomanawanui dimensional CT3–CT5 i hōʻike ʻia ma ka hoʻohālikelike ʻenehana kumu no nā noi koi..
Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia kēia mau helu ma ke ʻano he mau hōʻailona pili i ke kaʻina hana ma mua o ka hōʻoia ʻana o ke ao holoʻokoʻa, ʻoi aku no nā hoʻolei nui.
ʻAʻole hiki ke hōʻoia ʻia ke kumu kūʻai hou aku o ka wax a me ka ʻōnaehana silica-sol nā mea hoʻoheheʻe ʻia me ka nui o ke kila kuhili ʻole..
I kēlā mau hihia, Hiki ke hā'awi aku i nā ka'ina hana ho'okele waiwai 'oi aku ka maika'i.
ʻO ke kūpaʻa haʻalulu wela a me ka paʻa o ka Shell
Hoʻokomo ʻia nā hoʻoheheʻe nui i nā ukana wela nui ma ka pūpū. ʻO ka wela like ʻole, koena wai, lawa ole ka maloo ana, wikiwiki dewaxing, a me nā kūlana kī ʻole hiki ke hoʻoulu i nā koʻikoʻi wela.
Hiki i ka pohā o ka pūpū ke alakaʻi i ke komo ʻana i ka metala, mau wele, nā hemahema, a i ʻole ka hoʻolele hoʻolele piha ʻana.
No nā mea kaumaha, ʻo ka hoʻoponopono ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka pūpū i hāʻule ʻole e hoʻopau i ka hana nui, ikaika, a me ka manawa hana.
No laila, pono e ho'omalo'o ka ho'omalo'o 'ia ma ke ka'ina hana pūpū, kiʻi ʻaʻahu, nā mea refractory kūpono, a me ka mānoanoa pūpū i kūpono i ka nuipa a me ka geometry o ka hoʻolei ʻana.
Uku hana a me ka manawa alakai
ʻOi aku ka hopena o ke kaʻina hana o ka pūpū ma mua o ke kumu kūʻai pololei o nā mea seramika.
Hoʻoholo pū ia i nā pono hana, hoʻokomo waiwai, ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka pilina, ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka papahele, a me ka manawa e pono ai e hoʻokuʻu i kahi hui kumu no ka ninini ʻana.
No ka impeller nui a i ʻole ke kino valve e kaupaona ana he ʻumi kilokani, ʻO kahi kaʻina hana e mālama ai i kahi mea liʻiliʻi o ka mea refractory akā makemake i kekahi mau lā hou o ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokele waiwai.
Like, Hiki ke hoʻāpono ʻia kahi ʻōnaehana pūpū premium ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa nui ʻia kona kikoʻī kiʻekiʻe a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa..
ʻO ke kaʻina hana ʻoi loa ka mea e hāʻawi i ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻolei ʻana i makemake ʻia ma ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ʻaʻole pono ka mea me ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.
2. Nānā o nā Kaʻina Hana Hana ʻEhā
ʻOkoʻa nā kaʻina hana ʻehā i ka kemika binder, mea pale pale maka, kūkulu ʻana i ka ʻōpū-backup, nā koi ʻano wax, a me nā mana hana.
| Ke kaʻina hana | Pūnaehana binder | Pūnaehana wax maʻamau | Nā pōmaikaʻi nui | Nā palena nui |
| ʻO ka pūpū sodium silicate | Sodium silicate | ʻO keʻano haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa | Uku haʻahaʻa, pōkole pōkole, kiʻekiʻe permeability, ʻano maʻalahi ka wehe ʻana i ka pūpū | Haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe-mehana ikaika, ʻoi aku ka paʻa liʻiliʻi, ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa nui |
| pūpū hui | Silica sol i nā ʻaʻahu maka; ka sodium silicate i loko o nā kapa pale | ʻO keʻano haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa | ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻili ma mua o nā pūpū sodium silicate maʻamau; pōʻaiapili hana pōkole | Ua kaupalena ʻia ka hana ʻana o ka ʻili-backup e ka sodium silicate |
ʻO ka pūpū silica-sol me ka wax wela haʻahaʻa |
Silica sol a puni ka ʻōnaehana pūpū | ʻO keʻano haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa | ʻO ka ikaika o ka pūpū maikaʻi, kū ponoʻole, Kahiki Pāʻani Waiwai, a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā castings nui | ʻOi aku ke kumukūʻai a me ka pōʻaiapuni maloʻo lōʻihi |
| ʻO ka pūpū silica-sol me ka wax wela waena | Silica sol a puni ka ʻōnaehana pūpū | ʻO ka heleʻana-medium-mahana | ʻO ka pololei kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, Hoʻopau maikaʻi loa, hiki haʻahaʻa hemahema ma lalo o nā kūlana hoʻomalu | ʻO ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe o ka wax a me nā mea hana; ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻolimalima a me nā koi hana |
3. ʻO ka pāpaʻi paʻakai: Māmā, Hōʻoiaʻiʻo, Akā ʻo ka Quality-Limited
Ka hana ʻana i ka pūpū sodium silicate he moʻolelo hana ʻaneʻane 60 mau makahiki ma Kina. Ke hoʻomau nei ka helu no kahi 70% o na hale hana hoolei pololei o na Pake.
ʻAʻole ia no ka mea e hoʻopuka ana i nā castings maikaʻi loa. No ke kumu kūʻai, LāʻIke, a kala ana.
Ma luna o nā makahiki he mau makahiki, ʻO ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā mea refractory back-up a me nā mea paʻakikī hou i ʻoi aku ma mua o pālua ka ikaika o ka pūpū.
Hiki ke hoʻolei ʻia, dimensional pololei, a ua maikai ka hua. Paʻa mau nā pūpū sodium silicate i ka māhele mākeke nui a ua hoʻololi i kekahi mau hoʻolei ʻana i ke one ma waho i nā kauoha hoʻokuʻu aku..
He ʻoiaʻiʻo nā pōmaikaʻi: uku haʻahaʻa, pōkole hana pōkole, maikaʻi kikeke, a me ka permeability kiʻekiʻe. ʻAʻohe kaʻina hana ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ka sodium silicate ma ia mau kiko.
Akā, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻolei ʻana—ka ʻeleʻele o ka ʻili, helu hemahema, dimensional pololei, hua, a ʻoi aku ka hewa ma mua o nā ala ʻē aʻe ʻekolu.
Nā pilikia kumu
ʻO ka nāwaliwali kumu ka mea hoʻopaʻa ponoʻī. Loaʻa i ka sodium silicate kahi pae kiʻekiʻe o Na₂O.
ʻO kona ikaika wela kiʻekiʻe a me kona kūpaʻa kolo ʻoi loa ma lalo o nā pūpū silica sol—ma kahi wale nō. 1/30 i 1/60 o silica sol.
Ma muli o kēia, hoʻohana ʻia nā kumu kūʻai he nui, ʻO ke one quartz haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ka palaoa me ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka helu ʻana i ka nui o nā ʻāpana no nā papa hope.
Hoʻopili ʻia nā hardeners i ka nui ammonium chloride. Ma lalo o kēlā mau kūlana, ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia nā hoʻolei pololei kiʻekiʻe.
ʻO ka pilikia ʻelua, ʻo ia ke kaʻina hana. He ʻokoʻa ka hana ʻana o ka shell mai ka pūʻulu a i ka pūʻulu. Nui ʻole nā papa hana i ka mana koʻikoʻi o nā kaʻina hana.
ʻO ka hardener he corrosive, Ua pau pinepine na mea hoohuoi lepo, a he liʻiliʻi nā hale hana i loaʻa ka mahana-, humidity-, a me nā kaiapuni lepo.
Ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka uhi, hāwanaʻu, haunaele, a ʻaʻole hiki ke mālama ʻia ka dewaxing e like me nā kūlana hana o ka ʻoihana—viscosity, umekaumaha kiko, hoʻopaʻa paʻakikī, a ʻaʻole nānā ʻia ka pH ma ka papa kuhikuhi.
Ka wela lumi maloʻo, kaulike, a ʻaʻole i mālama pinepine ʻia ka wikiwiki o ka ea. Ma ka hopena, High- a i ʻole ka wā wela haʻahaʻa a me nā kau haʻahaʻa hiki ke hana i nā ʻōpala.
I nā'ōlelo'ē aʻe, nui nā hale hana i noho ma ke kiʻekiʻe o kahi papa hana lima, e hilinaʻi ana i ka ʻike ma mua o ka hoʻomalu ʻana i ka maikaʻi ʻepekema.
ʻO ia ke kumu nui i loaʻa ʻole ai ka maikaʻi o ka sodium silicate castings, kiʻekiʻe o ka hōʻole ʻana, a me ka nui o ka hemahema no na makahiki.
Kuhikuhi Hoʻomaikaʻi
Ka mua, e hoʻololi i ka palaoa one quartz haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa me ka pauda micro silica maʻemaʻe, like me vein quartz.
E hoʻohana i kahi bimodal māhele ʻāpana-nui o ka pauda quartz poepoe no ka hoomakaukau ana i ka slurry pale maka.
Hoʻomaikaʻi kēia i ka paʻa thermochemical o ka ʻili maka a ʻae i ka ratio pauda-a-wai kiʻekiʻe.
I kekahi laʻana hana, me ka sodium silicate o Chilulus 3.4 a huakai 1.28 g / cm³, ua hiki ka ratio pauda-a-wai 2.7.
Ma hope o ka wili poepoe pulu, hoʻopaʻa pahu hoʻokahi, hoʻokaʻawale magnetic, a me ka wai deionised, ka poepoe, bimodal, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pauda hoʻomaʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka pauda i hui ʻia.
Ka lua, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka mana maikaʻi ma ka pūnaewele a hahai i nā kūlana aupuni. E hoʻokaʻawale i ka uhi, stuccoing, a me nā wahi paʻakikī mai ka lumi hoʻomaloʻo pūpū.
E hoʻomalu i ka mahana a me ka haʻahaʻa ma mua; hoʻomaikaʻi i ka wehe ʻana o ka lepo a me ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion i ka hope. Hoʻopaʻa kēia i ka maikaʻi o ka shell a hoʻomaikaʻi i ke ʻano hana.
Ke kolu, pani i ka papa mua a me ka lua o ka calcite–sodium silicate shell me a calcite–silika sol alo a me ka papa hoʻololi, hoʻopau loa i ka sodium silicate a me ka ammonium chloride hardener mai ka maka a me nā papa hoʻololi.
Ua hōʻike ʻia ka helu ʻana i ke kumukūʻai hoʻolei i hoʻonui wale ʻia 0.46 yuan/kg, ʻoiai ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka pōʻaiapili hana pūpū me ka pūpū sodium silicate.
4. Silica Sol Shell me ka Wax Wehe Haʻahaʻa: Ke Alanui Waena Pragmatic
Ua kūpono ke ala silica sol–haʻahaʻa wela i ka mākeke Kina.
He mea kūpono ia no nā castings a puni 1 kg, a puni 5 kg a ma luna aʻe - nā hoʻolei kaumaha-kaumaha - kahi e hāʻawi ai i ka maʻalahi a me ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka wax wela waena..
No ka hapa nui o nā hoʻolei ʻana a me ka nui, ka paakiki, dimensional pololei, a ʻaʻole kiʻekiʻe loa nā koi hoʻomanawanui.
ʻAʻohe pono e hoʻohana i ka wax wela waena kiʻekiʻe. Pono ka wax wela ha'aha'a i ke kinikini wax ki'eki'e—ma luna 6–7 MPa—a i ʻole ka wai ʻaila wai.
ʻO ia ke ʻano o ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā lako lako nui. Kūlohelohe, hiki ke emi nā mamana wax wela waena kaumaha, hapa, a ʻoi aku ke kumukūʻai.
He maʻalahi ka hana ʻana i ka wax wela haʻahaʻa, pono nā mea hana maʻalahi, a ʻaʻole nui ka ʻokoʻa o ka ʻawaʻawa o ke kumu wax.
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā pūpū hui, hāʻawi kēia ala i ka maikaʻi paʻa, ʻoi aku ka pololei o ke ana. ʻAʻohe sodium silicate i loko, no laila, loaʻa i ka pūpū nā waiwai wela kiʻekiʻe.
Ma hope o ka sintering ma kahi o 1,500° C, He kiʻekiʻe ka permeability a me ka ikaika o ka kolo.
Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no nā ʻāpana pā lahilahi a me nā ʻāpana waena-nui paʻakikī, a no na apana kaumaha a hiki i 60–100 kg- nā pahu pahu, hanakai, nā pūpū wai deflector, Nā kino kino, nā kino valve, a me na mea like.
No ka pā mānoanoa-nui a kaumaha paha, ʻO ka ʻōpuʻu a i ʻole ka liʻiliʻi ʻeleʻele e ninini pololei ana i mua o ka umu e hiki ke loaʻa ka hua kiʻekiʻe..
Nā pilikia
Ka mua, no ka mea, hoʻohana ʻia ka wax wela haʻahaʻa, ʻO ka hapa nui o nā pūpū i dewaxed i ka wai.
Komo ʻole ke koena saponified i loko o ka pūpū — ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻokahe ʻia ʻana o nā pūpū composite a me ka sodium silicate i loko o ka pahu wai hoʻokahi-no ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka ʻili a me ka piʻi iki ʻana o ka hāʻule.. ʻO kēia ka nāwaliwali nui.
Ka lua, ʻO ka pōʻaiapuni hana lōʻihi ka hemahema nui loa. No nā ʻāpana koʻikoʻi me nā lua hohonu a i ʻole nā awāwa hohonu, pono paha kēlā me kēia papa 24–47 hola o ka maloo ana.
A 60 kg lua-kanal impeller koi pinepine 10–15 lā ka hana ʻana i ka pūpū. Hiki i nā wahi makapō maloʻo ʻole ke hoʻoheheʻe hou i ka silica sol i ka wā o ka dewaxing wai a alakaʻi i nā māwae pūpū.
Ke kolu, ʻo ke kumukūʻai e pili ana 5 mau manawa ʻo ka pūpū sodium silicate—e pili ana 6,000 yuan no ke tona o ka hoolei ana no ka hana ʻana i ka pūpū—a 18% ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka pūpū hui. No laila, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kumukūʻai hoʻolei.
Kuhikuhi Hoʻomaikaʻi
No ka pale ʻana i nā hoʻokomo saponified mai ka wax wela haʻahaʻa i hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻole ʻia a mai ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka pahu wai wela hoʻokahi me nā pūpū huila a sodium silicate., hoʻohana ka mahu dewaxing a 0.3–0.5 MPa a 130–140°C ma kahi o ka wai dewaxing.
Hōʻalo kēia i ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka saponification a me ka haki ʻana o ka pūpū.
Inā hoʻohana ʻia ka dewaxing wai wela, Hoʻohui 1-3% ma ka nui o ka waika hydrochloric ʻenehana i ka wai, a ma hope o ka dewaxing e holoi i nā pūpū me ka wai wela i loko o ka waikawa e hoʻemi i ke koena saponified.
Mai kaʻana like i ka pahu me ka sodium silicate a i ʻole nā pūpū hui. E hoʻololi kaʻawale i ka wai a i ʻole dewax e hōʻemi i ka mea saponified e komo i ka pūpū.
No ka lapaʻau ʻana i ka wax, hoʻohana 3–5% ma ka nui o ka sulfuric acid i ka wai hoolapalapa, me ka lawa o ka paila ana a me ka hooponopono ana.
I ka hooilo, haʻahaʻa ka wela o ka wai paʻakikī, ʻOi aku ka nui o ka Na₂O i loko o nā pūpū sodium silicate a me nā pūpū hui, a ʻoi aku ka koʻikoʻi o ka saponification wax.
E hoʻohui hou aku i ka sulfuric acid i ka wax i hoʻihoʻi ʻia. Ma hope o ka mālama ʻana i ka wax, He mea nui hoʻi ka hoʻohui koke ʻana o ka polyether.
No ka hoʻopōkole ʻana i ka pōʻai hana pūpū, hoʻohana sol silika maloʻo wikiwiki. Ke oo nei keia hana. Hiki ke hoemiia ka manawa maloo no kela me keia papa ma kahi o hapalua.
No nā ʻāpana nui, kēlā me kēia papa koe wale nō ka papa hope e pono ai wale nō 3 Nā hola hola. Hiki ke hāʻule ka manawa hana shell mai 62 hola i 24 Nā hola hola.
No nā ʻāpana waena-kaumaha, e pili ana ka hoemi 60% hoʻohālikelike me ka silica sol maʻamau.
ʻO ke kumukūʻai makeke wale nō 20–30% kiʻekiʻe, a hiki ke hoʻihoʻi ʻia kēlā uku ma o ka hoʻemi ʻia o ka papahele, ʻai wela, a me ka hua kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka silica sol maloʻo wikiwiki kahi kuhikuhi hikiʻole ke hoʻololi i ka pūpū silica sol.
E hoemi i ke kumukuai, ʻO ke ala kūpono loa e pani i ka zircon me quartz i hoʻohui ʻia a i ʻole synthetic quartz no ka pale pale maka. ʻO Zircon ka helu no kahi 65% o ka huina kumu kuai silica sol shell.
Hoʻololi i ka zircon me ka calcite a i ʻole quartz i hoʻemi ʻia ke kumu kūʻai o ka pūpū mai 6,000 yuan/t hoolei ana i 2,210 yuan/t, a 55.8% Kamona. No nā ʻāpana waena-kaumaha, Hoʻololi mālie ʻia ke one quartz fused/palaoa i ke one zircon/palaoa.
5. Silica Sol Shell me Medium-Temperature Wax: ʻO ka hōʻailona maikaʻi
ʻO ka silica sol-medium-temperature wax ke ala hoʻolei pololei maʻamau ma waena o ka honua. Hāʻawi ia i ka maikaʻi hoʻolei maikaʻi a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.
He kūpono loa ia no nā ʻāpana waena-nui a ʻoi aku ka nui e koi ana i ka ʻili ʻili kiʻekiʻe—Ra 0.8–4.3—a me ka pololei o ke ana nui—CT3–CT5.
Ma muli o nā lako a me nā palena kumukūʻai, Akā naʻe,, ʻaʻole hoʻohana ʻia no nā ʻāpana waena-kaumaha ma ka 5–100 kg Nā haʻona.
Nā pilikia
Ka mua, Kālā. ʻO ke kumukūʻai Shell e pili ana 8 mau manawa ʻo ka sodium silicate, a pili 20% ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka wax-silica sol.
ʻO nā kumu nui, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kumu kūʻai o ka shell a me ka wax material, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻohana mana o nā mea hana, a me ka hoʻokomo waiwai kiʻekiʻe.
Ka lua, ua like ke kaʻina hana me ka wax-silica sol haʻahaʻa a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o ka sodium silicate a i ʻole nā pūpū hui..
Ke kolu, no ka 5–60 kg nā hoʻolei ʻana i waena o ke kaumaha, wax wai wela waena ma 63–75°C a me ke kiʻekiʻe injection pressure o kahi 7.1–8.0 MPa pono.
Hiki ke emi nā ʻano o nā ʻano pāpaʻi liʻiliʻi. ʻAʻole kiʻekiʻe loa ka pololei o ke ana.
No ka mea, ʻaʻole pono nā ʻāpana haʻahaʻa-kaumaha e like me nā ʻāpana nui, ʻAʻole koho pinepine ʻia ka silica sol–medium-temperature wax no lākou.
Kuhikuhi Hoʻomaikaʻi
E mālama i ke kumukūʻai me ka mālama ʻana i ka maikaʻi, ma hope o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka hiki ʻole o ka calcite me ka wax wela waena, ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka zircon me ka quartz synthetic a i ʻole fused quartz ʻo ia ke kuhikuhi.
Loaʻa i ka quartz fused ka helu hoʻonui laina o wale nō 5 × 10⁻⁷/°C, a o kona kumukuai wale no 1/6 ʻo ka zircon. Ma nā ʻāina ʻē, Hoʻonui mālie ka quartz fused i ka noi.
ʻO ka silica sol maloʻo wikiwiki e hoʻopōkole i ka pōʻai pūpū he kuhikuhi maʻamau i ka ʻoihana.
He hana koʻikoʻi ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka wax wela waena a i ʻole ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka wax paraffin-polyether haʻahaʻa wela..
ʻO ke kī ʻo ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka pilikia lapaʻau-wax i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i paʻa mau nā waiwai wax i ka hana ʻana.
6. Huipuʻu pūpū: He Kuikahi, ʻAʻole he pane hope
No ka lanakila ʻana i nā nāwaliwali o nā pūpū sodium silicate, Nui nā hale hana i kēia manawa i ka zircon a me ka mullite-silica sol no ka papa mua a me ka lua, ʻoiai e mālama ana i ke kaʻina hana sodium silicate kumu no nā papa hope.
He kuʻikahi kēia e hoʻohui i ka hana maikaʻi o ka silica sol me ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa a me ka pōkole pōkole o ka sodium silicate..
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā pūpū sodium silicate, hoʻomaikaʻi nui ʻia ka hana hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i nā pūpū hui: ʻoʻoleʻa haʻahaʻa, liʻiliʻi nā hemahema o ka ʻili, a emi iho ka hemahema.
Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ke kila kila, kila pale wela, a me nā kila kila kiʻekiʻe. ʻOi aku ka pōkole o ka pōʻaiapili hana ma mua o ka wax-silica sol haʻahaʻa a like me ka sodium silicate.
Nā pilikia nui
Ka mua, no ka mea, paʻa nā papa hope i ka mea hoʻopili sodium silicate, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka ikaika wela kiʻekiʻe a me ke kūpaʻa kolo o ka pūpū ma mua o ka pūpū silica sol.
Ua kaupalena ʻia ka mahana o ka sintering shell i lalo 960° C. Nā luna 800° C, piʻi ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka pūpū e 30%.
Hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka pūpū silica sol a hiki i kahi 1,500° C a ʻaʻole hoʻopōʻino ma mua o kēlā mahana.
No laila, ka pololei ana o na hoolei hui-hui, me ka hoʻomanawanui, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o nā pūpū silica sol.
I ka ninini ʻana i nā pahu nui a puni 10 kg, nā papa silica sol hou—ma ka liʻiliʻi loa 2 ʻoi aku nā papa- pono e loaʻa ka ikaika wela kiʻekiʻe a pale i ka deformation.
Ka lua, ʻo nā papa mua ʻelua ke kumu nui e pili ana i ka permeability shell. ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana mai ka sodium silicate i ka silica sol e hōʻemi loa i ka permeability o ka pūpū.
Ke haʻahaʻa ka mahana sintering a ʻaʻole lawa ka manawa paʻa, ʻO ka pololi, poino, a hiki pinepine ke pani anu.
No laila paʻakikī ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pūpū hui no nā ʻāpana pā lahilahi d ≤ 3 mm, nā'āpana nui, a me nā ʻāpana ʻokoʻa ma lalo e pili ana 60 kg.
No ka mea, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka ikaika wela ma mua o ka silica sol, hiki i ka ʻōpala ke hopena. I nā'ōlelo'ē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka hui pū ʻia ma mua o ka sodium silicate a me nā pūpū silica sol.
Ke kolu, ʻoi aku ka paʻa o ka maikaʻi o ka pūpū-hui ma mua o ka sodium silicate akā ʻoi aku ka paʻa ma mua o ka silica sol. Aia i loko o nā papa hope ka mea ho'opili sodium silicate.
E hoʻomalu i ke kumukūʻai, ke hoʻohana mau nei nā hale hana i nā kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa, paʻa ʻole e like me ka pālolo a me ke one granular. Ua like ka mana o ka hana me ka sodium silicate, no laila ʻilihune ka paʻa o ka maikaʻi.
No nā ʻāpana kaumaha a puni 10 kg a me na hapa nui malalo 1 kg, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hōʻole ʻana a me ka hāʻule ʻana ma mua o nā pūpū silica sol.
Ka ʻehā, no ka mea, hoʻohana nā pūpū hui i ka zircon pipiʻi no ka ʻaʻahu maka, ʻO ke kumukūʻai pūpū 6.3 mau manawa ʻo ka sodium silicate.
Inā hoʻohana ʻia ke one mullite/palaoa no nā papa hope, ʻaneʻane like ke kumukūʻai o ka pūpū me ka silica sol—ma kahi wale nō 1 yuan/kg hoolei ana ʻokoʻa. ʻAʻole nui ka pōmaikaʻi haʻahaʻa.
Ka lima, ʻAʻole hiki i nā pūpū hui ke hoʻohana i ka wax wela waena. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka wax wela i ka wai wela.
I loko o kahi autoclave ma 171° C a 0.6 Mpa, Hoʻopili ikaika ka damar resin me ka sodium silicate a me ke koena paʻakikī ma nā papa hope., ka hana ʻana i mea keʻokeʻo lāʻau saponified ʻaʻole hiki ke hana hou me ka ʻole o ka mālama ʻana.
Hiki i nā pūpū silica sol ke hoʻohana i nā haʻahaʻa ʻelua- a me ka wax wela me ka pilikia ole.
I ka hōʻuluʻuluʻana, ʻO ka pūpū hui kahi hoʻomaikaʻi ma mua o ka sodium silicate. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻolei ʻana, hua, a me ka helu hemahema, akā, ʻokoʻa loa ia mai kahi pūpū silica sol.
Ma waho aʻe o kahi pōʻai hana pōkole a haʻahaʻa iki ke kumukūʻai shell, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻolei ʻana a me ka hilinaʻi i ka silica sol.
Kuhikuhi Hoʻomaikaʻi
Ka mua, e hoʻololi i ke one zircon me ka calcite no ka pale pale alo. ʻAʻole hilinaʻi loa ka hiki ke hoʻolei ʻia i ka refractory pale alo; pili loa ia i ka mea hoʻopaʻa a me ke ʻano o ka wax—ke ʻano ʻawaʻawa a me ke koena saponified..
Hiki i nā pūpū hui ke hoʻohana wale i ka wax wela haʻahaʻa a hoʻohana nui ʻia no ka hoʻoheheʻe pololei ʻana me ka ʻawaʻawa waena—Ra 6.3–11.5—a me ka pololei o ke kiko haahaa—CT4–CT6.
Hōʻike ka ʻike hana i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka zircon-silica sol me ka calcite-silica sol no ka ʻaʻahu maka he hiki loa..
Hoemi keia i ke kumukuai shell mai 4,150–4,830 yuan/t hoolei ana i 1,360 yuan/t, wale no 460 yuan ʻoi aku ma mua o ka sodium silicate.
Ka lua, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka mana maikaʻi a me ke kaiapuni no ka hana ʻana i ka pūpū, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā papa hope.
Ke kolu, pono e hoʻohana nā papa hope i ka paʻa, kiʻekiʻe-mehana-hiki, nā refractories kūʻai liʻiliʻi me ka ʻoluʻolu ʻoluʻolu kūpono me ka ʻaʻahu maka.
Manaʻo ʻia ʻelua mau mea hoʻihoʻi maʻamau. ʻO kekahi o ka pālolo pālolo-quartz panina pauda ma 60%/40%, i kālai ʻia me ke one ʻōpala i hana ʻia mai ka ʻōpala ʻōpala corundum a me nā ʻōpala brick refractory e pili ana.
Loaʻa nui ia, Lāʻoluʻolu, a hāʻawi i ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe-kiʻekiʻe a me ke kūpaʻa kolo ma mua o ka mullite a i ʻole ka bauxite, ma wale 1/2–1/3 ke kumukuai o ka bauxite.
He kūpono ia i ka zircon a i ʻole synthetic quartz maka lole. ʻO ka lua, ʻo ka pālolo refractory–granular powder coating ma ka ratio leo o 3:7, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ke one granular.
Kūpono kēia koho i nā pūpū zircon composite wale nō. Ke hoʻohana nei kekahi mau hale hana i ke one mullite/palaoa a i ʻole ka bauxite no nā papa hope.
Paʻa ka waiwai o ka uhi ʻana, he lahilahi ka pūpū a maʻalahi hoʻi e hoʻopaʻa ʻia, akā, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kumukūʻai a ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o nā waiwai kiʻekiʻe ma mua o nā koho ʻelua ma luna. ʻAʻole maikaʻi ka hana kīkēkē ʻana o ka Bauxite.
Nā mea i hana ʻia mai ka ʻōpala ʻōpala porcelain, tile aniani, a i ʻole ke kīleʻa papahele he ʻuʻuku, ʻaʻole naʻe lākou e puhi ʻia i ka wela kiʻekiʻe, paʻakikī ka haku mele ʻana, hōʻike i kahi manaʻo ikaika e pohā i ka wela kiʻekiʻe, loaʻa ka refractoriness haʻahaʻa, a paʻakikī ke kīkēkē ma hope o ka ninini ʻana - ʻoi loa no nā ʻāpana kaumaha. ʻAʻole paipai ʻia lākou.
7. Nā ʻano hoʻomohala o ka wā e hiki mai ana i ka hana ʻana i ka Shell no nā mea hoʻolei ʻia ʻana o ke kila kuhili ʻole
Ke hoʻomau nei ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻenehana hana shell i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻolei ʻana i ka wā e hōʻemi ana i ke kumukūʻai hana, manawa manawa, a me nā hopena kaiāulu.
ʻOi aku ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hoʻopili Silica-Sol
Hāʻawi nā ʻōnaehana Silica-sol i kahi kumu ʻenehana ikaika no ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka waiwai kiʻekiʻe ma muli o kā lākou mau waiwai shell maikaʻi a hiki i ka hana paʻa..
ʻO kā lākou hoʻokomo ākea e pili ana i ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā hemahema e pili ana i nā kumukūʻai waiwai a me ka manawa maloʻo.
sol silica maloʻo wikiwiki, kūkulu ʻia ʻana o ka pūpū, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā ʻōnaehana refractory hiki ke kōkua i ka pani ʻana i kēia āpau.
ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka Refractory Optimization
Hiki ke hoʻemi i nā kumukūʻai waiwai ke hoʻololi i ka zircon pipiʻi me ka silica synthetic kūpono a i ʻole fused silica, akā, pono e mālama nā mea pani i ka hoʻohālikelike kemika a me ka maikaʻi o ka ʻili.
Pono ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka wā e hiki mai ana i ka ʻōnaehana pale alo holoʻokoʻa, me ke kemika binder, hoouka pauda, puunaue-nui, ʻano pulu, a me ka maloʻo kūpaʻa.
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻonui ʻana i kēia mau mea hoʻololi ma mua o ka hōʻemi ʻana i ke kumukūʻai refractory ma kahi kaʻawale.
ʻOi aku ka wikiwiki a me ka hoʻomaloʻo mau
Mea hoʻomaloʻo wikiwiki, hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka hoʻokele ea, hoʻomalule ʻia ka haʻahaʻa, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka nānā ʻana i ke kaiapuni i hiki ke hōʻemi i nā manawa pōʻaiapili hana pūpū.
ʻAʻole wale ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana i kēlā me kēia papa i ka wikiwiki. ʻO ia ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ikaika kūpono a me ke kūpaʻa dimensional me ka liʻiliʻi o ka manawa kali a me ka hoʻololi ʻana o ke kaʻina hana.
Mana Kaʻina Hana Ikepili
Hiki i nā foundries o kēia wā ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kūlike me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā waiwai slurry, ʻano hoʻomaloʻo, helu ʻana o ka pūpū, dewaxing parameters, kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi, a me ka hoolei ana i na hopena.
ʻO ke kālailai ʻana i kēia mau moʻolelo e kōkua i ka ʻike ʻana i nā kūlana kaʻina hana e pili ana i nā māwae pūpū, hoʻokaʻawale ana, A heheka manuahi.
Ua holo ʻoi aʻe ka manawa, hiki kēia i nā puka makani paʻa pono a hoʻemi i ka hilinaʻi ʻana i ka ʻike o kēlā me kēia mea hana.
Huina-kumu hana
ʻO ke ʻano o ka wā lōʻihi e pili ana i ka loiloi ʻana i nā kaʻina hana hana shell ma ke kumukūʻai o ka hana ʻana i nā castings i ʻae ʻia ma mua o nā mea shell wale nō..
He hana e hoemi ana i ka hoole, nā haʻawina mīkini, a hiki i ka lohi o ka lawe ʻana ke hāʻawi i kahi hopena pāʻoihana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi inā ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kumu kūʻai mua.
He mea koʻikoʻi kēia no ka hoʻolei ʻana i ke kila kila nui, kahi e hiki ai i kēlā me kēia ʻāpana hōʻole ke hōʻike i kahi poho nui.
8. Hopena
ʻO nā kaʻina hana ʻehā nui i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hoʻolei ʻana i ka hoʻokele waiwai - nā pūpū sodium silicate, pūpū hui, nā pūpū silica-sol me ka wax wela haʻahaʻa, a me nā pūpū silica-sol me ka wax wela waena— hāʻawi kēlā me kēia i nā pono like ʻole e pili ana i ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻolei ʻana., Kālā, a me ka huaolelo.
No nā hoʻoheheʻe kila nui, ʻO nā hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi loa ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka mana kaʻina hana, hoʻonui i nā refractories maka-ʻahu, hoʻohana i nā ʻōnaehana silica-sol maloʻo wikiwiki, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ka wax, a koho i ka hana pūpū e like me ka hoʻolei ʻana i ka geometry a me ka nui o ka hana.
Lākahi, ʻO ke kaʻina hana hana pūpū maikaʻi ʻaʻole ʻo ia ka mea maʻalahi a ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi.
ʻO ia ke kaʻina hana e hana mau ai i nā hoʻoheheʻe e kū ana i nā kūlana maikaʻi i koi ʻia ma ka huina haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.
No nā hale kūkulu e ʻimi nei i ka maikaʻi a me ka hana paʻa, ka hui ʻana o ka ʻenehana silica-sol kūpono, nā mea refractory kūpono, maloʻo hoʻomalu, a me ka hoʻokele kaʻina hana i hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻikepili ke hāʻawi aku nei i kahi ala kūpono i ka hoʻolei ʻana i ka hoʻopukapuka kālā kiʻekiʻe.
FaqS
ʻO ke kaʻina hana hana pūpū e hāʻawi ai i ka maikaʻi maikaʻi loa no nā hoʻolei kila kuhili nui?
Hāʻawi ka silica sol shell me ka wax wela waena i ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻolei ʻana, dimensional pololei, a me ka helu haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.
ʻO ka silica sol me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa he koho kūpono no nā ʻāpana waena-kaumaha.
No ke aha e hoʻohana mau ʻia ai ka sodium silicate inā haʻahaʻa kona maikaʻi?
He kūʻai kūʻai aku ka sodium silicate, he pōkiʻi hana pōkole, maikaʻi kikeke, a me ka permeability kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻomau ʻia ʻo ia i ka hoʻokele waiwai no ka hoʻolei ʻana i ka liʻiliʻi.
No ke aha e hiki ʻole ai i nā pūpū hui ke hoʻohana i ka wax wela waena?
I ka autoclave dewaxing ma 171 ° C a 0.6 Mpa, Hoʻopili ka damar resin me ka sodium silicate a me ke koena paʻakikī ma nā papa hope, ka hana ʻana i mea lāʻau saponified ʻaʻole hiki ke hana hou ʻia me ka mālama ʻole ʻana.
He aha ka ʻaoʻao o ka wā e hiki mai ana no nā pūpū hoʻoheheʻe kila nui?
ʻO nā pūpū silica sol — ʻoi aku ka nui me nā mea kūʻai haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me nā mea hoʻopaʻa maloʻo wikiwiki - e hoʻololi mālie i ka sodium silicate a me nā pūpū composite i ka piʻi ʻana o ka pono..
