Fuclex fuciallest steel 332c13

Duplex stainless steels combine the best of austenitic and ferritic grades, delivering high strength and corrosion resistance in a single alloy.

Among them, Fuclex fuciallest steel 332c13 stands out for its balanced microstructure, robust mechanical performance, and excellent pitting resistance.

Ma kēiaʻatikala, we explore 332C13’s chemistry, waiwai, fabrication, and real-world applications to guide engineers in material selection and design.

1. Hōʻikeʻike

Nā mea kanu lāʻau fall into four main families:

• Austetetitic (e.g. 304, 316) with high nickel and excellent formability
• Ferritic (e.g. 430, 444) with good stress-corrosion cracking resistance
• Martesestic (e.g. 410, 420) offering high hardness after heat treatment
• Duplex combining austenite and ferrite phases roughly 50:50

Duplex grades emerged in the 1970s to address the need for stronger, more corrosion-resistant alloys in aggressive environments.

332C13 (EN 1.4462/UNS S31803 equivalent) enjoys widespread specification under Apono a240, A789, a A790 for plate, pipe, and tube applications.

We delve into 332C13’s unique attributes to help you apply it effectively in engineering projects.

2. Kinohi

Duplex 332C13 achieves its performance through a carefully balanced chemistry:

Mua	Typical Content	Hana
KālekaʻAʻI (C)	≤ 0.020%	Limits carbide precipitation
Chromium (Cr)	21.5–23.5%	Provides corrosion resistance
Nickel (I)	4.5-6.5%	Stabilizes austenite
Mybrideum (Mo)	2.5-3.5%	Enhances pitting and crevice resistance
Nitrogen (N)	0.14–0.20%	Boosts strength and pitting resistance
Mang kāne (Mn)	≤ 2.00%	Aids deoxidation and hot-working
Silikino (A)	≤ 1.00%	Improves oxidation resistance at high T
Phoshorus (P)	≤ 0.030%	Restricts embrittlement
Sulfur (S)	≤ 0.020%	Minimizes sulfide inclusions

The result is a duplex microstructure o ka aneane 50% ferrite and 50% austentes.

This dual-phase balance delivers both the toughness of austenitic steels and the chloride stress-corrosion cracking resistance of ferritic steels.

By comparison, common duplex grade 2205 (1.4462) shares this chemistry, heaha SAF 2304 trims Mo and N for a “lean” duplex with slightly lower pitting resistance.

3. Nā Pīkuhi Propertinies

Duplex 332C13 outperforms most austenitic and ferritic grades in strength:

Waiwai	Waiwai maʻamau
Ka ikaika (0.2% Kahiki)	450–550 MPa
Ultimate Tensile Strength	650-800 mpa
Ewangantion (A₅₀ mm)	≥ 25%
Hālulu (Mau Kanaka Waiwai)	250–300 HB
Modulus olasticity	~210 GPa

Thanks to its high yield strength—approximately double that of 304/316 stainless—it enables thinner sections and lighter structures under the same load.

Nui loa, the stress-strain curve remains linear to high loads, offering a ʻO ka pae kiʻekiʻe-kiʻekiʻe-kiʻekiʻe ideal for pressure vessels, nā hana hana, and pipework.

4. Physical Properties of Duplex Stainless Steel 332C13

By combining a moderate density and high stiffness with excellent thermal conductivity and controlled expansion, Duplex 332C13 offers a robust physical‐property package.

Waiwai	Waiwai maʻamau
Huakai	7.75–7.85 g/cm³
Modulus olasticity	200-210 GPA
ʻO ka laulā o Poisson	0.27-0.30
Ka HōʻaʻO Kokua	15–20 W/m·K at 20 ° C
ʻO ka mana wela	~460 J/kg·K at 20 ° C
Ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka	12.5–14 × 10⁻⁶ /°C (20-300 ° C)
ʻO keʻano o ka uila	0.5–0.7 μΩ·m at 20 ° C
ʻO Magnetic Permeibility (μᵣ)	1.01–1.05 (slightly magnetic)

5. Ke kū'ē neiʻo Corrosionion

Duplex 332C13 excels in aggressive environments:

• Ke kū'ē kū'ē: Ia Wood (ʻO ka heluʻana i keʻano kūlike) calculates to ≥ 30, which translates to excellent resistance against chloride-induced pitting.
• Crevice Corrosion: Dense ferrite and Mo-enriched phases impede crevice attack in stagnant seawater conditions.
• ʻO ke kūleʻaʻana o ke kalaʻana (SCC): Duplex grades resist SCC at ambient and elevated temperatures (up to ~80 °C) far better than 316L.

In side-by-side tests, 332C13 resists pitting in 6% Nacl i 25 ° C i +600 mV vs. Ag/AgCl, while 316L breaks down near +300 mV.

For marine platforms, nā lāʻau kanu lāʻau, and chloride-rich atmospheres, 332C13 offers a clear advantage over standard austenitic alloys.

6. Fabrication and Weldability

332C13’s dual-phase structure supports both cold-work a hot-work, but its higher strength demands robust equipment:

• NoMame: You can bend, stamp, and roll 332C13, though required forces reach ~1.5× those for 304. Designers should limit reduction per pass to avoid cracking.
• Wawahua: The alloy welds readily with matching duplex filler (e.g. ER2209) without preheating.
  Akā naʻe,, excessive heat input can create brittle σ-phase in the HAZ, so maintain interpass temperatures below 200 °C and use multi-pass techniques if needed.
• Post-Weld Treatment: A solution anneal at 1020–1100 °C, followed by rapid quenching, restores phase balance after heavy welding.
  I nā hihia he nui, Akā naʻe,, post-weld annealing is unnecessary for non-critical components.

By following controlled welding workflows and using proper filler metals, fabricators can leverage 332C13’s performance without major post-processing.

7. ʻO ke kū'ēʻana

Duplex 332C13 maintains mechanical integrity up to 300–350 °C. Beyond this range:

• Ferrite proportion can drop, e hōʻemi ana i ka paʻakikī
• Elevated-temperature creep and phase instability may emerge

Ia ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka (~13 × 10⁻⁶ /°C) lies between austenitic (~16 × 10⁻⁶ /°C) and ferritic (~10 × 10⁻⁶ /°C) Nā Kaumaka, limiting thermal stress in dissimilar-metal joins.

\In moderate-temperature heat exchangers, nā ipu koʻikoʻi, and piping with cyclic thermal loads, 332C13 offers stable performance without the cost of super-duplex alloys.

8. Standards and Designations

Duplex 332C13 appears under multiple specifications:

• I 1.4462 (Europa)
• UNS S31803 / S32205 (USA/ASTM A240, A789, A790)
• Iso 11960 for OCTG pipe
• NORSOK MDS for subsea applications

Producers supply 332C13 in she wallpaper, plate, Bar, tube, a forgings, often in sizes up to 15 mm plate or 12 ″ OD pipe.
Certification to I 10204 3.1 Oole Astm A967 ensures traceability and acceptable ferrite levels.

9. Applications of 332C13

Thanks to its balanced properties, 332C13 serves across industries:

• Marine & Of 3Ikeha: Mooring hardware, Piping, Nā Vilves, and heat exchanger tubing in seawater service.
• Ke kālepaʻana: Reactors, Piping, Nā pahu mālama, and pumps handling chlorides, suldides, and caustics.
• Pulp & Paper: Digesters, bleaching towers, and liquor recirculation lines where chloride and sulfate attack occur.
• Mana pā'āʻu: Condenser tubing, cooling water systems, and structural support in nuclear and fossil-fired plants.
• Infrastructure: Bridges, architectural supports, and building facades requiring both strength and weathering resistance.

By replacing 316L or even 2205 in these roles, 332C13 often reduces maintenance costs and increases service life.

10. Comparison with Other Duplex Grades

To put 332C13’s performance in context, let’s compare it against three widely used duplex stainless steels—2205, SAF 2304, and super-duplex 2507—across multiple key dimensions:

Key Takeaways

• Corrosion vs. Kālā: 332C13 and 2205 deliver similar pitting and SCC resistance at comparable cost; SAF 2304 reduces Mo content (a me ke kumukuai) with modest trade-offs in PREN.
  Super-duplex 2507 achieves the highest PREN (≥40) but commands a price premium and poses greater welding challenges.
• Mechanical Balance: Duplex stainless steel 332C13 and 2205 share high strength (YS ≈450 MPa, UTS ≈650–700 MPa), whereas SAF 2304’s strength sits lower (~350/600 MPa), a 2507 leads the pack (~620/830 MPa).
  For structures requiring maximum strength, 2507 excels; for balanced performance and economy, 332C13 or 2205 often suffice.
• Fabrication Considerations: SAF 2304 offers the easiest formability, making it suitable for tight bends and deep draws.
  He ʻokoʻa, 2507 requires strict thermal control to avoid σ-phase formation, while 332C13 and 2205 fall in between.
• Thermal & Structural Stability: All four grades operate reliably up to ~300 °C.
  Designers facing cyclic thermal loads appreciate 332C13’s intermediate coefficient of expansion, minimizing thermal stress in mixed-metal assemblies.

11. Loaʻa a me nā palena

Loaʻa

• Ikaika ikaika: Yield ~2× 316L enables lighter, stronger designs.
• Ke kū'ē neiʻo Corrosionion: PREN ≥ 30 resists pitting, kāpaʻa, and SCC in chloride environments.
• Kūlohelohe: Maintains properties to 350 °C with moderate thermal expansion.
• Lifecycle Savings: Longer intervals between maintenance and replacement.

PAHUI

• NoMame: Requires more force and tighter bend radii than austenitics.
• High-Toughness Loss: Extended exposure >350 °C can embrittle HAZ.
• Welding Complexity: Needs controlled heat input and potential post-weld annealing.
• Loaʻaʻia: Less stocked than 304/316, may incur lead times.

12. Hopena

Duplex Stainless Steel 332C13 offers a compelling balance of ka ikaika ikaika, chloride corrosion resistance, a wawahua, making it a go-to choice for demanding marine, Kekau, and structural applications.

By understanding its chemistry, ka hoʻoiliʻana, a service limits, engineers can specify 332C13 with confidence, achieving durable, cost-effective solutions even in aggressive environments.

As industries continue pushing performance boundaries, duplex grades like 332C13 will play an ever-greater role in advancing reliability and sustainability.

 

ʻO kēia ʻO ke koho kūpono kūpono no kāu hana hana e pono ai inā makemakeʻoe i ka maikaʻi kiʻekiʻe duplex stainless steel castings.

Kāhea iā mākou i kēia lā!