ʻO nā mea hoʻokūkū Fuplex e hui pū ai i nā mea maikaʻi loa o Austetitic a me Ferritic Grades, ka hāʻawiʻana i ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ke kuʻekuʻeʻana i keʻano o kahi alloy.
Mawaena o lakou, Fuclex fuciallest steel 332c13 kū ma waho o kāna mau miclentructure, ʻO ka hana mechanical hana, a me ka nānāʻana i ke kū'ēʻana.
Ma kēiaʻatikala, Eʻimi mākou i ka 1002C13's Chemistry, waiwai, huahuai, a me nā noi honua maoli e alakaʻi i nā mīkini hana i ke kohoʻana a me nā hoʻolālā.
1. Hōʻikeʻike
Nā mea kanu lāʻau hāʻule i nāʻohanaʻehā nui:
- Austetetitic (e.g. 304, 316) me ka nickel kiʻekiʻe a maikaʻi loa
- Ferritic (e.g. 430, 444) me keʻano o keʻano hakakā
- Martesestic (e.g. 410, 420) hāʻawiʻia i ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe ma hope o ka mālama wela
- Duplex ka hoʻohuiʻana i ka austente a me nā mea e pili ana i nā ferrite 50:50
Ua puka mai nā mea nui Duplex i nā makahiki 1970 e kamaʻilio i ka pono no ka ikaika, ʻO nā mea hou akuʻo Corrosion-resistant.
332Kōho (En 1.4462 / Uns S31803 E like me) leʻaleʻa i nā kiko'ī e like me lalo Apono a240, A789, a A790 No ka papa, piku, a me nā noi noi.
Ua hana mākou i loko o 332C13 i nā hiʻohiʻona kūikawā e kōkua iāʻoe e noi iā ia e pili pono ana i nā hanaʻenehana.
2. Kinohi
Ua hoʻokōʻo Duplex 332C13 i kāna hana ma waena o kahi chelally maikaʻi:
| Mua | ʻO nā manaʻo maʻamau | Hana |
|---|---|---|
| KālekaʻAʻI (C) | ≤ 0.020% | Hoʻopili i nā mea mālama pono |
| Chromium (Cr) | 21.5-23.5% | Hoʻolako i ka paleʻana o ka corrossion |
| Nickel (I) | 4.5-6.5% | Hoʻopaʻaʻia |
| Mybrideum (Mo) | 2.5-3.5% | E hoʻonui i ka piko a me nā crevice condistance |
| Nitrogen (N) | 0.14-0.20% | Hoʻoikaika i ka ikaika a me ka nānāʻana i ke kū'ē |
| Mang kāne (Mn) | ≤ 2.00% | ʻO nā deoxidation a me nā hana wela |
| Silikino (A) | ≤ 1.00% | Hoʻomaikaʻi i ka paleʻana i ka oxidation ma ke kiʻekiʻe t |
| Phoshorus (P) | ≤ 0.030% | Hoʻopaʻa i ka make |
| Sulfur (S) | ≤ 0.020% | Minorizes Sulfide incussions |
Ka hopena a milktru o ka aneane 50% ferrite a 50% austentes.
Ke hāʻawi nei kēia kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa i ka paʻakikī o nā mea hoʻokūkū Austetitic a me ka chordide styled subcking sticking of ferritic.
Ma ka hoʻohālikelike, ʻO ka helu Duplex maʻamau 2205 (1.4462) e hōʻike ana i kēia chemistry, heaha Loko 2304 Trims moa.
3. Nā Pīkuhi Propertinies
Duplex 332c13 i waho o ka hapanui o Austetitic a me Ferritic Grades i ka ikaika:
| Waiwai | Waiwai maʻamau |
|---|---|
| Ka ikaika (0.2% Kahiki) | 450-550 mpa |
| ʻO ka ikaika hope loa | 650-800 mpa |
| Ewangantion (A₅₀ mm) | ≥ 25% |
| Hālulu (Mau Kanaka Waiwai) | 250-300 HB |
| Modulus olasticity | ~ 210 GPA |
Mahalo i kāna mau kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe e hāʻawi i ka ikaika 304/316 E hanaʻole - e hiki iā ia ke hana i nā'āpana o nā'āpana a me nā mea māmā ma lalo o ka ukana like.
Nui loa, ʻO ka paleʻana o ke kaumaha-strain e waiho i ka linear i nā ukana kiʻekiʻe, kaum a ʻO ka pae kiʻekiʻe-kiʻekiʻe-kiʻekiʻe Kūpono kūpono no nā moku koʻikoʻi, nā hana hana, a me ka papaʻaina.
4. Nā mea pilikino o ka duplex i kahi kila kila 332c13
Ma ka hoʻohuiʻana i kahiʻano haʻahaʻa a me ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a me ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻaʻana a me ka hoʻonuiʻana, Hāʻawiʻo Duplex 332c13 i kahi pākuhi kino kino.
| Waiwai | Waiwai maʻamau |
|---|---|
| Huakai | 7.75-7.85 g / cm³ |
| Modulus olasticity | 200-210 GPA |
| ʻO ka laulā o Poisson | 0.27-0.30 |
| Ka HōʻaʻO Kokua | 15-20 w / m · k 20 ° C |
| ʻO ka mana wela | ~ 460 j / kg · K in 20 ° C |
| Ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka | 12.5-14 × 10 ° / ° C (20-300 ° C) |
| ʻO keʻano o ka uila | 0.5-0.7 μ · · m ma 20 ° C |
| ʻO Magnetic Permeibility (ᵣᵣ) | 1.01-1.05 (Maʻa liʻiliʻi) |
5. Ke kū'ē neiʻo Corrosionion
Duplex 332c13 i nā wahi kūwaho:
- Ke kū'ē kū'ē: Ia Wood (ʻO ka heluʻana i keʻano kūlike) e helu ana i ≥ 30, ʻO ka unuhiʻana i nā pale maikaʻi loa e kū'ē i ka hoʻopiliʻana i ka hoʻopiliʻana.
- Kāleʻa Crenice Corrosioni: ʻO nā Ferrite Ferrite a me Mo-enridhed PHESTe i ka hoʻoukaʻana i ka Crevice Crevice e hoʻouka ana i nā kūlana Scagnant.
- ʻO ke kūleʻaʻana o ke kalaʻana (SCC): ʻO nā mākaʻo Duplex e pale i ka SCC ma nāʻano ambient a kiʻekiʻe (a hiki i ~ 80 ° C) ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o 316l.
Ma nāʻaoʻaoʻaoʻao-ʻaoʻao-ʻaoʻao, 332C13 resists pitting i loko 6% Nacl i 25 ° C i +600 mv vs. AG / Agcl, ʻOiai 316l e wāwahi i lalo +300 mV.
No nā papa hana, nā lāʻau kanu lāʻau, a me nā mea momona a chorede-waiwai, 332C13 hāʻawi i kahi pono kūpono ma luna o nā alloys austenitic maʻamau.
6. Nā lole a me ka ulia
332Ua kākoʻoʻo C13ʻO ka hoʻolālāʻana o ka papa hanaʻelua ka hana anuanu a hana wela, Akā makemakeʻia kona ikaika kiʻekiʻe e koi i nā mea hanaʻole:
- NoMame: Hiki iāʻoe ke lilo, Aloha, a'ōwili 332c13, ʻOiai e pono ai e lawe i kahi o ~ 1.5 × 304. Pono nā mea hoʻolālā e hoʻokaʻawale i ka hōʻemiʻana i kēlā me kēia e pale ai i ka paleʻana.
- Wawahua: ʻO ka hui pūʻana me e hoʻohālikelike ana i ka fulex filler (e.g. ER2209) me ka hoʻomauʻole.
Akā naʻe,, Hiki i ka helu wela wela ke hana i ka brittle brittle Σ-phase i ka haz, No laila e mālama i nā mahana e pili ana i lalo 200 ° C a hoʻohana i nāʻenehana he nui he nui inā pono. - ʻO ka mālamaʻana aku o Host-Wold: He hopena anneal ma 1020-1100 ° C, ukali e rapid quanching, Hoʻihoʻi hou i ka kaulike phase ma hope o ke kaumaha kaumaha.
I nā hihia he nui, Akā naʻe,, ʻO ka post-weld anneatalingʻaʻole pono ia no nā mea i ponoʻole.
E ka hahaiʻana i nā hana hana i hoʻopaʻaʻia a me ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā metala pluler kūpono, Hiki i nā meaʻoi aku ka hana o nā mea pāʻani 332C13 me kaʻole o ka hoʻoili nuiʻana.
7. ʻO ke kū'ēʻana
Duplex 332c13 Mālama i ka hana mechanical e pono ai 300-350 ° C. Ma waho aʻe o kēiaʻano:
- Hiki i ka hoʻopiʻi ferrite ke hāʻule, e hōʻemi ana i ka paʻakikī
- E hoʻonuiʻia nā creep kiʻekiʻe a me ka nui
Ia ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka (~ 13 × 10⁻⁶ / ° C) moe ma waena o Austetitic (~ 16 × 10 ° / ° C) a me ferritic (~ 10 × 10 ° C) Nā Kaumaka, Ke kaupalenaʻana i ke kaumaha i ke kaumaha ma nā huiʻole-metala.
\I nā kālepa wela wela, nā ipu koʻikoʻi, a me ka pīpīʻana me nā ukana cyclic, 332C13 mau hāʻawi i ka hana paʻa me kaʻole o ke kumukūʻai o nā alloys super-duplex.
8. Nā Kūlana a me nā hoʻolālā
Uaʻikeʻiaʻo Duplex 332C13 ma lalo o nā kiko'ī he nui:
- I 1.4462 (Europa)
- Us s31803 / S32205 (USA / AHK A240, A789, A790)
- Iso 11960 No ka paipa
- Mau mdsok mds No nā noi no nā noi
Hāʻawi nā mea hana 332C13 i loko she wallpaper, papaʻi, Bar, huhū, a Ua kalaʻia, pinepine i loko o ka nui o 15 MM Plate Or 12 "Mai ka paipa.
Hōʻoia I 10204 3.1 Oole Astm A967 e hōʻoia i nā pae kiʻekiʻe aʻaeʻia i nā pae ferrite.
9. Nā noi no 332C13
Mahalo i kāna mau waiwai kaulike, 332Nā hale c13 ma waena o nāʻoihana:
- Marine & Of 3Ikeha: Moo arorka, Piping, Nā Vilves, a me ka wela wela e kau ana i ka hana o ke kai.
- Ke kālepaʻana: Nā mea hana, Piping, Nā pahu mālama, a me nā kīwī e hoʻokuʻu ana i nā chrides, suldides, a me nā custictics.
- Pulp & Pepana: Nā'ekedsters, nā hale lole, a me nā laina ukana e hoʻokaʻawale ai i kahi e hiki ai i ka hakakāʻana a me ka hoʻoukaʻana.
- Mana pā'āʻu: ʻO ka pā'ālua, ʻO nā'ōnaehana wai wai, A kākoʻo i ke kākoʻo i nā mea kanu a me nā mea kanu fossil.
- Hewakai: Nā alahaka, ʻO nā kākoʻoʻo Architectute, a ke kūkulu nei i nā wahi hana e koi ai i ka ikaika a me ke kū'ēʻana.
E ke hoʻololiʻana i ka 316l a iʻole 2205 I kēia mau kuleana, 332ʻO C13 Hoʻopaʻa pinepine i nā uku mālama mālama a hoʻonui i ke ola lawelawe.
10. Hoʻohālikelike me nā helu Duplex'ē aʻe
E kau i ka hana 332C13 i ka context, Hoʻohālikelike mākou iā ia e pili ana i nāʻekolu i hoʻohana nuiʻiaʻo Duplex Veels-2205, Loko 2304, a me super-duplex 2507-ma waena o nā'āpana nui nui:
| Waiwai / Kumu | 332Kōho (Us s31803) | 2205 (I 1.4462) | Loko 2304 (I 1.4362) | 2507 (I 1.4410) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chemisstry | Cr 21.5-23.5 Ma 4.5-6.5 Mo 2.5-3.5 N 0.14-0.20 |
Cr 22-23 Ma 4.5-6.5 Mo 3.0 N 0.14-0.20 |
Cr 23 I 4.5 MO - N 0.10 |
Cr 25 I 7.0 Mo 4.0 N 0.30 |
| Wood | ~ 31 | ~ 30-32 | ~ 25 | ≥40 |
| Ka ikaika (Mpa) | 450-550 | ~ 450 | ~ 350 | ~ 620 |
| Ikaika ikaika (Mpa) | 650-800 | 620-680 | ~ 600 | 830-900 |
| Ewangantion (%) | ≥25 | 25-30 | ≥25 | ≥20 |
| Hālulu (HB) | 250-300 | 280-300 | 230-250 | 300-350 |
| Ke kū'ē kū'ē | Kūpono (Wood 31) | Kūpono (Wood 30) | Maikaʻi loa (Wood 25) | Kūlana kūʻokoʻa (Wood ≥40) |
| Kū kū'ē | Kiʻekiʻe loa | Kiʻekiʻe loa | High | Kiʻekiʻe loa |
| Max Serbert Temp. (° C) | 300-350 | 250-300 | 250-300 | 250-300 |
| Wawahua | Maikaʻi loa, kāohiʻia haz | Maikaʻi loa, kāohiʻia haz | Maikaʻi loa | Loli, Σ-phase kahi hopena |
| NoMame | Loli | Loli | Maikaʻi loa | Ilihune |
| Kumukūʻai pili | Kūpono | Kūpono | Hoʻohaʻahaʻa | High |
| Loaʻaʻia | Uaʻoki loaʻia | Uaʻoki loaʻia | Uaʻoki loaʻia | 'Ōula |
Nā Kūleʻa Kil
- Corroson vs. Kālā: 332C13 a 2205 Hāʻawi i nā mea like like a me ke kū'ēʻana i keʻano hoʻohālikelike; Loko 2304 hōʻemi i nāʻike (a me ke kumukuai) me nā hana kālepa modest modest ma pren.
Super-dulex 2507 hoʻokō i ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe (≥40) akā ke kauohaʻana i kahi kumukūʻai kumukūʻai a me nā paʻakikī i nā luʻiʻana i nā pilikia. - ʻO ke kaulike kaulike: Fulex fullet chenalless steel 332c13 a 2205 Kaʻana i ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe (Ys ≈450 mpa, UTs ≈ ≈50-700 mpa), Ma hea kahi Saf 2304ʻO ka ikaika o ka ikaika e noho haʻahaʻa (~ 350/600 mpa), a 2507 alakaʻi i ka pā (~ 620/830 mpa).
No nā hana e koi ai i ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, 2507 'Ākana; no ka hana kaulike a me ka hoʻokele waiwai, 332C13 a iʻole 2205 pinepine pinepine. - Nā noʻonoʻoʻana i nā manaʻo: Loko 2304 hāʻawi i ka mea maʻalahi loa, Ke kūpono nei i nā pono paʻa a me nā huki hohonu.
He ʻokoʻa, 2507 koi aku i ka mana o ka thermal thermal e pale aku ai i ka hoʻokumuʻana i ka hoʻokumuʻana, oiai 332C13 a 2205 hāʻule i waena o. - Thermal & Storctural paʻa: E hana pono nā heluʻehā a pau i ka ~ 300 ° C.
ʻO nā mea hoʻolālā e mālama ana i nā ukana cyclik cyclik, Ke hōʻemi nei i ke kaumaha o ke kaumaha.
11. Loaʻa a me nā palena
Loaʻa
- Ikaika ikaika: ʻO Yeling ~ 2 × 316l e hiki ai i ka mālamalama, Nā'Āina paʻa ikaika.
- Ke kū'ē neiʻo Corrosionion: Wood ≥ 30 kū i ka piko, kāpaʻa, a scc i loko o nā hui chloride.
- Kūlohelohe: Mālama i nā waiwai i 350 ° C me ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka hoʻonui.
- KE LIEPLYCRECREEDS: ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi ma waena o ka mālamaʻana a me ka hoʻololiʻana.
PAHUI
- NoMame: Koi hou i ka ikaika a me nā mea e hoʻopili ai i ka radii iʻoi aku ma mua o nā austeticictics.
- ʻO ka nalowale kiʻekiʻe: Ka hoʻolaha hoʻolaha >350 ° c hiki iā Embrittle Haz.
- ʻO ka paʻakikī paʻakikī: Pono nā mea wela wela i ke kauʻana a me ka post ornel.
- Loaʻaʻia: Emi iki 304/316, Hiki i nā manawa alakaʻi.
12. Hopena
Duplex gelless steeller 332c13 hāʻawi i kahi kaulike kūpono o ka ikaika ikaika, chordide corrosiotion resistion, a wawahua, Ke hana nei i kahi koho GO-e koho no ka noiʻana i ka moana, Kekau, a me nā noi kūpono.
Ma ka hoʻomaopopoʻana Chemisstry, ka hoʻoiliʻana, a nā palena lawelawe, Hiki i nā mīkini ke kuhikuhi i ka 332C13 me ka hilinaʻi, ka hoʻokōʻana, ʻO nā hopena kūpono-maikaʻi loa i nā wahi kūwaho.
E hoʻomau mau nei nāʻoihana i ka hoʻopiliʻana i nā palena hana, ʻO Duplex Grades e like me ka 332C13 e pāʻani i kahi kūlana nui loa ma keʻano maikaʻi a me ke kūpaʻa.
ʻO kēia ʻO ke koho kūpono kūpono no kāu hana hana e pono ai inā makemakeʻoe i ka maikaʻi kiʻekiʻe ʻO nā kila kila fuplex.
