ʻO Duticle hao Sand Canding Services

1. Hōʻikeʻike

ʻO ka mea hao haoʻo Dulele i ke kaʻina hana hana e hoʻohui i nā pono metala, Nāʻatikala Dieticle.

Ka weheweheʻana e like me ka hanaʻana o nā'āpana net-net-net-nex ma ka nininiʻana i ka hao ducile molten, ʻO kēia kaʻina hana hana hana, Kālā, a me ka strilability, hana ia he cornecristy o nāʻoihana mai ka automotive i ka infrastructure.

2. He aha ka hao ductile?

Ui, Uaʻikeʻia e like me ʻO nā mea hao nodular Oole ʻO ka hao kiʻi kiʻi sptherrol (Hao hao), heʻano'āpana o ka hao hao e hōʻike ana i ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, paʻakikī, a me nā umu i hoʻohālikelikeʻia i ka hao hina hina.

ʻO kāna kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi kūʻokoʻa i waihoʻia ma keʻano o kāna kiʻi: spherical nodules Ma kahi o nā flakes koʻikoʻi.

ʻO kēia hopena micstruncture molticstruncture i hoʻomaikaʻi i nā waiwai mechanical, ʻoi aku ma lalo o ka tonsile a me nā hopena hopena.

Kūkuluʻia ma 1943 na Keith Millis, Ua liloʻo Ductile i ka mea i lilo i mea kīwī ma muli o kona hiki ke hoʻohui i nā mea kūʻai aku o ka hao (kaulikeia, ka maʻalahi o ka machining, a kau pale) me nā mea e pili ana i nā mīkini i kokoke i ke kilokilo maikaʻi.

Ka hoʻonohonohoʻana a me ka metallinggy

ʻO keʻano maʻamau o keʻano o ka hao o ka hao ductile:

• KālekaʻAʻI (C): 3.2-3.8%
• Silikino (A): 2.2-2.8%
• Mang kāne (Mn): ≤0.3%
• Magnesum (Mg): 0.03-0.08% (Nodulizing Element)
• Phoshorus (P): ≤0.05%
• Sulfur (S): ≤0.02%
• 'Eron (Lia): Kaulike

Ka hoʻohuiʻana o ka magnium a iʻole cerum i ka wā o ka mālamaʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻololi i ka mode mode (e like me ka hina hina) e nodules, ka mea e hōʻemi ai i nā wahi kūpono.

Nāʻano kuʻina

Ua hoʻoikaika ikaikaʻia ka hana o Ductile hao e konaʻano matrix, e hiki ke hoʻopiliʻia ma o ke alaʻana a me ka hoʻonuiʻana:

• ʻO Ferritic Matrix: Palupalu a me ka ductile, me elongation a hiki i 18%, Kūpono no nā mea i hikiʻole ke kū'ē.
• ʻO ka Matrix pakeke: ʻOi aku ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe (a i 700 Mpa) a kau pale, Hoʻohana pinepineʻia i nā gears a me nā crankshafts.
• Firite-Kailohib: Nā Kūlana Kūlana Kūʻai Kūʻai no nā noiʻenehana maʻamau.
• ʻO Austempeed Ductile hao (Adi): ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka wela wela me ka ikaika o ka'ōpū 1,200 Mpa a me ke ola kino maikaʻi loa.

3. No ke aha e lele ana i ka wai no ka hao drivat?

Sand cread ke koena o ka ʻO ka hana nui loa i hanaʻia no ka hanaʻo Ductile Ma muli o kāna hoʻololi, kumukūʻai-kūpono, a hiki i ka hiki ke hana i kahi ākea ākea o nāʻano a me nā nui.

ʻO ka hui likeʻole o Ductile i loko o ka ikaika, kumaikalua, aʻo ka machinipability e hana ai i kahi mea i makemakeʻia no nāʻoihana likeʻole, a i ka wa e holo pu ana me ke one, Hāʻawi ia i ka hoʻolālā koʻikoʻi a me nā waiwai waiwai.

Kumukūʻai-kūpono a me ka scalability

• Nā uku haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa: Ua hoʻohālikelikeʻia i ka molū mauʻole a iʻole ka hoʻopukapuka kālā, Uaʻoi aku ka nui o ka one, nā mea kūʻai aku liʻiliʻi.
  No nā prototyspes a iʻole ka hana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, Hiki ke kiʻekiʻe ke kumukūʻai kūʻai 30-50%.
• Mea kūponoʻole: Me nā molū 90-95% recyclable, Ua hōʻemiʻia nā mea waiwai, Ke hāʻawi nei i ka hōʻemi nuiʻana.
• Ka hanaʻana i ka leo nui: Ua kūpono keʻano o ke one no ka Nā Pīpī hoʻokahi a E holo ana ka hana nui-ʻOi i ka wā e hoʻohana ai i nā laina molding.

Ka nui a me ke kaupaonaʻana

• ʻO Sand Canding ke kūpono no ka hanaʻana ʻO nā'āpana hao nui o nā'āpana nui, Ke hele mai nei mai kekahi mau kila i nā kiʻi i luna 2000 kg (2 Tons), ka mea e hoʻokūkū ai no ka hoʻopukaʻana i ka hoʻopukapukaʻana a make paha.
• Hiki i ke kaʻina ke hoʻokō i nā'āpana mānoanoa (50 mm a keu paha) a me nā loli nui o ka lehulehu me ka loaʻaʻole o ka nui o nā hemahema e like me nā koloka shlin, hoʻolakoʻia i ke kākoʻo kūpono a me nā mea kū'ē.

Hoʻolālā kūwaho

• Nā geomet paʻakikī: Me ka hoʻohanaʻana o nā cores, intricate interities kūloko (E.g., wai wai wai i loko o nā poloka mīkini) hiki ke hanaʻia.
• Hoʻoponopono i nā'ōmole: Kūponoʻo Green Sand no nā mea maʻamau e like me ke uhiʻanaʻo Manhole, ʻOiai ke hoʻopauʻana i nā wahi o ke kaʻa nā mea kanu lāʻau (± 0.3 mm) No nā'āpana pololei e like me nā mea leʻaleʻa Gear.
• Hoʻololi ka hoʻolālā rapid: Hiki ke hoʻololi maʻalahi nā hiʻohiʻona, ʻO ka nui a me 3D-PRORT i paʻiʻia a iʻole nā ​​hiʻohiʻona, ka hōʻemiʻana i nā manawa alakaʻi e 40-50% ua hoʻohālikelikeʻia i nā mea hana paʻa mau.

Palapala Hoʻolālā Kālā

• Hāʻawiʻo Sand Canding ʻO nā uku hoʻomehana haʻahaʻa Ma muli o ka hana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ke one (~ 0.2-0.5 w / m · k), e hiki ai i nā mea no ka hoʻonohonohoʻana i keʻano nodule.
• ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau Metallirgical: ʻO Magnesium Nodulinalization a me ka hoʻopiliʻana i nā pale wela wela (Annalile, huhū) hiki ke hoʻopiliʻia i loko o ke kaʻina hana e hoʻokō ai i nā mea i manaʻoʻia e like me:

• • Ikaika ikaika: a hiki i 600-700 mpa
  • Ewangantion: 10-18% (Nā helu Ferritic)

ʻO ka mākeke a me ka noi noi

• ʻO Sand Canding o nā mea haoʻo Ducte Burt e like me aitompetitive (Nā poloka mīkini, lihao), NA KAHIKI (nā holohaʻana), a me ka infrastructure (Nā Vilves, pipet complees).
• Wahi a Nā hōʻikeʻike honua honua, luna 60% ʻO nā mea hao hao hao nā mea hao, ʻO ka laweʻana i kāna hoʻoponopono no nā'āpana nui a me nā'āpana nui.

4. Keʻano o ke kaʻina o ke kaʻa kaʻa ducle

ʻO ka mokuahi hao wai ducle i ka hanaʻana i ka neʻeʻana o ke kaʻa o ke kaʻa o ke aniani me ka nui o nā'āpana metallirgical e hana i nā'āpana me ka ikaika, kumaikalua, a me ka.

ʻO ka hoʻomākaukau a me ka hoʻomākaukauʻana

Kumukaha Kahuna

• Mea waiwai & Shrinkage: Hoʻopiliʻia nā hiʻohiʻona mai ka lāʻau, pale kala, a iʻole-ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana a me nā mea hana a Aluminim.
  Nāʻike hao hao 3-5% shrik shrik Ma ka hōʻoia, No laila e hoʻopili ana nā hiʻohiʻona a 1-3% Oversize ʻaeʻia e hoʻokō i nā dimensions net.
• Rapid prototyping: No nā'āpana prototype, stereolithography a iʻole nā ​​mea i hoʻopiliʻia i nā mea i hoʻopiliʻia e nā mea paʻi kiʻi 3D i paʻiʻia e kū i nā manawa e alakaʻi ai i nā manawa 50%, e hiki ai i nā mea hoʻolālā i nā lā ma mua o nā pule.

Kaumaka

• ʻO nā'ōlapa o ke aniani

• • Ka Hoʻolālā: ~ 90% Silica Silver, 5% clay clay, a me 3-5% wai.
  • Nāʻano hiʻohiʻona: Uku haʻahaʻa a me ka recyclable nui (a i 90% Sand Reclamation).
  • Noi: Kūpono no nā meaʻole a iʻole nā'āpana nui (E.g., uhi kuikahi, Nā Hale Hōʻikeʻike).

• Resin-boned ("ʻAʻohe bike") Nā Mold

• • Ka Hoʻolālā: Ua huiʻiaʻo Silica Green me 1-3% Phenolic a iʻole Furan Binder a me kahi Catalyst.
  • TOLECE: Hoʻokō ± 0.3 mm ʻO ka pololei o ka dimensional a me ka wikiwiki.
  • Noi: Nā'āpana pololei e koi ai i nā mea e pili ana i nā leʻaleʻa, ʻO nā'ōpū o ka hydraulic.

Hana Hihi

• Nā lua kūloko: Nā Kūleʻa Kūʻai, i hoʻopaʻaʻia me ka resin a ho'ōlaʻia ma keʻano ambied, E hana i nā hiʻohiʻona o loko e like me ka mīkini poloka i ka wai wai wai wai a iʻole nā ​​wahiʻailaʻaila.
• Nā kihiʻihi & Kākoʻo: Hoʻohuiʻiaʻo CoresDoprate 1-2 ° draft a me nā kiʻi metallic a iʻole nā ​​mea paʻi kiʻi e pale ai i ka hoʻololiʻana i lalo o ke kaomi metala.

Melting a me nodulization

Hoʻomālamalama

• ʻAno furnace: Hāʻawi i nā Fuluces i nā manawa kūpono i ka mana ma waena 1400-1500 ° C a hiki ke hoʻokō i nā hoʻoponopono i nā hui e loaʻa ana 60-80% recycled ductile iron scrap.
  Mālama i nā hana hana hou 95% o nā mea aloha wahine wahine i nā maʻi i hoʻohuliʻia.

Nodulization

• Mg a iʻole ce hoʻohui: A 0.03-0.08 wt.%, Magnesum (ma o mg-ferrosilicon alloy) a iʻole e hoʻopiliʻia ka cerium i ka metlt e hoʻohuli i nā flakes kiʻi kiʻi i loko o nā nodular notuctical no ka lōʻihi.
• ʻO ka nānāʻana i nā haumia: Oia aku 0.04 wt.% sulfur a iʻole trace oxygen hiki ke "idul" nodulization, e hoʻohuli ana i nā nodules i nā flakes, He mea nui aʻo ka haunaele o ka nui a me ka paleʻana o ka hanaʻana a me ka paila methylargy.

Inoculation

• ʻO ka mālamaʻanaʻo Fiersosinion: Hoʻohui 0.2-0.5 wt.% Forsrosilicon koke koke ma hope o Nodulizer e hōʻoia i ka helu nodule (Kākoʻo >80 nodules / mm²) a pale i ka chill (makemakeʻoleʻia a iʻole cementite).
• Kahi kikowaena: Hoʻoponopono i ka Silipon a me ka weheʻana i ka heluʻana i ka helu o ka mea i makemakeʻiaʻo Ferrite, ka ikaika. kumaikalua.

Ka nininiʻana a me ka hoʻoponopono

E ninini ana

• Keka ao & Holo: Ua hoʻopaʻaʻiaʻo Melt ma 1300-1350 ° C. ʻO kahi'ōnaehana hoʻonohonoho maikaʻiʻana i hoʻolālāʻia e nā'āpana 0.5-2 kg / s, ka liʻiliʻiʻana i ka turbulence e hiki ke hoʻokomo i nā milita a iʻole ka ea.
• Hoʻolālā hoʻolālā: Hoʻopiliʻia nā pihi ma lalo a iʻole ke heleʻana me nā mea holo kaʻa a me nā mea holo kaʻa e hoʻopau i ka laminar e hoʻopiha ai i nā kiʻi anuanu a me nā kiʻi oxide.

Kūpuia

• Ka HōʻaʻO Kokua: Moll moll condontivity o 0.2-0.5 w / m · k e hoʻolōʻihi, ke hoʻolaha nei i ka uluʻana o nā lole nodiform.
• Wa & Hānai: Nā'āpana liʻiliʻi e paʻa i loko 10-20 mau minuke, ʻOiai e koi paha nā'āpana nui a i 60 MAKANAKAI.
  Kahi kūpono kūpono o nā mea kaua a me nā chills e hānai ana i ka shriknicage a me nā mea e kāohi ai i ke ala e pale aku ai i loko.

ʻO Shakeout a me ka hoʻopauʻana

Ka Haakauaoha

• Hoʻopau: ʻO nā'ōnaehana shakeout shakeout e wāwahi i ke kahe o ke or, me nā cores resin-boned i laweʻia ma o ka wai-jet a iʻole ka pneumatic knockotic.

ʻO ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe

• Pana pua: Freasive blasting (ʻO nā bead a iʻole nā ​​kila kila) Hoʻopau i ke koena o ke koena a me ke kāʻei, ka hāʻawiʻana i kahi hopena maʻamau RA 12.5-25 μM.

ʻO nā lāʻau wela wela

1. Annalile:850-900 ° C no 2 Nā hola hola, i ukaliʻia e ka hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻana i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻana i ka matrix no ka manier e maʻalahi ai, hoʻemi i nāʻokiʻoki a me nā mea hana.
2. Huhū:500-550 ° C no 1-2 mau hola hoʻonui i ka ikaika o ka ikaika (a i 600 Mpa I nā helu hou) a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka paleʻana o ka hopena i nā noi kiʻekiʻe no nā noi kiʻekiʻe e like me nā kāne a me nā crankshafts.

5. Nā waiwai o nā hale hao hao ducle

Nā Palapala Kūmole Baseneline (ʻO Astm Assm A536 mau helu)

Nā helu kiko'ī; nā hopena kūpono e hilinaʻi ma luna o ka chemistry, 'āpana liʻiliʻi, Kaila, 'aʻoleiai, a me nā wela wela.

Hopena paʻakikī & ʻO keʻano hana (Astm e23 / E399)

• Chary v-notch (Cvn):

• • Nā helu Ferritic: maki 15-30 j (T).
  • ʻO Ferritic-Pearlitic: 8-20 j.
  • Kahi Kīwī: 5-12 J.
  • Adi: 30-100 J, Ke hilinaʻi nei i ka puka makani Austempering.

• ʻO ka paʻakikī (K_IC): ~40-90 MPA√M no ka domi maʻamau; ʻO ADI Varies ākea akā hiki ke hoʻokūkū me nā mea haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.
• ʻO ka lawelawe haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa: E wehewehe i ka CVN ma ka mahana o kaʻoihana liʻiliʻi (E.g., -20 ° C) No nā'āpana palekana (Nā Vilves, nā'āpana ikaika).

ʻO ka pilikia momona (Asts e466 / E739 / E647)

• ʻO ka palena momona kiʻekiʻe (R = -1): ≈ 35-55% o nā usts No nā māka mau puaʻa ferritic-pearlitic (E.g., 160-250 MPA no A 450 MPA UT OTS).
• Adi Hiki i nā māka ke hōʻea nā palena momona o 300-500 mpa.
• Ulu ulu (da / dn, Astm e647): ʻO ka nui o nā kīkī a me Adi Grands Exhibit e hoʻolōʻihi i ka uluʻana i ka uluʻana i ka ΔK, akā,ʻo Ferritic Budes Bad Creck hoʻomaka maikaʻi ma muli o ka lōʻihi kiʻekiʻe.
• Hoʻohui E hoʻopau i kaʻeha a me ke kaumaha I nā SPECIGUER SPESS; E like me ka lā--shan ra 12-25 μm nā papahele e hōʻemi i ke ola kaumaha e >20% vs Macined / Shot.

Hālulu & ʻAʻa (Astm e10 / E18)

• Mau Kanaka Waiwai (Hbw): ʻO ka hoʻokele mana mua; ʻO nā Correlat e pili ana i nā usts (Mpa) ≈ 3.45 × HB HB No nā mea he nui.
• RESESSE:

• • Ferritic: 130-180 HB
  • ʻO Ferritic-Pearlitic: 160-230 hb
  • Kahi Kīwī: 200-300 HB
  • Adi: 250-450 hb

• E kāʻei i ka ho'āʻo: Pin-on-disk a iʻole astm g65 (Hoʻokomoʻia ka lole) hiki ke hoʻohanaʻia no nā'āpana koʻikoʻi (E.g., Pumps, Kauluhi). ʻO ADI pinepine pinepine i nā hana maʻamau i loko o nā hale kūʻai ikaika-ikaika.

Thermal & Nā Pūnaewele Pūnaewele

• Ka HōʻaʻO Kokua: ~25-36 w / m · k (haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka hao hina ma muli o ka nodular, ʻaʻole flake, mooki).
• Ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka (Cte): ~10-12 × 10 ° / ° C (20-300 ° C RIG).
• Ka hiki: ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o nā kila, haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka hina hina hina Nvh (kāmaʻaʻili, viguration, Aʻo kaʻeha) E kāohi i loko o nā wahi kaʻa a me nā'āpana mīkini.
• ʻO keʻano o ka uila: ~0.8-1.1 μ · · m, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ke kila (maikaʻi no kekahi mau manaʻo hoʻokele EMI / Thermal).

ʻO ka paʻakikī & Ulu ulu

• ʻO ka paʻakikī (K_IC): ~40-90 MPA√M No nā māka mau puaʻa ferritic-pearlitic; Hoʻololiʻo ADI me ka morphology Ausferitic akā hiki ke hoʻokūkū me nā mea haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.
• ʻO ka momona o ka momona (da / dn): Haʻahaʻa ma nā kāleka ferritic ma kahi i hāʻawiʻia i ka ΔK ma muli o ka desctility, akā,ʻoi aku ka nui o ka nui o nā kīwī kiʻekiʻe / Adi grades i ka hoʻomakaʻana i ka crack crack i ka hoʻomakaʻana ma keʻano kiʻekiʻe.

Kuupuiawi & Kūlike loa ka helehelena

• Genenation Corrison: E like me nā mea pāʻani haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i nā wahi he nui; Nā pāpale, Nā'ōnaehana paʻi, a iʻole nā ​​lāʻau lapaʻau (E.g., phoPshanging, nitriding no ka lole) ua noi pinepineʻia.
• Palapala Kahiko: Hiki i nā wahi e kū'ē ai i ka wā e kū pono ai nā matrix Corrodent, e haʻalele ana i ka hoʻolālā kiʻi kiʻi-hoʻolālā a me ka pale e noʻonoʻo pono i nā kūlana lawelawe.

6. Hoʻolālā no ka mea hanaʻana o ka mokua hao ma ke poʻo hao

Hoʻolālā no ka mea hana hana (Dfm) Ma Ductal Head Sanding Canding Esims e hoʻopau i nā koi o ka Enginement, Kālā, a me ka hana e kūpono i ka wā e hōʻemi ana i nā hemahema.

Pono ka hoʻolālā e noʻonoʻo i ka hana kūlike o ka mea hoʻoponopono kūʻokoʻa o ka hao ductile, ʻO kāna mau hiʻohiʻona shrink, Aʻo ke one e hoʻolei ana i nā kūlana hana.

Nā Kūlana Kūʻai Kūʻai Nui

• ʻO ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa: Maki 4-6 mm no ka mea hao ductic ma muli o konaʻano lohi i hoʻohālikelikeʻia i ka alumini; ʻO nā pā pōhaku o nā pā hewa a iʻole ka hoʻopiha pihaʻana.
• Nā'āpana pā papa: Hōʻalo i nā hoʻololi koi; E hoʻohana i nā hoʻololi wikiwiki a iʻole nā ​​kiʻi (R ≥ 3-5 mm) e hōʻemi i ke kaumaha a me ka hōʻemiʻana i nā wahi wela e hiki ai ke alakaʻi i ka pohō.
• Rabbing & Nā'Ōlii: I ka hikiʻoleʻana o nā'āpana'āpana, Hiki ke hoʻohuiʻia nā ribs e mālama i ka ikaika o ka hoʻonohonohoʻana a me ka maʻalahi o ke kauʻana.

Nā kihiʻihi a me nā'āpana geometry

• Nā kihiʻihi:1° -2 ° no nā papa'āina I nā lehena o nā'ōmaʻomaʻo; a i 3° -5 ° No keʻano resin-branded e hoʻoikaika i ka haʻaleleʻana i keʻano.
• ʻO ka pākuʻuʻo Filled: Hoʻemi i nā mea hoʻopiʻi i nā pilikia kaumaha a pale i ka wela wela. Hōʻalo i nā kihi i loko o nā kihi (Kauoha R ≥ 2-5 mm).
• Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā hiʻohiʻona paʻakikī: Hoʻohana Hoʻolālāʻiaʻo ke kāʻei No nā'āpana a iʻole nā'āpana hola; Hōʻalo i ka paʻakikīʻole e hoʻonui i ka uku o nā mea hana.

ʻO nā'āpana shrinkage

• ʻO ka helu shrink: Duticle hao hao ma kahi kokoke 3-5% I ka wā hoʻoponopono.
• Hoʻolālā kūpono: Pono e hoʻopili nā hiʻohiʻona 1-3% shlanchezage, Ke hilinaʻi nei i nā'āpana'āpana a me nā uku hoʻomaha hoʻomaha.
• Nā malihini a me nā mea hānai: ʻO ka wahi kūpono a me ka nui o nā alaloa he mea pono ke uku no ka hoʻopiʻiʻana no ka shlancage a pale i ka pososity kūloko.

Gating a me nā hoʻolālā kū'ē

• Hoʻolālā hoʻolālā: ʻO ka pīhoihoi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e hōʻemi i nā mea e hōʻemi ai i ka hoʻemiʻana o ka oxidation a me ka magnesium fode. E hoʻohana i nā kikowaena kikowaena a iʻole nāʻaoʻao i nā'ōnaehana pāʻani.
• Choke wahi a me ke kahe: Hoʻolālā i nā wahi hana e mālama ai 0.5-2 kg / s Nā Kūlana Holo, Ke pale nei i nā'ōwili maloʻo a iʻole ke komoʻana i ka ea.
• Ke kū'ēʻana: E lilo nā exothermic a me nā chills e mālama i ka hoʻoponoponoʻana a hōʻoia i ka hōʻoiaʻana i ke ala.

Nā manaʻo noʻonoʻoʻole

• ʻO nā lāʻau maikaʻi a me nā meaʻona: Ke komo pono, Keila, a he kumu nui ka molld.
• Nā kuhi hewa a me nā mea anu: E hōʻoia i ka nui o ka mahana (1300-1350 ° C) a me nā wahi kīʻole wikiwiki.
• Nā waimaka wela a me nā pale: E kāohi i nā Guidal Guives me nā chulls a iʻole ka hoʻolālāʻana i hoʻolālāʻia.
• Machina: Maki 2-4 mm o per, Ke hilinaʻi nei i ka wā kūpono.

7. ʻO ke kumukūʻai kumukūʻai o ka ductal hao cand canding

ʻO ke kumukūʻai kumukūʻai o ka duple hao i ka mea e hoʻopili ai i ka mea e pili ana i ka loiloi nā mea waiwai, hoao, ka manawa hana, a Nā helu scrap, Me ka hoʻohālikelikeʻana i nāʻoihana holoʻokoʻa i nā kaʻina hana kūʻai aku.

Ua noʻonoʻo pinepineʻo Dulet i ka wai hao hao i kahi hopena kūpono e koi ai i nā'āpana waiwai no nā'āpana nui e koi ana i kahi kaulike o ka ikaika, durability, a me ka machindability.

Nā kumu waiwai a me nā kumukūʻai

• 'Āpana hao: Hana pinepineʻia mai ka 60-80% recycled scrap (Kukui Kekuhi, Hoʻihoʻiʻo Duticle Head), e hōʻemi ana i nā kumukūʻai waiwai e 20-30% hoʻohālikelikeʻia i ka hao momona.
• Nodulizers: Ua hoʻohuiʻia nā magnesium a iʻole ka magnesitium-ferrosilicon alloys (0.03-0.08%) e hoʻokō i ka ductility.
  ʻOiai ke kiʻekiʻe o nā kumukūʻai magnesium, ʻO ka hoʻohuiʻia (≈ $10-20 no ka ton o ka hao).
• Inoclalants: FerrosLILICON (0.2-0.5%) hoʻohui i kekahi $3-5 no ka ton.
• ʻO ka uku o ka waiwai: No kahi mea kūʻai aku 1-ton, ʻO nā huahana Raw no ka waihona 30-40% o ka uku holoʻokoʻa, ʻO ka hoʻohālikelikeʻana i ka papa (E.g., ferritic vs. ʻO ka hao ma ke kino).

Nā mea hana a me ka hoʻomākaukauʻana

• Nā pāpale:

• • Nā hiʻohiʻona lāʻau: Uku haʻahaʻa (~ $1,000-2,000 No nā'āpana likeʻole), Akā i ka manawa palenaʻole.
  • Alumini a iʻole nā ​​hiʻohiʻona kila: ʻOi aku ka nui o nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe (~ $5,000-15,000).
  • 3Nā hiʻohiʻona D-PRCHED: Hoʻemi i ka manawa alakaʻi ma 30-50%, Kālā $500-3,000 Ke hilinaʻi nei i ka paʻakikī.

• Nā pahu Coore: E hoʻohui i nā kumukūʻai hana hou no ka hollow a paʻakikī paha.
• Hiki i nā ADOTEROTORATIBIZABIzation hiki ke hoʻolaha i nā helu hana; No ka holoʻana o ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, Hiki i ke kumukūʻai ke kūʻai aku i kēlā me kēia'āpana e hāʻule i lalo $1-5.

Ka loaʻaʻana o ka hana a me nā uku hana

• Manawa manawa: Duclet hao i ke kapa o ke kai o ke kahe ana 2 i 24 Nā hola hola, Ke hilinaʻi nei ma ka hoʻomākaukauʻana ma Mold, E ninini ana, a me ka mālie.
• Hana: Nā Kūlana Kūʻai no 20-30% o ke kumukūʻai nui, komo me ka hoʻomākaukauʻana, E ninini ana, Ka Haakauaoha, Aʻo ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe.
• Hua: ʻO ka heluʻana o ka heluʻana 60-80%, me nā mea holo a me nā mea hoʻokūkū e hoʻohui ana i ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka hana metal.

Scrap a me nā uku hana

• KAHIKAI: ʻO ka nui o ka wai hao wai maʻamau 2-5%, Akā hiki i kaʻoihana hana maikaʻi ke hoʻonui i kēia.
• Nā kumu kūʻai: Hiki ke hoʻomanaʻoʻia ka metala scrap, akā he ikaika a me nā hana hou (recycling effiency ~ 95% o nā waiwai waiwai mua).

8. Nā noi o ka wai hao hao

Ua hoʻohana nuiʻiaʻo Dulet i ka wai hao ma waena o nāʻoihana he nui ma muli o kāna hui me ka ikaika, paʻakikī, E kāʻei i ke kū'ē, a me ke kumukūʻai-kūpono.

Hiki i kona hiki ke hoʻokō i nā geomex paʻakikī ma o ka mālamaʻana i ka sanding i ka wā e mālama ai i nā waiwai mechanical maikaʻi loa i makemakeʻia e nā mea koho nui.

Ka Hoʻolālā Wīwī

• Na'Āpana Engine: Lihao, pākuʻi nā mea kūʻai, Nā poʻo cylinder, exhaust inifolds, a me nā poloka mīkini.
• Hoʻopau a hoʻokele: ʻO nā alakaʻi alakaʻi, ʻO nā lima lima, hums, a me nā brackets.
• Nā'āpana hoʻoili: Nā holohaʻana, mau hola kahekū, a me nā'āpana cluch.

ʻO nā noi infrastructure a me nā noi

• Wai a me nā'ōnaehana: Pipet complees, Nā Vilves, Nā Hydrants, a me nā flanges.
• ʻO ke kālena manhole a me nā kiʻi: ʻO ka paʻakikī o ka ductile hao e hōʻoia i ke ola lōʻihi ma lalo o nā ukana nui.

Nā mīkini kaumaha a me nā mea hanaʻoihana

• Pump a me nā mea hou aku: ʻO ka nui o ka nui o ka hao o ka hao a me ka ikaika o ka paona.
• Nā kāne a me ka laweʻana i nā mea hou: ʻO ka pale lole kiʻekiʻe a me ke kapa kiʻi maikaʻi loa e hōʻemi ai i nā uku a me nā uku mālama.
• Nā'āpana Hydraulic: Picsons, nā kino valve, a me nā'āpana cylinder, e pono ai i ka paʻakikī a me ka mancinability.

Kaʻohana a me ka mana

• ʻO nā'āpanaʻo Turbine: ʻO Hub swengs, nā holohaʻana, a ke kākoʻo nei i nā kākoʻo.
• Pono & Nā lako hana: Nā lālā weatheat, Nā kino kino, a me nā hale kūʻai valve kahi e kaomi ai a me ka pīhoihoi o ka mīkini.
• ʻOihana kaulike uila uila uila: Nā Hana Hana, Nā Palapala Kūʻai, a me nā mea hana hana.

Nā mea hana a me nā mea hana kūkulu

• Tractor a me nā'āpanaʻona: Hums, Nā Mālama Acen, mau mea pale, a me nā keikiʻo Gearbox.
• Nā Hana Hoʻomoe a me nā lako hana: Nā'āpana e like me nā kāmaʻa mele, Kākau, a me nā mea i loaʻa i nā lima lima mai ka pale o ka mea i loko o ka abcutinion a me ka hopena maikaʻiʻole.

Nā noi'ē aʻe'ē aʻe

• Railway a me Marine: Nā'āpana pale, Nā Koho Pūnaewele, huakai, a me nā haleʻo Marine Pump.
• Reflan: ʻO nā'āpana kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa a me nā mea kaumaha nui, kahi e koiʻia ai ka paʻakikī a me ka manina.
• Nā pono hana hana a me nā waihona: Nā kumu hana mīkini, He wahi moe, a me nā'āpana pololei ma muli o ka nui o ka paleʻana o Ductile.

9. Hoʻohālikelike me nā hana kūʻai'ē aʻe

10. Hopena

Hoʻokomoʻiaʻo Dulet hao i ke kapa o ke kapa o ka hoʻokele waiwai me ka pale paʻa ma luna o ka metallirgy e hāʻawi i nā'āpana e hāʻawi i ka ikaika, ʻO ka manikini o ka hao, a me ke ola kino maikaʻi loa.

Ma ka hoʻomaopopoʻana i ka weheweheʻana i ka hoʻolālāʻana, Melt chemistry, Kūpuia, a hoʻopau, Hiki i nā mea hana ke hana i ka hilinaʻi, nā'āpana kūpono-kūpono no ka automotive, hewakai, a me nā noi nui-ʻano.

E like me nā innovations i ka simulation, mea hana hoʻohui, a me ke kaʻina hana maʻalahi, E hoʻomau mau ka laweʻana i ka wai hao hao e lawelaweʻia e like me ka hana hana ma Vertitile ma nā hana hou.

Hāʻawi kēia i nā lawelawe hana ducile drival

A ʻO kēia, Mālama mākou i ka hāʻawiʻana i nā mea hao nui-hana kiʻekiʻe e hoʻohana ana i kahiʻano o nāʻenehana hana hou.

Inā noi kāu papahana i ka wikiwiki o 'ōmaʻomaʻo lā, ka laha o Nā Wīwī Oole Kāhaka kūʻai kūʻai, ka ikaika a me ka ikaika o Palapala metala (mau loa) Kauhi, a iʻole ke kūpaʻa a me ka maʻemaʻe i hāʻawiʻia e Kesighu a nalowale ka hae hae,

ʻO kēia Loaʻa i ka loea loea a me ka hana hana e hoʻokō ai i kāu mau kiko'ī pololei.

Ua hoʻolakoʻia kā mākou hale hana e lawelawe i nā mea āpau mai ka hoʻolālā prototype i ka hana kiʻekiʻe, kākoʻoʻia e Rigorous honua mālamalama, Nā Kūlana Kūʻai, a kaʻike metallirgical.

Mai ʻO nā'āpana kaʻa a me nā'āpana ikaika i infrastructure a me nā mīkini kaumaha, ʻO kēia hoʻopakele i nā hopena hana maʻamau e hoʻohui pū me ka maikaʻi maikaʻi, dimensional pololei, a me ka hana lōʻihi.

Kāhea iā mā˚ou!

FaqS

He aha ka dule hao wai?

ʻO ka mea hao haoʻo Dulet i kahi kaʻina hana hana e hana ana i kahi hao molled, kumaikalua, a kau pale.

ʻO ke kiʻi i loko o nā'āpana hao ductive i kapaʻia he nodules, ʻAʻole like me nā mea i loko o ka hina hina, hopena i nā waiwai mecharinical.

He aha ka mea e hoʻokaʻawale ai i ka hao ductile mai ka hina hina?

ʻO kaʻokoʻa nui ka ʻano o ke kiʻi. Ma ka hao ductile, Hōʻikeʻia ke kiʻi i nā nodules, ka mea e hōʻemi ai i keʻano o ka hoʻokaumaha a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ikaika, ewangantion, a hopena i ka paʻakikī.

ʻo kahi laʻana, hiki i ka hao hao ke hoʻokō elongation up 18% hoʻohālikelikeʻia i ka hina hina <2%.

No ke aha e hoʻohana aiʻo Sand i ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka hao ductile?

ʻO ke kūʻaiʻanaʻo Sand Canding ke kumukūʻai-maikaʻi no nā'āpana lehulehu, E hoʻokipa i nāʻano paʻakikī e hoʻohana ana i nā cores, a hiki i ka hana i nā mea lawe aku i kaupaona mai kekahi mau kila i kekahi mau kiʻi.

He kūpono no ka automotive, NA KAHIKI, a me nā'āpana infrastructure kahi kahi o ka ikaika a me ka loaʻaʻana o ka ikaika.

He aha ka mea maikaʻi loa no ke kauʻana o ke one?

Nā mea maʻamau no ke kauʻana o ke one e pili ana i nā metala ferous e like me nā mea hao ductile, Iron Roil, ʻaihue kīwī, a me nā metala non-ferous e like me ka alumini a me ka bronze.

ʻO ke koho maikaʻi loa e pili ana i nā koina o nā noi a ka noi a me ke kumu kūʻai.