ʻO ka pane pōkole: ʻAʻole ʻeleʻele ka titanium ma ke ʻano o ka hao a me ke kila. ʻO ka Rust kahi ʻano kikoʻī o ka hao oxide e hoʻopilikia i nā metala i loko o ka hao.
He ʻokoʻa ke ʻano o ka Titanium. ʻAʻole kū i ka corrosion no ka mea, hana maoli ia i kahi lahilahi, kiʻiʻoniʻoni oxide paʻa ma kona ʻili, a ke pale nei kēia kiʻiʻoniʻoni i ka metala lalo mai ka hoʻouka hou ʻana ma nā wahi he nui.
ʻŌlelo kēlā, ʻAʻole "immune" ka titanium i ka ʻino a i ʻole ka hōʻino ʻana o ka ʻili.
Ma lalo o kekahi mau kūlana, hiki ke loaʻa i ka hoʻouka kūloko, haʻalele, hydrogen embrittlement, a i ʻole ka pōʻino pili i ke koʻikoʻi.
No laila ka pane pololei loa: ʻAʻole e holo ka Titanium, akā hiki ke ʻino a hoʻohaʻahaʻa paha ma lalo o nā kūlana lawelawe koʻikoʻi a kūpono ʻole paha.
E hoʻomaopopo i ke kumu, pono mākou e nānā i ka chemistry a me ka ʻenekinia loina ma hope o ke ʻano o ka titanium.
1. He aha ka Rust maoli?
ʻAʻole ʻo Rust kahi huaʻōlelo maʻamau no nā ʻino a pau. Ma ka ʻenehana waiwai, ʻO ka rust ka mea maʻamau i nā huahana ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula e hana ʻia i ka wā 'Eron hana me ka oxygen a me ka makū.
Hoʻopuka kēia kaʻina i nā hao hao a me nā hydroxides, he porous a paa ole.
No ka mea, ʻaʻole pale ka papa corrosion, hiki ke hoʻomau ka oxygen a me ka wai i ka metala lalo, no laila e laha mau ana ka palaha.
ʻO ia ke kumu e hiki ai i ke kila ke ʻele hohonu a holomua. ʻAʻole hana ka huahana corrosion i kahi pale pale ikaika.
ʻOkoʻa ka Titanium. ʻAʻole ia he metala hao, no laila, ʻaʻole ia e hana i ka pala ma ke ʻano maʻamau.
', e ulu ana he lahilahi loa, ʻāpana paʻa o ka titanium oxide, nui Tiio, he kupaa a pili. ʻO kēia papa ke kumu e hana maikaʻi ai ka titanium i nā kaiapuni koʻikoʻi.
2. No ke aha e pale ai ka Titanium i ka Rus a me ka ʻino
TitaniumʻO ke kūpaʻa corrosion kūʻokoʻa kekahi o nā kumu nui i hoʻohana ʻia i ka aerospace, Marine, Ke kālepaʻana, mea ola kino, a me nā ʻōnaehana ʻoihana kiʻekiʻe.
ʻO ka mea nui ʻaʻole hilinaʻi ka titanium i nā uhi, Nā pena, a i ʻole ka pale o waho e kūʻē i ka ʻino e like me ka hana ʻana o nā metala he nui.
', pale ʻo ia iā ia iho ma o kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni kūlohelohe maoli. He lahilahi kēlā kiʻiʻoniʻoni, Kūkai, pili ikaika, a hiki ke hoʻoponopono iā ia iho i nā wahi he nui.
ʻO ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni pasif ka pale mua o ka titanium
Ke ʻike ʻia ka titanium i ka oxygen, ʻoiai pōkole, ʻaneʻane hiki koke a hana i kahi papa microscopic o ka titanium oxide, mua Tiio, ma kona ili. Kapa ʻia kēia hana hoʻolauna.
ʻO kēia ʻāpana oxide ke kumu o ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion o ka titanium no ka mea he mea pale ia ma waena o ka metala a me ke kaiapuni a puni.. Ke hoʻokumu ʻia, ʻo ia:
- huakai, no laila ke pale nei ia i ke komo hou ʻana o ka wai a me ka oxygen,
- haohao, no laila ua paʻa paʻa i ka metala kumu,
- Kūkai, no laila ʻaʻole ia e paʻi maʻalahi,
- pale kemika, no laila ke keʻakeʻa nei i ka hoʻomau ʻana.
ʻAʻole like me ka papa ʻōpala i hana ʻia ma ka hao, ʻAʻole porous a luku ʻia ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni o titanium. He mea pale. ʻO kēlā ʻokoʻa hoʻokahi e wehewehe i ka hapa nui o ka hana corrosion o titanium.
Mālama ʻia ka Titanium e ka hana hoʻōla ponoʻī
ʻO kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi o ka titanium, ʻo ia ka hiki ke hoʻololi pinepine i kāna kiʻiʻoniʻoni passive inā ʻoki ʻia a i ʻole nā mekanika..
Inā hoʻihoʻi ʻia ka ʻili i hōʻike ʻia i loko o kahi kaiapuni i loaʻa ka oxygen, hoʻomaka koke ka hana ʻana o kahi papa oxide hou.
He mea koʻikoʻi kēia mana hoʻōla ponoʻī i ka lawelawe ʻenekinia maoli no ka mea ʻaʻole paʻa mau ʻia nā ʻāpana titanium. Hiki iā lākou ke ʻike:
- abrasion liʻiliʻi,
- lawelawe ʻana i nā ʻōpala,
- ʻaʻahu hoʻoheheʻe ʻia,
- hoʻomaʻemaʻe cycles,
- a i ʻole ka pōʻino ili kūloko i ka wā e hui ai.
I nā hihia he nui, ʻO ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni oxide e hoʻoponopono wikiwiki iā ia iho e mālama i ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion.
ʻOi aku ka ikaika o ka titanium ma mua o nā metala e hilinaʻi ana i kahi ʻōnaehana pale a pena, kahi e hiki ai i kahi ʻōpala hoʻokahi ke hōʻike i ka metala ʻole a hoʻoulu i ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka corrosion.
ʻO ke kūpaʻa ʻino o Titanium mai ka thermodynamic stability
Mai kahi hiʻohiʻona ʻepekema material, makemake nui ka titanium e hana i ka oxide paʻa.
I ka manawa e puka ai ka oxide, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka noho ʻana ma lalo o nā kūlana lawelawe he nui.
ʻO ia ke ʻano o ka "makemake" o ka metala e noho i kona kūlana passive ma mua o ka hoʻomau ʻana i ka hana ʻino me ke kaiapuni..
He ʻokoʻa koʻikoʻi kēia. ʻAʻole kūpaʻa ka Titanium no ka mea paʻakikī a ikaika paha.
Kū'ē ia i ka ʻinoʻino no ka mea ke hele nei kona kemika ili i kahi paʻa, pale kaulike. I nā'ōlelo'ē aʻe, hana kemika i kona makemake.
He lahilahi ka papa oxide, akā maikaʻi loa
ʻO ke kiʻi oxide ma ka titanium he hapa liʻiliʻi loa ia o ka millimeter mānoanoa, akā, hana ia i kahi hana ʻenekinia nui.
ʻAʻole ka mānoanoa wale nō e hoʻoholo i ka maikaʻi pale. I ka hihia o titanium, maikaʻi ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni no ka mea hoʻomau, pili pono, a pili.
ʻO ia hoʻi ʻaʻole hiki ke maʻalahi ke kaiapuni:
- e laha ma ia mea,
- e wawahi,
- a i ʻole e hoʻokaʻawale iā ia mai ka metala lalo.
ʻOiai e mau ana ka paʻi kiʻiʻoniʻoni, ʻO ka titanium ke kūpaʻa nui i ka palaka maʻamau i ka ea, kaiwa, Ke wai wai, a me ka nui o na oxidizing solutions.
He mea nui ke kūlana o ka ʻili
ʻO ke kūpaʻa ʻino o Titanium e pili ana i ka pono o ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni passive.
Inā haumia ka ʻili, wela loa, welded pono ole, a i ʻole i ʻike ʻia i kahi kaiapuni e hoʻopilikia i ka passivation, hiki ke emi ka hana.
No laila, ʻoiai ʻo ka titanium e kūpaʻa loa, ʻaʻole kūʻokoʻa loa ia i ke ʻano o ka ʻili.
ʻO ia ke ʻano o ka hoʻolālā maikaʻi ʻana a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana maikaʻi.
ʻOi aku ka ikaika o ka pale ʻana o ka metala, akā, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana inā maʻemaʻe ka ʻili, Kūkai, a mālama pono.
3. ʻAʻole ʻeleʻele ka Titanium, Hiki nō na'e ke 'ino
Hōʻike pinepine ʻia ka Titanium ma ke ʻano he "rust-proof,” akā, paʻa loa kēlā ʻōlelo no ka hoʻohana ʻenehana.
ʻO ka ʻōlelo pololei loa ʻo ia ka titanium ʻaʻole ʻōpala i ka manaʻo iron-oxide maʻamau, akā naʻe hiki ke loaʻa i kekahi mau ʻano o ka ʻinoʻino a i ʻole ka pōʻino o ka ʻili ma lalo o nā kūlana kikoʻī.
He mea nui kēia ʻokoʻa no ka mea ikaika loa ka maikaʻi o ka titanium no ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion, aole nae palena ole.
Hiki ke ʻino ʻia i loko o nā geometries maikaʻi ʻole
Paʻa loa ka Titanium i nā kūlana ākea ākea, aka, Nā kānaka, waihona, a me nā ʻāpana kūpaʻa hiki ke hana i kahi kemika kūloko ʻokoʻa ma mua o ke kaiapuni a puni.
Ma ia mau wahi huna, hiki ke pau ka oxygen, a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻāla hou ʻia ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni passive.
He mea nui kēia i nā hale me:
- ami paa,
- ili pili,
- nā pilina paʻa,
- nā ʻāina hoʻopaʻa ʻia,
- a i ʻole ka hoʻokahe wai maikaʻi ʻole.
Ma nā ʻōlelo ʻenekinia, ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka titanium i ka wā i ʻae ʻia e "hanu" i loko o kahi kaiapuni i loaʻa i ka oxygen. Ke ālai ʻia kēlā komo, piʻi ka pōʻino kūloko.
Hiki ke pilikia ka Titanium i nā kaiapuni hoʻemi ikaika
Paʻa loa ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni passive o Titanium i nā kūlana oxidizing. I kekahi mau kaiapuni kemika hoemi ikaika, Akā naʻe,, ʻaʻole hiki ke kūpaʻa kēlā kiʻiʻoniʻoni.
Ke hana mau ka kemika a puni i ka passivation, Hiki ke emi mai ka maikaʻi o ka pale ʻana o ka titanium.
ʻO ia ke kumu ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa ka titanium i ka koho maikaʻi loa no kēlā me kēia kaʻina wai a i ʻole kaʻina kemika.
ʻO kona kūpono e pili ana i ke kikowaena pololei, kūlike, keka ao, a me ka lōʻihi o ka wehe ʻana.
ʻAʻole kūpono paha kekahi mea hana i loko o ka wai kai i loko o kahi kahawai waika hoʻohaʻahaʻa.
Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ka hydrogen i nā pilikia koʻikoʻi
ʻO kekahi o nā hana hoʻohaʻahaʻa nui loa no ka titanium hoʻoheheʻe hydrogen. Ma lalo o kekahi mau kemika a i ʻole nā kūlana electrochemical, Hiki ke komo ka hydrogen i ka metala.
Inā nui ka hydrogen e hōʻiliʻili, hiki iā ia ke hana i nā hydride palupalu a kōkua paha i ka embrittlement.
ʻAʻole kēia he ʻōpala ma ke ʻano ʻike ʻia, akā, he mea koʻikoʻi ka hana ʻole ʻana o nā mea waiwai.
Hiki ke ʻae ʻia ka ʻāpana ma waho i ka wā e hoʻohaʻahaʻa ai kona mau waiwai mechanical i loko.
Pili loa ka pilikia pili hydrogen i:
- kekahi mau wahi hana kemika,
- nā ʻōnaehana pale cathodic inā hoʻohana hewa ʻia,
- a me kekahi mau kūlana lawelawe electrochemical.
No kēia kumu, Pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia ke kūpaʻa ʻino o ka titanium me kona hiki ke hoʻopōʻino i ka hydrogen.
Hoʻololi ka wela kiʻekiʻe i ke kiʻi
I nā mahana kiʻekiʻe, Hiki ke mānoanoa ka papa oxide pale o titanium a hiki ke hoʻololi i kāna ʻano. Ma ka lawelawe haʻahaʻa, hiki i kēia ke alakaʻi i ka hoʻoneʻe a i ʻole ka ulu ʻana o ka oxide.
I nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, Akā naʻe,, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana a hiki i ka metala kumu ke hoʻomaka e nalowale i kekahi o nā waiwai e hoʻonani ai.
ʻAʻole kēia manaʻo ʻaʻole kūpono ka titanium no nā wahi wela āpau. 'O ia ho'i, pono e komo ka mahana i ka ho'oholo koho mea.
Hiki ke ʻano ʻokoʻa ke ʻano o ka mea titanium e hana maikaʻi ana ma ka wela a i ʻole ke kiʻekiʻe haʻahaʻa ke ʻike ʻia i ka wela kiʻekiʻe..
Poino o ka ili a me ka mea poke
ʻO ke kūpaʻa ʻino o Titanium e hilinaʻi nui i ke olakino o kāna kiʻiʻoniʻoni passive. Inā haumia a poino paha ka ʻili, hiki ke hoemiia ka hana pale.
Loaʻa nā pilikia maʻamau:
- hana wiliwili maikaʻi ʻole,
- ka wili ʻana i ka haumia mai nā mea hao,
- abrasion nui,
- hoʻomaʻemaʻe pono ʻole,
- a me nā koena e hoʻopilikia i ka hana hou ʻana o ka oxide.
ʻO kēia kahi kumu e pono ai ka hoʻopaʻi ʻana i ka titanium. ʻO ka mea pono'ī he kū'ē loa, aka, ua ko'iko'i kona kulana ili.
ʻAʻole ʻano like ka ʻili o ka titanium i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a maikaʻi ʻole paha.
Hiki ke hoʻopili i nā ʻōnaehana titanium
Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka Titanium i nā hui me nā metala ʻē aʻe. Inā hoʻopili uila ʻia kahi metala liʻiliʻi i ka titanium ma kahi kaiapuni conductive, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻino ʻana o ka metala ʻē aʻe.
I kekahi mau hihia, hiki i kēia ke hana i ka huikau no ka mea, ʻike ʻia ka ʻino i ʻike ʻia ma kahi kokoke i ka mea titanium ʻoiai ʻaʻole ʻo titanium ka mea i hoʻopilikia mua ʻia..
He pilikia pae ʻōnaehana kēia, ʻAʻole kahi kīnā i ka titanium wale nō. 'O ia ho'i, pono nā 'enekinia e no'ono'o e pili ana i ke anaina holo'oko'a, ʻaʻole wale ka ʻāpana kūʻokoʻa.
4. ʻOkoʻa hana: Titanium maʻemaʻe vs. ʻO nā Alloy Titanium i ka Anti-Rust a me ke kūʻē ʻana
Hoʻohui pinepine ʻia nā huila titanium maʻemaʻe a me ka titanium i ke kūkākūkā maʻamau, akā mai kahi hiʻohiʻona ʻenehana-enekinia ʻaʻole like lākou.
Paʻa maikaʻi nā mea ʻelua i ka ʻōpala i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā metala hao, a hilinaʻi lāua ʻelua i kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni oxide pale no ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion. Akā naʻe,, kā lākou Hanaʻia nā hana Corrosionion, hana kino, a me ka pono o ka lawelawe aole like loa.
Titanium maʻemaʻe: maʻalahi loa, maikaʻi maikaʻi ʻino
Kokoke loa ka titanium maʻemaʻe kūʻai i ka titanium elemental me ka liʻiliʻi o ka oxygen, 'Eron, nitrogen, KālekaʻAʻI, a me ka hydrogen e like me nā haumia i hoʻomalu ʻia.
No ka mea maʻalahi kona haku mele ʻana, paʻa loa kona ʻano ili.
ʻO nā ikaika o ka titanium maʻemaʻe
- Kūleʻa maikaʻi i ka ʻino maʻamau
- ʻO ka hana passivation ikaika
- Hana maikaʻi loa i ka wai kai a me nā kaiapuni oxidizing he nui
- Kūlana biocompatibility
- ʻO ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i kekahi mau pilikia microstructural pili i ka alloy
- Kūleʻa maikaʻi i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka ʻili e like me ka ʻōpala
Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka titanium maʻemaʻe inā ʻo ke kūpaʻa corrosion ka mea nui a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.
ʻO kāna kiʻiʻoniʻoni oxide paʻa loa e hoʻohiwahiwa i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, Marine, a me nā noi kemika inā ʻaʻole ʻo ka ikaika loa ka pahuhopu mua.
Nā palena o ka titanium maʻemaʻe
- ʻOi aku ka ikaika haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka hapa nui o nā alloys titanium
- Haʻahaʻa luhi kū'ē i ke koi structural lawelawe
- ʻAʻole kūpono no nā ʻāpana kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole ka wela wela
Pela, ʻO ka titanium maʻemaʻe pinepine ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe corrosion solution, akā, ʻaʻole i nā manawa a pau ka hoʻonā hoʻolālā ikaika loa.
Nā Alloys Annays Alloys: hana ʻia no ka hana ma mua o ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion
Loaʻa nā mea hoʻoheheʻe Titanium e like me ke alumini, vanadium, Mybrideum, nihibium, kū, 'Eron, a i ʻole chromium.
Hoʻonui kēia mau mea hoʻohui i nā waiwai kikoʻī, ʻoi aku ka ikaika a me ka hana wela.
ʻO nā ikaika o nā huila titanium
- ʻOi aku ka ikaika o ka tensile ma mua o ka titanium maʻemaʻe
- ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana luhi i nā hana hoʻolālā he nui
- Hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ke kūpaʻa kolo ma kekahi mau papa
- ʻOi aku ka kūpono no ka aerospace, reflan, a me ka ʻenehana hoʻoluhi kiʻekiʻe
- ʻO ke kūpaʻa ʻino e mau ana ka maikaʻi ma nā kaiapuni he nui
Kuʻikoli
Hiki i ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā mea hoʻohuihui ke hoʻololi iki i ke ʻano corrosion ma muli o ka ʻohana alloying a me ke kaiapuni.
Ma nā hoʻonohonoho pono he nui, ʻO nā huila titanium e pale maikaʻi loa i ka pala, akā, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka pilina ma waena o ka haku mele ʻana a me ka hana corrosion kūloko ma mua o ka titanium maʻemaʻe kūʻai.
ʻO ke ʻano anti-rust: maikaʻi loa nā mea ʻelua, aka, aole like
ʻAʻole ʻo ka titanium maʻemaʻe a me ka titanium alloys "rust" i ka manaʻo iron-oxide maʻamau.
Hoʻokumu nā mea ʻelua i nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni oxide pale. Akā naʻe,, ʻokoʻa ke ʻano o kā lākou hana ʻana i nā kaiapuni corrosive.
| Waiwai | Titanium Maʻemaʻe | Nā Alloys Annays Alloys |
| ʻO ke ʻano rust | ʻAʻole ʻeleʻele e like me ka hao | ʻAʻole ʻeleʻele e like me ka hao |
| Hoʻokumu kiʻiʻoniʻoni passive | ikaika loa a paʻa | Ikaika, akā hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia e ka alloy a me ke kaiapuni |
| Kū kū'ē ka lehulehu | Kūpono | Kūpono, kiʻekiʻe loa |
| Kūleʻa wai kai | Kūlana kūʻokoʻa | Kūlana ma nā papa he nui |
| ʻO ke ʻano corrosion kūloko | Maikaʻi loa | Hiki ke ʻokoʻa ma muli o ka alloy a me ke kūlana |
| Ikaika | Loli | ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe |
| ʻO ke kuleana kūpono loa | ʻO nā noi ʻino-mua | ʻO ka corrosion a me nā noi hoʻolālā hana |
5. No ke aha i ʻike ʻia ai ka Titanium me he mea lā
Manaʻo ka poʻe i kekahi manawa he ʻele ka titanium ke ʻike lākou i nā loli kala ma ka ʻili. I ka nui o nā hihia, ʻAʻole kēia he ʻōpala. ʻO ka mea maʻamau kekahi o kēia mau mea:
ʻOkika mānoanoa
Hiki ke hoʻololi i ka mānoanoa o ka papa o ka Titanium ma lalo o ka wela a i ʻole ka ʻike kaiapuni, e hana ana i ke kala kala. Hiki i kēia ke hana i ke gula, polū, poni, a i ʻole nā leo e like me ke anuenue ma ka ʻili.
Hūnā
lepo, aloha, noho, a i ʻole ka hoʻohaumia ʻana mai kekahi metala ʻē aʻe hiki ke hoʻopōʻino i ka ʻili o ka titanium. Ua like paha ke kala me ka corrosion, akā ʻaʻole pinepine ia i ka titanium rusting.
Nā hopena Galvanic
Inā hui pū ʻia ka titanium me kahi metala maikaʻi ʻole i loko o kahi pōʻino, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻino ʻana o ka metala ʻē aʻe. Hiki ke kuhi hewa ʻia ka pōʻino i ʻike ʻia i ka titanium.
ʻO ke kuʻi ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻomehana ʻana
He mea maʻamau ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka hue wela a me ka oxide ma hope o ke kuʻi ʻana. He mau hoʻololi ʻili kēia, ʻaʻole ʻōpala, akā hiki iā lākou ke hōʻike ua ʻike ʻia ka ʻili i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe a pono paha e hoʻomaʻemaʻe a lapaʻau paha.
6. ʻO nā manaʻo kuhihewa maʻamau e pili ana i ka Titanium "Rust"
kuhi hewa 1: ʻAʻole ʻino ka Titanium
ʻAʻole ʻoiaʻiʻo. Pale maikaʻi loa ka Titanium i ka ʻino, akā ma lalo o kekahi mau kaiapuni a me nā kūlana hiki ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa.
kuhi hewa 2: ʻO ke ʻano o ka wehe ʻana i ke kala
ʻAʻole ʻoiaʻiʻo. Hoʻololi pinepine ka Titanium i ka waihoʻoluʻu ma muli o ka mānoanoa o ke kiʻi oxide, kala wela, a i ʻole ka haumia.
kuhi hewa 3: ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka Titanium ma mua o ke kila kila
Aole mau. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka Titanium i nā noi he nui, akā, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kila kila a ʻoi aku paha ke kūpono ma muli o ka ukana, keka ao, huahuai, a me ke kaiapuni.
kuhi hewa 4: ʻAʻole hiki ke hāʻule ka Titanium i ka wai kai
ʻAʻole ʻoiaʻiʻo. ʻOiai ʻo ka titanium ke kūpaʻa loa i ka wai kai, nā hemahema hoʻolālā, kūlana māwae, waihona, a i ʻole ka hoʻopili galvanic hiki ke hana i nā pilikia.
7. Titiani vs. Kukui Kekuhi: He hoohalike kupono
| Waiwai | Titanium | ʻAihue kīwī / Metala Hao |
| Hoʻokumu ʻana i ka rust | ʻAʻole ʻeleʻele e like me ka hao | Hiki i ka ʻōpala me ka pale ʻole |
| Kiʻi loa | Ikaika, ʻO Mīwīʻo Oxide | ʻoi aku ka nāwaliwali, emi ka pale |
| Ke kū'ē neiʻo Corrosionion | Maikaʻi loa i nā wahi he nui | Maikaʻi a ʻilihune ke ʻole i uhi ʻia a i hoʻohui ʻia paha |
| Ke kaumaha | Māmā loa | Kaumaha |
| Kālā | High | Haʻahaʻa |
| ʻO ke kū'ēʻana | Maikaʻi loa, akā ʻaʻole honua | ʻO nāʻano ākea ākea |
| ʻIke ʻili | Paʻa, uʻi pinepine | Hiki ke hōʻino i ka ʻike ʻia |
| Kaumaha mālama | Haʻahaʻa maʻamau i ka lawelawe corrosive | Kiʻekiʻe pinepine |
8. Hopena
Titanium ʻaʻole e rusts i kekahi wahi lawelawe mai ka wehewehe kemika a me ka waiwai.
ʻO kāna mea hoʻohui ʻole ferrous elemental e hoʻopau loa i ka hiki ke hana ʻia ka ferric oxide rust generation, a ʻo ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni paʻi nano titanium dioxide hoʻōla iā ia iho e hāʻawi i ka titanium me nā mana anti-oxidation a me nā anti-corrosion maikaʻi loa i nā hiʻohiʻona kūlohelohe a me nā ʻoihana..
Pono e hoʻokaʻawale i ka ʻeleʻele mai ka corrosion maʻamau ma ka ʻepekema: ʻAʻole ʻino loa ka titanium, a hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia ka pōʻino kūloko ma lalo o nā kūlana kiʻekiʻe o ka wela kiʻekiʻe, kiʻekiʻe o ka chloride, ka hoʻoneʻe kemika ikaika a me ka hoʻohui ʻana i ke koʻikoʻi.
Akā naʻe,, ʻokoʻa loa ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka ʻeleʻele ma ka mīkini, morphology a me ke ʻano pōʻino.
Ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻomohala anti-corrosion māmā, ʻO ka waiwai paʻa ʻole o ka titanium ʻo ia kāna pono ʻoihana nui.
ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike kūpono o ka titanium maʻemaʻe a me ka titanium alloy mea e like me nā kaiapuni lawelawe hiki ke hoʻonui i ka paʻa paʻa a me ke ola lawelawe., ka hana ʻana i ka titanium i mea koʻikoʻi hiki ʻole ke hoʻololi ʻia no ka hana ʻana i nā mea hana kiʻekiʻe a me nā noi ʻenehana kaiapuni.
