ʻO ke keleawe Rust?

E hele i loko o kekahi hale kūʻai lako, a e loaa ia oe na mea keleawe, Nā Vilves, a 'oleka wahine hardware.

E nīnau i ke kanaka kūʻai: He pala keleawe? ʻO ka pane āu e lohe ai ʻo ʻAʻole, ʻaʻole ʻeleʻele ke keleawe. Aka, he oiaio loa?

ʻO ka pane, e like me ka nui o nā nīnau ʻepekema waiwai, ʻo ia ka ʻae a me ka ʻole—ma muli o ke ʻano o kou wehewehe ʻana i ka ʻōpala a me ke ʻano o ke keleawe.

Hāʻawi kēia ʻatikala i kahi kikoʻī, ka nānā ʻana i nā ʻano nui o ka ʻino keleawe.

E ʻimi mākou i ka metallurgy o ke keleawe, ka kemika o kona pala, ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka ʻōpala a me ka ʻeleʻele, nā kumu kaiapuni e hoʻolalelale i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa, a me nā hoʻolālā kūpono no ka pale ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana.

1. He aha ka Rust? He Wehewehe Kemika

Ma mua o ka pane ʻana inā ʻeleʻele ke keleawe, pono mākou e wehewehe 'ōwili.

Ka Kemika o ka Rust

ʻO Rust ka inoa maʻamau no hao wai wai(III) Oliki (Fe₂O₃·nH₂O). Hana ia i ka hao (Lia) hana me ka oxygen (OAHO) a me ka wai (Hue) ma o ka hana electrochemical:

Nā ʻano o ka Rust

Lae koʻikoʻi: No ka mea, aia ke keleawe ʻaʻohe hao hao nui, IT hiki ole ke hana i ka pala.

ʻO ka ʻeleʻele ʻulaʻula a ʻeleʻele ʻōmaʻomaʻo paha i ʻike ʻia ma nā ʻili keleawe. ʻino a patina, ʻaʻole ʻōpala.

2. Nā keleawe? Metallurgy and Composition

ʻO ka wehewehe a me ka huiʻana

Keihei he keleawe-zinc (Cu-Zn) alloy. ʻO ka maʻi zinc mai 5% e luna 40%, me nā mea ʻē aʻe e like me ke kēpau, kū, aluminum, Silikino, a i ʻole arsenic i hoʻohui ʻia no nā waiwai kikoʻī.

ʻO ke kiʻi kiʻi keleawe-Zinc Phase

ʻO ke keleawe ka hopena paʻa o ka zinc ma ke keleawe. ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka zinc e hoʻoikaika i ka huila ma o ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa paʻa paʻa akā hoʻololi nui i kāna ʻano ʻino..

ʻO nā wahi metallurgical kī:

• Māhele Alpha (hale FCC) – ductile, ʻO ke kū'ēʻana o ka corrossion maikaʻi.
• Māhele Beta (Hoʻolālā BCC) - ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka dezincification.
• ʻO ke koena pae e pili ana i ka ʻike zinc a me ka mahana.

3. Pehea e poino maoli ai ke keleawe

ʻOiai ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻele ke keleawe, ke hoʻomau nei i ka hana kemika a pili mau me kona kaiapuni a puni.

Ke alakaʻi nei kēia mau pilina i nā ʻano hana corrosion ʻokoʻa, Hoʻoponopono ʻia kēlā me kēia me nā loina electrochemical like ʻole a me nā kūlana kaiapuni.

ʻAʻole like me ka ʻōpala i ke kila, ʻO ka ʻinoʻino keleawe e holomua ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ʻili, hoʻomaka me ka haʻahaʻa oxidation a, ma lalo o nā kūlana koʻikoʻi, e ulu ana i loko o kahi hoʻouka electrochemical kūloko.

Hoʻomāʻewaʻewa i ka ʻili mua: ʻO ka pae mua o ka hoʻoheheʻe keleawe

ʻO ka hoʻololi mua loa a ʻike pinepine ʻia ma ke keleawe ʻinoʻino.

Ke hōʻike ʻia ke keleawe hou i hana ʻia i ka ea, Hoʻopili mālie nā ʻātoma keleawe a me ka zinc ma ka ʻili me ka oxygen lewa.

I ka mua, ʻO kēia pane ʻana i kahi ʻāpana lahilahi loa i loaʻa mua:

• Copper oxide (Cu₂O a me CuO)
• Zinc oxide (Zno)

Hoʻololi liʻiliʻi kēia kiʻi oxide i ke ʻano o ke keleawe mai kona waihoʻoluʻu gula ʻālohilohi i:

• Melemele māmā
• Palaunu
• ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele
• Hinahina

Ka helu o ka tarnishing pili i nā kumu e like me:

• ʻAno haʻahaʻa pili
• Keka ao
• haumia ea
• Nā kinoea i loko o ka Sulfur
• Nā manamana lima a me nā aila ʻili

ʻAʻole like me ka ʻōpala kila, paʻa kēia papa ʻokikene lahilahi, haohao, a me ka pale maʻamau.

Ma mua o ka hoʻolalelale ʻana, hana ia ma ke ʻano he pale e hōʻemi i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka oxygen i loko o ka alloy lalo.

Mai ka ʻike ʻenehana, ʻO ka tarnish ka mea nui i hoʻololi aesthetic a he liʻiliʻi ka hopena i ka hana ʻana o nā ʻāpana keleawe..

Patina Hoʻokonopono: Nature's Protective Coating

Me ka ʻike lōʻihi i nā kaiapuni waho, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea i loaʻa i ka wai a me ka carbon dioxide, komo ke keleawe i nā hopena kemika e alakaʻi i ka ulu ʻana o a Patina.

ʻO ka patina ka nui o nā huahana corrosion paʻa e like me:

• Copper carbonate
• Copper carbonate kumu
• Copper hydroxide
• Copper sulfate (i nā lewa haumia)

Ma muli o nā kūlana kaiapuni, Hiki i ka ʻili ke hoʻoulu i nā waihoʻoluʻu mai ka ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele a hiki i ke ʻano ʻōmaʻomaʻo a i ʻole polū-ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ʻike ʻia ma nā monumen mōʻaukala a me nā hiʻohiʻona hale..

ʻAʻole like me ka ʻōpala, he porous a hoʻolaha mau i ka ʻino, he paʻakai oʻo ka paʻapū, paʻa kemika, a palekana loa.

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻo ia i ka alloy lalo mai ka lewa, hoʻolohi nui i ka ʻino ma hope.

Hōʻike kēia passivation kūlohelohe i ke kumu o nā kiʻi keleawe kahiko, nā mea hoʻonani, a me nā mea hoʻoilina hoʻoilina e mālama mau i ka maikaʻi o ke kūkulu ʻana me ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻolaha ʻana i waho.

Dezincification: ʻO ke ʻano koʻikoʻi o ka ʻino keleawe

ʻOiai ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻili a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka patina, dezincification He mea hoʻopōʻino ʻino ia e hiki ke hōʻino nui i ka hana mechanical o ke keleawe.

ʻO ka Dezincification kahi kaʻina leaching koho i ka zinc, ʻoi aku ka hana electrochemical ma mua o ke keleawe, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana mai ka huila ke ʻike ʻia i kekahi mau electrolytes, ʻoi aku ka wai i loko o ka chloride.

Ke wehe ʻia ka zinc, lilo ka mea i koe i porous, iwi iwi waiwai keleawe me ka ikaika emi loa a me ka hiki ke hooikaika.

ʻO nā kūlana maʻamau e hāpai ana i ka dezincification:

• Ka wai wela
• Ke wai wai
• Nā hāʻina kiʻekiʻe-chloride
• Pūnaehana wai kū
• Kaiapuni ʻakika iki

Aia nā hōʻailona ʻike ʻia:

• ʻulaʻula a ʻulaʻula paha
• ʻO nā waihona keʻokeʻo i haku ʻia me nā huahana corrosion zinc
• Ka lua ʻili
• Hoʻonui i ka porosity
• Leaka i loko o nā ʻāpana kaomi

No ka paipu koʻikoʻi a me nā noi kai, pale-dezincification (RDA) Keihei ua hana ʻia me nā mea hoʻohui alloying i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e kāohi i kēia ʻano hana corrosion koho a hoʻonui i ke ola lawelawe.

ʻO ke kūleʻaʻana o ke kalaʻana: He Mechanism Huna Huna

ʻO kekahi mea nui, ʻoiai ʻaʻole maʻamau, ʻO ke kaʻina degradation ʻO ke kūleʻaʻana o ke kalaʻana (SCC).

Loaʻa ka SCC inā loaʻa nā kūlana ʻekolu i ka manawa like:

• ʻO kahi hui keleawe maʻalahi
• ʻO ke koʻikoʻi tensile mau (i hoʻohana ʻia a i ʻole koena)
• He kaiapuni corrosive kiko'ī, ʻO ka mea nui i loaʻa i ka ammonia a i ʻole nā ​​pūhui ammonium

Ma mua o ka lilo ʻana o nā mea like ʻole, Ke alakaʻi nei ʻo SCC i ka hoʻomaka ʻana a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā māwae maikaʻi, pinepine ma na palena palaoa.

Hiki i kēia mau māwae ke ulu me ka ʻike liʻiliʻi o ka ʻinoʻino o ka ʻili a hiki i ka hopena ke hopena koke, haʻihaʻi haʻihaʻi.

Loaʻa nā ʻāpana i kahi pilikia:

• ʻO nā lāʻau pāpaʻi
• ʻO nā mea hoʻopili kaomi
• Nā mea paʻa
• Punawai
• ʻO nā ʻāpana mīkini pololei i kau ʻia i ke koena o ka mīkini mīkini

Hoʻomaʻamaʻa wela hoʻomaha, ke koho ʻana i ka alloy kūpono, a ʻo ka pale ʻana i nā kaiapuni lawelawe waiwai nui i ka amonia he mau hoʻolālā kūpono no ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka maʻalahi o SCC.

Kaulike a me ka ʻinoʻino kūloko

I loko o nā kaiapuni kemika ʻino, hiki no hoi ke keleawe ʻaʻahu like ʻole, kahi e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ai ka mea ma luna o ka ʻili āpau i ʻike ʻia, Oole ʻO keʻano kūloko, kahi e hoʻouka ʻia ai ka hoʻouka ʻana ma nā wahi ʻokoʻa.

Nā ʻakika ikaika, alkali ikaika, a hiki i kekahi mau kemika ʻoihana ke hoʻoheheʻe i nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni pale, e alakaʻi ana i ka pohō metala hiki ke ana i ka manawa.

ʻAʻole like me ka ʻōpala, Akā naʻe,, ʻAʻole hana kēia mau kaʻina i nā unahi hao oxide ākea. ', ʻoi aku ka lahilahi o ka huila a i ʻole ke kūkulu ʻana i nā lua kūloko, ʻoiai ʻokoʻa ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana mai ke ʻano palaka o ka hao a me ke kila.

NOEHUI, ʻO ka loiloi ʻana i ka paʻa keleawe e pono ai ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kāna mau hana corrosion kikoʻī ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā manaʻo pili i nā mea ferrous..

Kahiki Galvaniko

Ke hui pū ʻia ke keleawe me kahi metala maikaʻi loa (E.g., kila kohu ʻole, liulaala) i loko o kahi conductive environment, lilo ke keleawe i anode a corrodes preferentially.

4. Keleawe vs. Bronze: Hoʻohālikelike ʻino

Hoʻopili pinepine ʻia ke keleawe a me ke keleawe. ʻOkoʻa ko lākou ʻano corrosion ma muli o ka mea hoʻohui mua (zinc i ke keleawe; tin i ke keleawe).

5. Nā Kumu Kaiapuni e pili ana i ka ʻino keleawe

ʻOiai ʻaʻole ʻōpala ke keleawe, pili loa kona ʻano ʻino i ke kaiapuni kahi e hana ai.

Hiki ke hoʻololi nui ʻia ke kūpaʻa o ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni oxide pale i hana maoli ʻia ma ke keleawe kaulike, Nāʻona ai, keka ao, kemika wai, ph, a me keʻano paʻakikī.

Ka haʻahaʻa a me ka wai

ʻO ka makū kekahi o nā kumu koʻikoʻi e pili ana i ka ʻino keleawe.

Hana ka wai ma ke ʻano he electrolyte, e hiki ai i nā hoʻohenehene electrochemical ma waena o ka ʻili huila a me kona kaiapuni a puni.

Ke piʻi aʻe ka haʻahaʻa pili, e ulu mālie ana kahi kiʻi ʻoniʻoni maʻemaʻe ma luna o ka ʻili keleawe, hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka oxygen a me ka lawe ionic.

I ka ea maloʻo, hiki lohi ka hoʻohāhā ʻana a hana maʻamau i kahi lahilahi, kiʻiʻoniʻoni oxide paʻa.

Ke piʻi aʻe ka haʻahaʻa, hoʻokē ʻai ʻia, ʻo ka hopena i ʻoi aku ka ʻino a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka patina.

Ma lalo o ka pulu mau a i ʻole ka wai, hiki ʻole ke paʻa ʻole ka papa ʻokikene pale, e hoʻonui ana i ka hikiwawe o ka corrosion localized.

Hiki ke hōʻuluʻulu ʻia ka hopena o ka haʻahaʻa ma luna o ka ʻino keleawe penei:

Nā mea hoʻohaumia o ka lewa

Hiki i nā mea haumia ea ke hoʻololi nui i ke ʻano ʻino o ke keleawe ma o ka launa pū ʻana me kāna papa oxide pale kūlohelohe..

Nā hoʻokuʻu ʻoihana, aerosol moana, a me nā mahu kemika e hoʻolalelale i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana o ka ʻili ma o nā mīkini electrochemical kikoʻī.

ʻO nā mea hoʻohaumia lewa koʻikoʻi e pili ana i ke keleawe he pūhui sulfur, chrlodes, amonlea, a me nā kinoea oxidizing.

Sulfur Dioxide (Pī)

Sulfur dioxide, ʻike pinepine ʻia ma nā lewa ʻoihana a me ke kūlanakauhale, hana koke me ke keleawe ma ka ʻili keleawe e hana i nā sulfide keleawe.

Hoʻopuka kēia mau pūhui i ke ʻano ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele paha i ʻike pinepine ʻia ma ke keleawe i ʻike ʻia i ka ea haumia..

ʻOiai ʻo kēia tarnish maʻamau maʻamau, Hiki i ka hoʻolaha lōʻihi ke hoʻonui i ka nui o ka oxidation holoʻokoʻa a hoʻemi i ke ʻano nani o nā mea hoʻonaninani.

Kaiapuni i loko o ka Chloride

ʻO nā ion chloride kekahi o nā ʻano ʻino loa e pili ana i ke keleawe.

Māhele kahakai, nā hanana lole, nā mea kanu lāʻau, a ʻo nā lako kai e ʻike mau ana i ka ea paʻakai.

Hoʻopau nā Chloride i ka papa ʻokikene passive a hoʻoikaika:

• ʻO ka pitting kūloko
• Kāleʻa Crenice Corrosioni
• Dezincification
• ʻO ka ʻino galvanic ke loaʻa nā metala like ʻole

No kēia mau noi, Nāʻili manu, keleawe silika, a i ʻole dezincification-kūpaʻa (RDA) ʻōlelo pinepine ʻia ke keleawe.

Hōʻike ʻia ʻo Amonia

ʻOiai he liʻiliʻi ka hopena o ka amonia i ke keleawe ʻole, lilo ia i mea luku loa ke hui pū ʻia me ke koʻikoʻi tensile koena a i hoʻohana ʻia paha.

Ma lalo o kēia mau kūlana, hiki i ka amonia ke komo i nā palena o ka palaoa a hoʻomaka ʻO ke kūleʻaʻana o ke kalaʻana (SCC).

He mea weliweli kēia hanana no ka mea:

• Hiki ke ulu nā māwae me ka ʻole o ka poho waiwai.
• Hiki koke mai ka hemahema me ka ʻōlelo aʻo liʻiliʻi o waho.
• E emi ana ka ikaika o ka mīkini ma mua o ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o ka ʻino.

ʻO nā mea e like me nā kumu valve, nā mea hoʻopili, punawai, a me nā mea hoʻopaʻa e pono ai ke koho ʻana i ka alloy a me ka mālama ʻana i ke kaumaha ke manaʻo ʻia ka ʻike ʻana i ka amonia.

ʻOzone a me nā lewa Oxidizing ikaika

ʻO ka Ozone kahi mea hoʻoheheʻe ʻoi loa e hoʻonui i ka nui o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni oxide ma nā ʻili keleawe.

ʻOiai hiki ke mālama ʻia ka papa oxide ma lalo o nā kūlana haʻahaʻa, ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ozone kiʻekiʻe e hiki ke hoʻolōʻihi i ka discoloration a me ka ʻelemakule o ka ʻili.

Keka ao

Hoʻopili pololei ka mahana i nā kinetics corrosion ma o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka diffusion atom, pākēkē hoʻololi kemika, a me ka hana electrochemical.

Laulaha, ʻO kēlā me kēia piʻi ʻana o ka mahana e hoʻolalelale i ka oxidation a me ka corrosion, ʻoiai ʻo ka mīkini kikoʻī e pili ana i ka alloy a me ka lawelawe lawelawe.

pH o ka wai

ʻO ka acidity a i ʻole ka alkalinity o kahi kaiapuni wai ka mea nui i ka ʻino keleawe no ka mea pili ka pH i ka paʻa o nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni pale a me ka hoʻoheheʻe electrochemical o ke keleawe a me ka zinc..

6. Nā Huahana ʻino ma ke keleawe: Ka mea i ikeia ma ka Ili?

ʻAʻole ʻeleʻele ka wehe ʻana i ʻike ʻia ma nā ʻili keleawe; he hui ia o ke keleawe a me ka zinc.

7. Kāohi ʻana i ka ʻino i loko o ke keleawe

ALLOLOL koho

Nā mea kino kino

ʻO nā uhi a me nā mea pale

8. Hoomaemae a malama i ke keleawe

ʻOiai ua kūpaʻa loa ke keleawe i ka ʻōpala a hāʻawi maikaʻi i ka lōʻihi lōʻihi, Hiki ke hoʻololi nui ʻia kona helehelena a me ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion e ka mālama pono.

Hoʻomaʻemaʻe maʻamau no ka mālama ʻana i kēlā me kēia lā

Mau hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā mea keleawe ʻo ia ke ala maʻalahi a maikaʻi loa e hoʻonui i ke ola lawelawe.

Ka wehe ʻana i ka lepo, ailakalu, manamana lima, aloha, a me nā mea haumia ʻoihana e kōkua i ka pale ʻana i nā mea haumia mai ka wikiwiki ʻana i ka oxidation a i ʻole ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ka corrosion kūloko..

No ka hapa nui o ka hale a me ka ʻoihana, ʻO kahi lole palupalu i hui pū ʻia me ka wai mehana a me kahi kopa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ua lawa ia e wehe i ka lepo o ka ʻili me ka ʻole e hōʻino i ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni pale oxide..

Ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe, pono e holoi mau ʻia ka ʻili me ka wai maʻemaʻe a maloʻo loa i mea e pale ai i ke koena o ka wai mai ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka pala..

Pono pono ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe maʻamau no:

• Lako hoohiwahiwa
• Lima lima
• Nā lako paipu
• Nā mea kani
• ʻO nā mea mīkini pololei
• Lako uila

ʻAʻole like me ka polishing aggressive, ʻO ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe maʻemaʻe e mālama i ka pono o ka papa oxide maoli me ka mālama ʻana i kahi hiʻohiʻona nani.

Ka wehe ʻana i ka ʻino

E like me nā makahiki keleawe, hoʻololi mālie ka oxidation i kona waihoʻoluʻu gula ʻōmaʻomaʻo i nā aka ʻeleʻele, keleawe eleele, ʻeleʻele paha.

Hoʻopili maʻamau kēia tarnish i ka ʻili a ʻaʻole hōʻike i ka pōʻino o ke kino.

Hiki i kekahi mau hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe ke hoʻopau pono i ka tarnish.

Nā Hana Hoʻomaʻemaʻe Organic Māmā

Mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻakika maoli, e like me ka vīneka i hui pū ʻia me ka paʻakai a i ʻole ka wai lemi i hui pū ʻia me ka paʻakai, hoʻohana nui ʻia no ka wehe ʻana i ka tarnish haʻahaʻa.

Hoʻopau ka ʻakika māmā i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka ʻili a ʻo ka hana abrasive mālie e kōkua i ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ka hoʻopau metala kumu.

Akā naʻe,, no ka mea, he ʻakika kēia mau haʻina, ʻaʻole pono lākou e noho ma ka ʻili keleawe no nā manawa lōʻihi.

Ma hope o ka lapaʻau ʻana, e holoi pono ʻia ka mea me ka wai maʻemaʻe a hoʻomaloʻo koke ʻia e hoʻopau i nā koena ʻakika i koe.

He kūpono kēia mau ʻano no:

• Nā mea hoʻonani keleawe hoʻonani
• Nā lako hale
• Mea lako kīhini
• ʻO nā mea hoʻonaninani māmā

Na Poni keleawe Kalepa

No ke keleawe nui loa, ʻO nā pūhui polishing pāʻoihana e hāʻawi i nā hopena wikiwiki a paʻa.

Loaʻa i kēia mau huahana nā ʻāpana abrasive maikaʻi a me nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe kemika e hoʻoneʻe i ka oxidation a hoʻihoʻi i ke ʻano ʻālohilohi gula..

ʻOiai ʻo ka polishing e hoʻomaikaʻi nui i ka helehelena, hoʻoneʻe pū ia i kekahi ʻāpana o ka papa ʻokikene kūlohelohe maoli a, I kekahi mau hihia, ka patina pale.

ʻO ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi nui ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻoliʻi pinepine ʻana e hōʻemi mālie i ka pale o ka ʻili a hoʻololi i ke ʻano o nā mea keleawe kahiko a i ʻole ka mōʻaukala..

No laila, pono e hoʻohana koho ʻia ka polishing pāʻoihana ma mua o ka mālama maʻamau.

Nā Agena Hoʻomaʻemaʻe e ʻalo ai

ʻAʻole kūpono nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe a pau i ke keleawe.

ʻO kekahi o nā mea nui e mālama ai pale i nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe ma muli o ka ammonia, no nā ʻāpana keleawe hoʻoluhi a kaumaha paha.

Ua kaulana ʻo Ammonia no ka hoʻolaha ʻana ʻO ke kūleʻaʻana o ke kalaʻana (SCC) i nā ʻāpana keleawe hiki ʻole.

Hiki i nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ke komo i nā palena o ka palaoa a hoʻomaka i nā māwae microscopic i ka wā e hui pū ʻia me ke koena a i hoʻohana ʻia i nā koʻikoʻi tensile..

No kēia kumu, ʻAʻole pono e hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe me ka ammonia:

• Nā'āpana Valve
• ʻO nā mea hoʻopili kaomi
• Punawai
• Nā mea paʻa
• Nā hihia Cartridge
• ʻO nā ʻāpana mīkini pololei

Like me, ʻakika nui loa, alkali ikaika, huluhulu kila abrasive, a e pale aku i na mea hana wili ko'iko'i ke ole e kuhikuhi pono ia no ka ho'iho'i 'oihana.

Nā Laʻau Pale Pale

ʻAʻole pale ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe wale ʻana i ka oxidation e hiki mai ana.

Ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ʻana o ka ʻili, ʻO nā mea keleawe he nui e pōmaikaʻi mai nā mālama pale hou e hoʻokaʻawale i ka metala mai ka makū a me nā mea haumia o ka lewa..

Loaʻa nā ʻano pale maʻamau:

Na Uila Wax

ʻO ka wax microcrystalline a i ʻole nā ​​​​wax paste kiʻekiʻe e hana i kahi pale hydrophobic lahilahi ma luna o ka ʻili keleawe.

Hāʻawi ka uhi ʻana i ka wax i nā pono he nui:

• E ho'ēmi i kaʻike oxygen
• Hoʻokuʻu i ka wai
• Hoʻomaʻamaʻa lohi
• E mālama i ke ʻano o ka ʻili
• E mālama i ka luster metala maoli

Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka pale ʻana i ka wax no nā mea keleawe a me nā hale kiʻi hale kiʻi.

Aila Palekana

Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā ʻaila mineral māmā i nā ʻāpana keleawe ʻoihana i ka wā e mālama ai a lawe ʻia paha.

Hoʻomalu nā kiʻi ʻaila:

• Ka haʻahaʻa
• Nā manamana lima
• ʻOke ʻia ka lewa manawa

ʻOiai ʻo ka uhi ʻaila e pono ai ka hoʻohou manawa, hāʻawi lākou i kahi hopena maʻalahi no ka pale corrosion no ka wā pōkole.

Na Laki Laki

Hoʻokumu ka lacquer maʻemaʻe i kahi pale pale akaka e pale ai i ka pilina pololei ma waena o ka ʻili keleawe a me ke kaiapuni a puni.

Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā ʻāpana Lacquer:

• HAANAKA HONE
• Nā lako kukui
• ʻoki hoʻohiwahiwa
• Nā mea kani

Ke mālama pono ʻia, ʻO ka lacquer e hoʻemi nui i ka pono no ka polishing ma ka pale ʻana i ka oxidation mai ka wā mua.

Nā Paʻi Electropplated

No nā noi ʻoihana koi, Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ke keleawe me nā metala e like me nickel a i ʻole chromium.

Hāʻawi ka electroplating:

• Hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion
• ʻOi aku ka pale ʻana o ka ʻaʻahu
• Hoʻonui i ka hiʻohiʻona hoʻonani
• Hoʻonui paʻa kemika

Hoʻopili pinepine ʻia nā mea hoʻohui uila me ka tin, dala, a i ʻole ke gula no ka mālama ʻana i ke kūpaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa me ka pale ʻana i ka substrate keleawe i lalo.

Ka mālama ʻana i ka Patina Kūlohelohe

ʻAʻole pono e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia nā keleawe a pau a hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia.

No nā hale kūkulu hale he nui, mōʻaukala, a me nā noi noʻeau, ʻO ka patina i hoʻomohala maoli ʻia i manaʻo ʻia he waiwai aesthetically a me ka pono hana.

ʻO ka ʻili keleawe ʻōmaʻomaʻo a ʻeleʻele paha i ʻike ʻia ma nā hale mōʻaukala a me nā monuments ʻaʻole ia he hōʻailona o ka pōʻino akā he papa pale paʻa e hoʻolōʻihi i ka ʻino..

NOEHUI, Mālama nā loea mālama mālama ma mua o ka wehe ʻana i ka patina oʻo.

No ke keleawe kālaihana i ʻike ʻia i nā kaiapuni waho, ʻO ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe pinepine ka mālama ʻana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wax pale, e ʻae ana i ka pāpaʻi e hoʻomau i ka ulu kūlohelohe.

9. Nā noi kahi e pono ai ka ʻino keleawe

10. He Hoolikelike: keleawe vs Rust

11. Hopena

Pela, he keleawe keleawe? ʻAʻole maopopo ka pane ʻepekema: ʻAʻole. ʻAʻole ʻeleʻele ke keleawe no ka mea ʻo ka ʻōpala he mea ʻino ia i ka hao a me ke kila, oiai he keleawe-zinc ka hao i loko o ka hao.

Eia nō naʻe, ʻAʻole pale ke keleawe i ka pōʻino o ke kaiapuni.

I loko o kona ola lawelawe, ke komo nei ia i nā kaʻina hana ʻino ʻokoʻa—me ka oxidation, ʻinoʻino, hoʻokumu ʻana i ka patina, dezincification, a, ma lalo o nā kūlana kūikawā, ʻO ke kūleʻaʻana o ke kalaʻana.

He ʻokoʻa loa kēia mau mīkini mai ka ʻānae ʻana o nā mea ferrous ma ke ʻano kemika a me ka ʻenehana.

Lākahi, hoʻomaopopo i ka ʻokoʻa ma waena 'ōwili a ʻinoʻino keleawe he mea nui no na enekinia, Manaʻoʻia, mea hanamumu, a me nā mea hoʻohana hope.

Ma ke koho ʻana i ka mea hoʻohui kūpono, e noʻonoʻo ana i ke kaiapuni hana, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hana mālama pono,

Hiki i nā ʻāpana keleawe ke hāʻawi i ka hilinaʻi koʻikoʻi, Ke kū'ē neiʻo Corrosion Corrossion, a me kahi ola lawelawe lōʻihi loa ma kahi ākea o nā noi ʻoihana a me nā ʻoihana.

 

Ua nīnau pinepineʻia nā nīnau

He palau keleawe i ka wai?

ʻAʻole, ʻAʻole hana ke keleawe 'ōwili (hana iron oxide). Akā naʻe,, ʻinoʻino ke keleawe i ka wai, ʻo ka wai kūpaʻa a waiʻawaʻawa paha, kahi e hiki ai ka dezincification.

E hoʻohana i nā keleawe pale dezincification no nā noi wai.

No ke aha i ʻōmaʻomaʻo ai koʻu keleawe?

ʻO ke kala ʻōmaʻomaʻo he pale pale o kalapona keleawe kumu (Cu₂CO₃(Oh)₂) .

Hoʻokumu ia i ka wā e ʻike ʻia ai ke keleawe i ka makū a me ke kalapona kalapona no ka manawa lōʻihi. ʻAʻole ia he mea ʻino—pale maoli ia i ka metala.

He palau keleawe i ka wai paakai?

ʻAʻole pulu ke keleawe, aka, e poino ana i ka wai paakai.

Hiki i nā keleawe-zinc kiʻekiʻe ke hoʻopau i ka dezincification a me ka lua i loko o nā kaiapuni chloride. Ua makemake ʻia nā keleawe silikoni a me nā keleawe no nā noi kai.

Hiki ke keleawe e like me ka hao?

ʻAʻole. ʻO ka'ōpala ka mea kiko'ī i ka hao a me kona mau'āpana (Kukui Kekuhi, hae hao). ʻAʻohe hao i ke keleawe (koe wale no me ke ano haumia), no laila ʻaʻole hiki ke hana i ka lepo.

Pehea wau e wehe ai i ka ʻino ʻōmaʻomaʻo mai ke keleawe?

No ka patina ʻōmaʻomaʻo māmā, e hoʻohana i ka poli keleawe kalepa a i ʻole ka hui ʻana o ka wai lemon a me ka paʻakai.

No ka ʻinoʻino kaumaha a pitted paha, ʻoihana hoʻomaʻemaʻe a hoʻopaʻa (me BTA) pono paha.

ʻeleʻele ke keleawe?

ʻAe. I loko o nā lewa ʻenehana i loaʻa nā pūhui sulfur, hana ke keleawe i kiʻiʻoniʻoni keleawe ʻeleʻele hina. ʻO kēia ke ʻano o ka ʻeleʻele, ʻaʻole ʻōpala.