1. Hōʻikeʻike
ʻO ke kila kekahi o nā mea ʻenehana i hoʻohana nui ʻia ma ka honua, a ʻo kona mānoanoa kekahi o nā waiwai kino koʻikoʻi e pili ana i ke koho ʻana, i hoʻolālā ʻia, hoʻopioʻia, a noi.
Pili ka nui i ka nuipa, inertia, uku lawe, ukana hoʻolālā, hana lawelawe, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu ma luna o ke ola o kahi huahana.
No kēia kumu, ʻAʻole ʻo ka mānoanoa o ke kila he helu helu helu waiwai. He kumu hoʻohālike kumu.
2. He aha ke ʻano o ka Density i ka ʻenekinia Materials
Ma ka ʻenehana waiwai, huakai wehewehe i ka nui o ka nuipaʻa i loko o ka leo o kekahi mea.
ʻO ia kekahi o nā waiwai koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi no ka mea e haʻi ana i nā ʻenekinia pehea ka "compact" o kahi mea ma ka pae atomic a macroscopic..
Ke kaumaha a paʻa ka mea e like me ke kila no ka mea ua hoʻopili ʻia ka nui o nā mea i loko o kahi wahi liʻiliʻi, ʻo ia ke kumu i loaʻa ai ka mānoanoa kiʻekiʻe.
Hōʻike ʻia ka pilina e ka hoʻohālikelike kumu:
ʻAiʻa = Mass / Volume
Oole, ma ke ano hoailona:
ρ = m / V
IA MEA:
- r = mānoanoa
- m = lehulehu
- V = leo
Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka Density i nā ʻāpana e like me g / cm³ Oole kg / m³ i ka ʻōnaehana metric, a lb / in³ Oole lb/ft³ ma nā ʻāpana imperial.
Mai kahi hananaʻenehana, ʻo ka mānoanoa he waiwai ikaika. 'O ia ho'i, 'a'ole e loli kona waiwai ma muli wale nō o ka ho'ololi 'ana o nā mea waiwai.
ʻO kahi ʻāpana kila liʻiliʻi a me kahi pā kila nui ka like like, ʻoiai he ʻokoʻa loa ko lākou nuipa. He aha nā mea hoʻololi i ka nui o nā mea, ʻaʻole ka paʻa ponoʻī.
ʻO ia ke kumu he mea nui ka density i ka hoʻolālā a me ke koho ʻana i nā mea.
Pili ia i ke kaumaha, inertia, uku lawe, hoʻouka hale, a me ka pono holoʻokoʻa, akā, he mea paʻa mau ia me ka nānā ʻole i ka nui o ka hapa.
3. ʻO ke kila maʻamau maʻamau
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā kalapona kalapona a me nā kila haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa loaʻa ka mānoanoa i ka laulā o 7.75 i 8.05 g / cm³, me 7.85 g / cm³ hoʻohana pinepine ʻia e like me ka waiwai kuhikuhi maʻamau. Ma ka ʻōlelo SI, ʻaneʻane kēia 7,850 kg / m³.
ʻAʻole pili kēlā waiwai. ʻOkoʻa iki nā māka like ʻole o ke kila ma muli o nā mea hoʻohuihui, haku mele, a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka mōʻaukala i nā manaʻo like ʻole.
Nā mea kanu lāʻau, ʻo kahi laʻana, Hiki ke hāʻule iki ma luna a ma lalo paha o ka kuhikuhi carbon-steel maʻamau ma muli o ka haku mele ʻana.

4. No ke aha e ʻokoʻa ai ka mānoanoa kila
ʻAʻole hoʻokahi mea kila. He ʻohana ia o nā mea hao, a me nā loli ma muli o ka haku mele ʻana a me ke ʻano.
NA MANAOLO DOLIAMERA
Pili iki ka maʻiʻo kalapona no ka mea he liʻiliʻi ke kalapona. Akā naʻe,, ke hāʻawi mau nei i nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā māka.
I ka nui o na hihia kupono, ʻAʻole ʻo ka maʻiʻo kalapona ka mea hoʻokele nui o ka hoʻololi ʻana, akā he ʻāpana ia o ke koena haku mele holoʻokoʻa.
Nā mea'ē aʻe
Hiki ke hoʻokiʻekiʻe a hoʻohaʻahaʻa paha nā mea hoʻohui ma muli o ko lākou nui atomic a me ka ʻike.
Nā mea e like me ka chromium, nickel, mang kāne, Mybrideum, vanadium, a hoʻololi ka tungsten i ka mānoanoa o ka huila hope.
I nā mea kanu lāʻau, ʻo kahi laʻana, Hiki i ka nickel a me ka chromium ke hoʻololi iki i ka nui i luna a i lalo paha e pili ana i ke kila kalapona.
Moloka
Hiki ke ʻokoʻa maʻalahi ka mānoanoa kila me ka hoʻolālā pae. Ferrite, austentes, Martissite, a ʻaʻole like ka bainite i nā ʻātoma a pau.
He liʻiliʻi nā ʻokoʻa, akā ma ka ʻenekinia pololei hiki iā lākou ke koʻikoʻi.
Ke kūlana wela a me ka pae
Hoʻololi ka Density me ka mahana. E like me ka wela o ke kila, hoonui ia, a ke emi nei kona paʻa.
Pili kēia i ka hoʻolei ʻana, Kākau, ʻO ka mālama wela, a lawelawe kiʻekiʻe. I ka wela kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka leo kila no ka nui like.
5. ʻO ka mānoanoa o nā ʻohana kila maʻamau
No ke kūlike, 'ōlelo nā māka maʻamau ua hoikeia ma U.S. kapa inoa e like me AISI / SAE, Hosm, a me nā mea like kālepa maʻamau.
ʻO nā kumu waiwai ma lalo nei, ʻo ia nā densities wela lumi lumi i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻohālikelike ʻenekinia a me ke koho ʻana i nā mea.
ʻO ka mānoanoa kila
ʻAihue kīwī he ʻohana hao-kāpona hao me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o nā mea hoʻohuihui.
He ʻokoʻa iki kona mānoanoa ma waena o nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa., kumapana-, a me nā māka kalapona kiʻekiʻe, akā, pono mau ke au i ka hana hoʻolālā: i ka piʻi ʻana o ke kalapona, emi iki ka paʻakai.
| Huina kila | Nā Papa maʻamau | Huakai (g / cm³) | Huakai (kg / m³) | Huakai (lb / in³) |
| Kekuhi Kahule haʻahaʻa | AISI 1010, AISI 1018, AISI 1020 | 7.85 | 7850 | 0.2836 |
| Ke kila kiladi | AISI 1045, AISI 1050, AISI 1055 | 7.84 | 7840 | 0.2832 |
| Ke kila kila kiʻekiʻe | AISI 1080, AISI 1090, AISI 1095 | 7.83 | 7830 | 0.2828 |
Kiekie-ikaika Haahaa-Alloy Structural Steel (Hsla) Huakai
Hoʻoikaika ʻia nā kila HSLA me nā mea hoʻohui liʻiliʻi o ka manganese, Chromium, Mybrideum, nihibium, vanadium, a i ʻole nā mea pili.
Kokoke loa ko lākou mānoanoa me ke kila kalapona maʻamau, no laila ka ʻokoʻa hoʻolālā mai ka ikaika a me ka paʻakikī ma mua o ke kaumaha.
| Huina kila | Nā Papa maʻamau | Huakai (g / cm³) | Huakai (kg / m³) | Huakai (lb / in³) |
| HSLA Steel | ASTM A572 Gr 50, ASTM A992, ASTM A588 | 7.85 | 7850 | 0.2836 |
| HSLA kila kila | AR400, AR450, AR500 | 7.82 | 7820 | 0.2825 |
| Cr-Mo Paʻi/Kōnaehana | AISI 4130, AISI 4140, AISI 8640 | 7.86 | 7860 | 0.2839 |
| ʻO ke kila kila | ASTM A588, ASTM A242 | 7.84 | 7840 | 0.2832 |
ʻOi aku ka nui o ke kila kila
Nā mea kanu lāʻau ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ke ʻano metallographic. Hoʻopili ʻia ko lākou density e ka chromium, nickel, Mybrideum, a me nā mea'ē aʻe'ē aʻe.

Ma waena o nā ʻohana kuhili, ʻO kahi kila kila Austetetitic loaʻa i ka mānoanoa kiʻekiʻe loa.
| Huina kila | Nā Papa maʻamau | Huakai (g / cm³) | Huakai (kg / m³) | Huakai (lb / in³) |
| ʻO kahi kila kila Austetetitic | AISI 304, AISI 304L | 7.93 | 7930 | 0.2865 |
| ʻO kahi kila kila Austetetitic | AISI 316, AISI 316l | 7.98 | 7980 | 0.2883 |
| SS Austenitic wela kiʻekiʻe | AISI 310s | 7.98 | 7980 | 0.2883 |
| ʻO ka mea kila ferritic | AISI 430, AISI 409 | 7.75 | 7750 | 0.2799 |
| Martelitic Vielless Steel | AISI 410, AISI 420, AISI 431 | 7.80 | 7800 | 0.2817 |
| ʻO ka kila kila fuplex | US S32205 (2205), Us s32750 (2507) | 7.81 | 7810 | 0.2820 |
Mea kila a me ke kila kiʻekiʻe
ʻO nā kila kila a me nā kila kiʻekiʻe ka nui o ka tungsten, Chromium, vanadium, a me ka corbat.
Hoʻonui kēia mau mea hoʻoheheʻe i ka nui e pili ana i nā kila maʻamau, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka wikiwiki a me nā kobalt-bearing māka.
| Huina kila | Nā Papa maʻamau | Huakai (g / cm³) | Huakai (kg / m³) | Huakai (lb / in³) |
| Paahana Kalapona | AISI T7, AISI T8, AISI T12 | 7.83 | 7830 | 0.2828 |
| Haʻahaʻa-Alloy Die Steel | AISI P20, AISI H13, AISI D2 | 7.85 | 7850 | 0.2836 |
| ʻO ka kila wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe | AISI M2, AISI M35, Aisi m42 | 8.15 | 8150 | 0.2942 |
| HSS e lawe ana i ka Cobalt | AISI T15, HS18-1-2-10 | 8.20 | 8200 | 0.2960 |
Kūikawā Kūikawā Steel Density
Hoʻolālā ʻia nā kila hana kūikawā no nā kūlana lawelawe kūikawā e like me ka mīkini manuahi, ʻO ke kū'ēʻana, kūkaha nui, a haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.
Hiki ke ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe ka nui o ko lākou mānoanoa mai nā kila maʻamau no ka mea, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻolālā alloy no kahi hana ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hana maʻamau..
| Huina kila | Nā Papa maʻamau | Huakai (g / cm³) | Huakai (kg / m³) | Huakai (lb / in³) |
| Alakaʻi ʻoki ʻoki manuahi | AISI 12l14, AISI 1215 | 7.97 | 7970 | 0.2879 |
| Kiekie-Chromium Heat-Resistant Steel | AISI 309, AISI 310s, AISI 446 | 7.90 | 7900 | 0.2854 |
| ʻO ke kila kila kila me ke kumu nikela | Incloy 800, Incoloy 800H | 8.06 | 8060 | 0.2910 |
| Haʻahaʻa-Māmā Hana kila | Kūikawā haʻahaʻa-density kila kila mākau | 7.70 | 7700 | 0.2781 |
| Kiekie-Density Counterweight Steel | Nā māka kila counterweight tungsten-alloy | 8.30 | 8300 | 0.2996 |
6. Pehea e pili ai ka Density i ka hoʻolālā a me ka hana ʻana
ʻAʻole he ana keʻena hana wale nō ka mānoanoa. Hoʻopili pololei ia i nā hoʻoholo ʻenekinia.

Ke kaumaha a me ka hoʻouka ʻana
ʻO ka hopena maopopo loa o ka paʻakai ke kaumaha. He kaola kila, kāʻei, ʻoi aku ke kaumaha o ka pā ma mua o ka hoʻolālā alumini like.
He mea pōʻino kēlā i ka lawe ʻana, AerERPPACE, nā roboticles, a i ʻole nā ʻōnaehana lawe lima. Akā naʻe,, ʻo ka nuipaʻa kiʻekiʻe hiki ke lilo i mea maikaʻi i kahi paʻa, hoʻopuʻu, a i ʻole inertia makemake ʻia.
Kaulike ʻoʻoleʻa-i-kaumaha
Paʻa ke kila, aka, he oolea. Ma nā noi he nui, ʻae nā mea ʻenekinia i ke kaumaha kiʻekiʻe no ka mea hiki i ke kila ke ʻae i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi no ka hana like.
I nā'ōlelo'ē aʻe, ʻAʻole hoʻoholo ka density wale nō inā pono ke kila. Hiki ke kaumaha ke kila ma ka leo, akā hiki nō ke hana maikaʻi ma ka hana ʻana i kēlā me kēia kumukūʻai.
ʻO ka halihali a me ka ikaika o ka ikehu
I nā kaʻa, ʻO nā mīkini, a me nā mea hoʻoneʻe, pili ka nui o ka wahie, ka wikiwiki, kaʻa ʻana, a me ka hiki ke kau uku.
Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā mea haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i ka wā e hoʻemi ʻia ka nui o nā pono hana pono. Eia nō naʻe, ʻO ke kila ka mea maʻamau no ka mea he mea waiwai a hilinaʻi hoʻi.
ʻO ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ka mīkini a me ka hana ʻana
Hoʻopili pū ka nui o ke kila i ka hana ʻana, hoʻolālā paʻa, ukana ukana, a me ka hooponopono hapa.
ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o nā ʻāpana kaumaha i ka neʻe ʻana a me ke kūlana, akā kōkua pinepine ko lākou rigidity i ka wā machining a welding. Hiki i ka nuipa ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka damping vibration i kekahi mau mīkini mīkini.
Inertia a me ka hana hoʻoikaika kino
I nā ʻōnaehana hoʻololi, pili ka pāpaʻi i ka manawa o ka inertia. ʻO kahi rotor kila ʻoi aku ka nui, lawai, a i ʻole ka diski e mālama i ka ikehu kinetic a ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka wikiwiki ma mua o kahi mea māmā.
Hiki ke kōkua a pilikia paha ma muli o ka noi.
7. Kūlike ʻole o ke ao holoʻokoʻa
Ka mua, lapaʻau 7.85 g/cm³ ma ke ʻano he paʻa paʻa no nā māka kila a pau i ka manaʻo nui o ke kaumaha o ke kila kalapona kiʻekiʻe., ʻoiai e hoʻohaʻahaʻa ana i ke kaumaha o ke kila kila.
ka lua, huikau ka manaʻo nui me ka nui, ka nānā ʻole ʻana i ka hemahema porosity o ke kila hoʻolei a alakaʻi i ka hoʻolālā haʻahaʻa pololei ʻole;
ke kolu, me ka mālama ʻole ʻana i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka maʻa wela no nā ʻāpana kila boiler kiʻekiʻe.
8. ʻO nā palena kūʻokoʻa o ka Density ma ke ʻano he hōʻailona hoʻoholo
ʻOiai he mea koʻikoʻi ke kiko no ka loiloi hana kila, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he maʻamau screening hoʻokahi: ʻAʻole like ke kila kila kiʻekiʻe.
Hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia ka paʻakikī a me ke kū anuanu o ke kila ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe ma muli o ka nui o nā mea hoʻohui; ʻO ke kila kila māmā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa hiki ke kaumaha i ka rigidity hapa e hoʻokō i nā pahuhopu māmā.
Ma ka hana ʻenekinia, pono e hoʻolikelike me ka paʻakikī, paʻakikī, pale ʻana i ka corrosion a me ka pale wela e hoʻopau i ke koho ʻana i nā mea āpau.
9. Hoʻohālikelike Density me nā mea ʻenehana ʻē aʻe
E maʻalahi ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ke kila ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mea ʻenehana maʻamau.
| Waiwai | Mea maʻamau (g / cm³) | Mea maʻamau (kg / m³) | Mea maʻamau (lb / in³) | Ka wehewehe ʻenekinia |
| Pākuʻi magnesium | 1.70–1.85 | 1700–1850 | 0.061–0.067 | Māmā loa, aka, haahaa ka ikaika a me ka oolea |
| Alluinum alloy | 2.65–2.80 | 2650-2800 | 0.096–0.101 | Māmā loa, hoʻohana nui ʻia no nā hoʻolālā paona |
| Pākuʻi Titanium | 4.40–4.60 | 4400–4600 | 0.159–0.166 | Māmā ma mua o ke kila, akā ʻoi aku ka ikaika o kēlā me kēia paona |
| Hae hao | 6.90–7.30 | 6900–7300 | 0.249–0.264 | ʻOi iki ka mānoanoa ma mua o ke kila, Akā hou akuʻo Brittle |
| ʻAihue kīwī | 7.75–7.85 | 7750–7850 | 0.280–0.284 | ʻO nā mea hana maʻamau maʻamau |
Kila kohu ʻole |
7.70–8.00 | 7700–8000 | 0.278–0.289 | Ua like a i ʻole ʻoi aku ka ʻoi aʻe ma mua o ke kila kalapona |
| Liulaala | 8.85–8.95 | 8850–8950 | 0.320–0.323 | ʻOi aku ke kaumaha ma mua o ke kila, ʻO ka hana maikaʻi loa |
| Keihei | 8.40–8.75 | 8400–8750 | 0.304–0.316 | Kaumaha akā maʻalahi, hiʻona maikaʻi a me ka machinability |
| Nickel alloys | 8.20–8.90 | 8200–8900 | 0.296–0.321 | Huakai, hoʻohana ʻia i ka wā e pono ai ka hana wela a i ʻole ka corrosion |
| Tungsten | 19.0–19.3 | 19000–19300 | 0.686–0.697 | Paʻa loa, hoʻohana ʻia i nā counterweights, kūlā, a me nā noi kiʻekiʻe |
10. Hopena
A puni ka mānoanoa o ke kila 7.85 g / cm³, akā, ʻokoʻa ka waiwai pololei me ka ʻohana alloy, moloka, a me ke ana.
ʻOi aku ka mea nui, ʻAʻole waiwai kaʻawale ka mānoanoa. Pili ia me ka ikaika, luhi, Kālā, Ke kū'ē neiʻo Corrosionion, hana ailihua, a me ka hana lawelawe.
ʻO ke kila kekahi o nā mea ʻenekinia koʻikoʻi ma muli o ka noho ʻana o kona mānoanoa ma kahi ʻāina waena: kaumaha nui e hāʻawi i ka ʻoʻoleʻa, kūlākuai, a me ka ikaika nui, akā, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana a me ka ʻoihana.
No nā mea hoʻolālā, ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka paʻa kila, ʻo ia ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka hopena o ka nuipa i ka ʻōnaehana holoʻokoʻa, mai ka hana a me ka lawe ʻana i ka hana a me ke kumukūʻai ola.
FaqS
No ke aha ke kila nui?
No ka mea, he mea hao ia me ka paʻa paʻa paʻa ʻana o ka atomic a me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe koʻikoʻi i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā metala māmā..
Hoʻopili ka paʻa i ka ikaika kila?
ʻAʻole pololei. ʻO ka Density a me ka ikaika he mau waiwai likeʻole, ʻoiai ua pili lāua i nā hoʻoholo hoʻolālā.
ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kila haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa?
ʻAʻole. Hiki i ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ke kōkua i ka hōʻemi i ke kaumaha, akā, pili ka mea maikaʻi i ka ikaika, luhi, Kālā, Ke kū'ē neiʻo Corrosionion, a me nā pono noi.
Pehea e hoʻohālikelike ai ke kila me ka aluminika?
ʻOi aku ka paʻa o ke kila a ʻoi aku ka ikaika ma ka hoʻohana nui ʻana, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka māmā a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka alumini no nā hoʻolālā paona.
Hoʻololi ka mahana i ka nui kila?
ʻAe. E kū ana ka mahana, hoʻonui ke kila a emi iki ka paʻa.



