ʻO ka mānoanoa o ke kila

ʻO ka mānoanoa o ke kila: He aha ia a me ke kumu o ia mea

1. Hōʻikeʻike

ʻO ke kila kekahi o nā mea ʻenehana i hoʻohana nui ʻia ma ka honua, a ʻo kona mānoanoa kekahi o nā waiwai kino koʻikoʻi e pili ana i ke koho ʻana, i hoʻolālā ʻia, hoʻopioʻia, a noi.

Pili ka nui i ka nuipa, inertia, uku lawe, ukana hoʻolālā, hana lawelawe, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu ma luna o ke ola o kahi huahana.

No kēia kumu, ʻAʻole ʻo ka mānoanoa o ke kila he helu helu helu waiwai. He kumu hoʻohālike kumu.

2. He aha ke ʻano o ka Density i ka ʻenekinia Materials

Ma ka ʻenehana waiwai, huakai wehewehe i ka nui o ka nuipaʻa i loko o ka leo o kekahi mea.

ʻO ia kekahi o nā waiwai koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi no ka mea e haʻi ana i nā ʻenekinia pehea ka "compact" o kahi mea ma ka pae atomic a macroscopic..

Ke kaumaha a paʻa ka mea e like me ke kila no ka mea ua hoʻopili ʻia ka nui o nā mea i loko o kahi wahi liʻiliʻi, ʻo ia ke kumu i loaʻa ai ka mānoanoa kiʻekiʻe.

Hōʻike ʻia ka pilina e ka hoʻohālikelike kumu:

ʻAiʻa = Mass / Volume

Oole, ma ke ano hoailona:

ρ = m / V

IA MEA:

  • r = mānoanoa
  • m = lehulehu
  • V = leo

Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka Density i nā ʻāpana e like me g / cm³ Oole kg / m³ i ka ʻōnaehana metric, a lb / in³ Oole lb/ft³ ma nā ʻāpana imperial.

Mai kahi hananaʻenehana, ʻo ka mānoanoa he waiwai ikaika. 'O ia ho'i, 'a'ole e loli kona waiwai ma muli wale nō o ka ho'ololi 'ana o nā mea waiwai.

ʻO kahi ʻāpana kila liʻiliʻi a me kahi pā kila nui ka like like, ʻoiai he ʻokoʻa loa ko lākou nuipa. He aha nā mea hoʻololi i ka nui o nā mea, ʻaʻole ka paʻa ponoʻī.

ʻO ia ke kumu he mea nui ka density i ka hoʻolālā a me ke koho ʻana i nā mea.

Pili ia i ke kaumaha, inertia, uku lawe, hoʻouka hale, a me ka pono holoʻokoʻa, akā, he mea paʻa mau ia me ka nānā ʻole i ka nui o ka hapa.

3. ʻO ke kila maʻamau maʻamau

ʻO ka hapa nui o nā kalapona kalapona a me nā kila haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa loaʻa ka mānoanoa i ka laulā o 7.75 i 8.05 g / cm³, me 7.85 g / cm³ hoʻohana pinepine ʻia e like me ka waiwai kuhikuhi maʻamau. Ma ka ʻōlelo SI, ʻaneʻane kēia 7,850 kg / m³.

ʻAʻole pili kēlā waiwai. ʻOkoʻa iki nā māka like ʻole o ke kila ma muli o nā mea hoʻohuihui, haku mele, a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka mōʻaukala i nā manaʻo like ʻole.

Nā mea kanu lāʻau, ʻo kahi laʻana, Hiki ke hāʻule iki ma luna a ma lalo paha o ka kuhikuhi carbon-steel maʻamau ma muli o ka haku mele ʻana.

Mea kila
Mea kila

4. No ke aha e ʻokoʻa ai ka mānoanoa kila

ʻAʻole hoʻokahi mea kila. He ʻohana ia o nā mea hao, a me nā loli ma muli o ka haku mele ʻana a me ke ʻano.

NA MANAOLO DOLIAMERA

Pili iki ka maʻiʻo kalapona no ka mea he liʻiliʻi ke kalapona. Akā naʻe,, ke hāʻawi mau nei i nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā māka.

I ka nui o na hihia kupono, ʻAʻole ʻo ka maʻiʻo kalapona ka mea hoʻokele nui o ka hoʻololi ʻana, akā he ʻāpana ia o ke koena haku mele holoʻokoʻa.

Nā mea'ē aʻe

Hiki ke hoʻokiʻekiʻe a hoʻohaʻahaʻa paha nā mea hoʻohui ma muli o ko lākou nui atomic a me ka ʻike.

Nā mea e like me ka chromium, nickel, mang kāne, Mybrideum, vanadium, a hoʻololi ka tungsten i ka mānoanoa o ka huila hope.

I nā mea kanu lāʻau, ʻo kahi laʻana, Hiki i ka nickel a me ka chromium ke hoʻololi iki i ka nui i luna a i lalo paha e pili ana i ke kila kalapona.

Moloka

Hiki ke ʻokoʻa maʻalahi ka mānoanoa kila me ka hoʻolālā pae. Ferrite, austentes, Martissite, a ʻaʻole like ka bainite i nā ʻātoma a pau.

He liʻiliʻi nā ʻokoʻa, akā ma ka ʻenekinia pololei hiki iā lākou ke koʻikoʻi.

Ke kūlana wela a me ka pae

Hoʻololi ka Density me ka mahana. E like me ka wela o ke kila, hoonui ia, a ke emi nei kona paʻa.

Pili kēia i ka hoʻolei ʻana, Kākau, ʻO ka mālama wela, a lawelawe kiʻekiʻe. I ka wela kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka leo kila no ka nui like.

5. ʻO ka mānoanoa o nā ʻohana kila maʻamau

No ke kūlike, 'ōlelo nā māka maʻamau ua hoikeia ma U.S. kapa inoa e like me AISI / SAE, Hosm, a me nā mea like kālepa maʻamau.

ʻO nā kumu waiwai ma lalo nei, ʻo ia nā densities wela lumi lumi i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻohālikelike ʻenekinia a me ke koho ʻana i nā mea.

ʻO ka mānoanoa kila

ʻAihue kīwī he ʻohana hao-kāpona hao me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o nā mea hoʻohuihui.

He ʻokoʻa iki kona mānoanoa ma waena o nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa., kumapana-, a me nā māka kalapona kiʻekiʻe, akā, pono mau ke au i ka hana hoʻolālā: i ka piʻi ʻana o ke kalapona, emi iki ka paʻakai.

Huina kila Nā Papa maʻamau Huakai (g / cm³) Huakai (kg / m³) Huakai (lb / in³)
Kekuhi Kahule haʻahaʻa AISI 1010, AISI 1018, AISI 1020 7.85 7850 0.2836
Ke kila kiladi AISI 1045, AISI 1050, AISI 1055 7.84 7840 0.2832
Ke kila kila kiʻekiʻe AISI 1080, AISI 1090, AISI 1095 7.83 7830 0.2828

Kiekie-ikaika Haahaa-Alloy Structural Steel (Hsla) Huakai

Hoʻoikaika ʻia nā kila HSLA me nā mea hoʻohui liʻiliʻi o ka manganese, Chromium, Mybrideum, nihibium, vanadium, a i ʻole nā ​​mea pili.

Kokoke loa ko lākou mānoanoa me ke kila kalapona maʻamau, no laila ka ʻokoʻa hoʻolālā mai ka ikaika a me ka paʻakikī ma mua o ke kaumaha.

Huina kila Nā Papa maʻamau Huakai (g / cm³) Huakai (kg / m³) Huakai (lb / in³)
HSLA Steel ASTM A572 Gr 50, ASTM A992, ASTM A588 7.85 7850 0.2836
HSLA kila kila AR400, AR450, AR500 7.82 7820 0.2825
Cr-Mo Paʻi/Kōnaehana AISI 4130, AISI 4140, AISI 8640 7.86 7860 0.2839
ʻO ke kila kila ASTM A588, ASTM A242 7.84 7840 0.2832

ʻOi aku ka nui o ke kila kila

Nā mea kanu lāʻau ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ke ʻano metallographic. Hoʻopili ʻia ko lākou density e ka chromium, nickel, Mybrideum, a me nā mea'ē aʻe'ē aʻe.

ʻO keʻano o ka kila kila
ʻO keʻano o ka kila kila

Ma waena o nā ʻohana kuhili, ʻO kahi kila kila Austetetitic loaʻa i ka mānoanoa kiʻekiʻe loa.

Huina kila Nā Papa maʻamau Huakai (g / cm³) Huakai (kg / m³) Huakai (lb / in³)
ʻO kahi kila kila Austetetitic AISI 304, AISI 304L 7.93 7930 0.2865
ʻO kahi kila kila Austetetitic AISI 316, AISI 316l 7.98 7980 0.2883
SS Austenitic wela kiʻekiʻe AISI 310s 7.98 7980 0.2883
ʻO ka mea kila ferritic AISI 430, AISI 409 7.75 7750 0.2799
Martelitic Vielless Steel AISI 410, AISI 420, AISI 431 7.80 7800 0.2817
ʻO ka kila kila fuplex US S32205 (2205), Us s32750 (2507) 7.81 7810 0.2820

Mea kila a me ke kila kiʻekiʻe

ʻO nā kila kila a me nā kila kiʻekiʻe ka nui o ka tungsten, Chromium, vanadium, a me ka corbat.

Hoʻonui kēia mau mea hoʻoheheʻe i ka nui e pili ana i nā kila maʻamau, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka wikiwiki a me nā kobalt-bearing māka.

Huina kila Nā Papa maʻamau Huakai (g / cm³) Huakai (kg / m³) Huakai (lb / in³)
Paahana Kalapona AISI T7, AISI T8, AISI T12 7.83 7830 0.2828
Haʻahaʻa-Alloy Die Steel AISI P20, AISI H13, AISI D2 7.85 7850 0.2836
ʻO ka kila wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe AISI M2, AISI M35, Aisi m42 8.15 8150 0.2942
HSS e lawe ana i ka Cobalt AISI T15, HS18-1-2-10 8.20 8200 0.2960

Kūikawā Kūikawā Steel Density

Hoʻolālā ʻia nā kila hana kūikawā no nā kūlana lawelawe kūikawā e like me ka mīkini manuahi, ʻO ke kū'ēʻana, kūkaha nui, a haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.

Hiki ke ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe ka nui o ko lākou mānoanoa mai nā kila maʻamau no ka mea, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻolālā alloy no kahi hana ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hana maʻamau..

Huina kila Nā Papa maʻamau Huakai (g / cm³) Huakai (kg / m³) Huakai (lb / in³)
Alakaʻi ʻoki ʻoki manuahi AISI 12l14, AISI 1215 7.97 7970 0.2879
Kiekie-Chromium Heat-Resistant Steel AISI 309, AISI 310s, AISI 446 7.90 7900 0.2854
ʻO ke kila kila kila me ke kumu nikela Incloy 800, Incoloy 800H 8.06 8060 0.2910
Haʻahaʻa-Māmā Hana kila Kūikawā haʻahaʻa-density kila kila mākau 7.70 7700 0.2781
Kiekie-Density Counterweight Steel Nā māka kila counterweight tungsten-alloy 8.30 8300 0.2996

6. Pehea e pili ai ka Density i ka hoʻolālā a me ka hana ʻana

ʻAʻole he ana keʻena hana wale nō ka mānoanoa. Hoʻopili pololei ia i nā hoʻoholo ʻenekinia.

Nā ʻāpana kila kila
Nā ʻāpana kila kila

Ke kaumaha a me ka hoʻouka ʻana

ʻO ka hopena maopopo loa o ka paʻakai ke kaumaha. He kaola kila, kāʻei, ʻoi aku ke kaumaha o ka pā ma mua o ka hoʻolālā alumini like.

He mea pōʻino kēlā i ka lawe ʻana, AerERPPACE, nā roboticles, a i ʻole nā ​​ʻōnaehana lawe lima. Akā naʻe,, ʻo ka nuipaʻa kiʻekiʻe hiki ke lilo i mea maikaʻi i kahi paʻa, hoʻopuʻu, a i ʻole inertia makemake ʻia.

Kaulike ʻoʻoleʻa-i-kaumaha

Paʻa ke kila, aka, he oolea. Ma nā noi he nui, ʻae nā mea ʻenekinia i ke kaumaha kiʻekiʻe no ka mea hiki i ke kila ke ʻae i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi no ka hana like.

I nā'ōlelo'ē aʻe, ʻAʻole hoʻoholo ka density wale nō inā pono ke kila. Hiki ke kaumaha ke kila ma ka leo, akā hiki nō ke hana maikaʻi ma ka hana ʻana i kēlā me kēia kumukūʻai.

ʻO ka halihali a me ka ikaika o ka ikehu

I nā kaʻa, ʻO nā mīkini, a me nā mea hoʻoneʻe, pili ka nui o ka wahie, ka wikiwiki, kaʻa ʻana, a me ka hiki ke kau uku.

Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā mea haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i ka wā e hoʻemi ʻia ka nui o nā pono hana pono. Eia nō naʻe, ʻO ke kila ka mea maʻamau no ka mea he mea waiwai a hilinaʻi hoʻi.

ʻO ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ka mīkini a me ka hana ʻana

Hoʻopili pū ka nui o ke kila i ka hana ʻana, hoʻolālā paʻa, ukana ukana, a me ka hooponopono hapa.

ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o nā ʻāpana kaumaha i ka neʻe ʻana a me ke kūlana, akā kōkua pinepine ko lākou rigidity i ka wā machining a welding. Hiki i ka nuipa ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka damping vibration i kekahi mau mīkini mīkini.

Inertia a me ka hana hoʻoikaika kino

I nā ʻōnaehana hoʻololi, pili ka pāpaʻi i ka manawa o ka inertia. ʻO kahi rotor kila ʻoi aku ka nui, lawai, a i ʻole ka diski e mālama i ka ikehu kinetic a ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka wikiwiki ma mua o kahi mea māmā.

Hiki ke kōkua a pilikia paha ma muli o ka noi.

7. Kūlike ʻole o ke ao holoʻokoʻa

Ka mua, lapaʻau 7.85 g/cm³ ma ke ʻano he paʻa paʻa no nā māka kila a pau i ka manaʻo nui o ke kaumaha o ke kila kalapona kiʻekiʻe., ʻoiai e hoʻohaʻahaʻa ana i ke kaumaha o ke kila kila.

ka lua, huikau ka manaʻo nui me ka nui, ka nānā ʻole ʻana i ka hemahema porosity o ke kila hoʻolei a alakaʻi i ka hoʻolālā haʻahaʻa pololei ʻole;

ke kolu, me ka mālama ʻole ʻana i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka maʻa wela no nā ʻāpana kila boiler kiʻekiʻe.

8. ʻO nā palena kūʻokoʻa o ka Density ma ke ʻano he hōʻailona hoʻoholo

ʻOiai he mea koʻikoʻi ke kiko no ka loiloi hana kila, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he maʻamau screening hoʻokahi: ʻAʻole like ke kila kila kiʻekiʻe.

Hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia ka paʻakikī a me ke kū anuanu o ke kila ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe ma muli o ka nui o nā mea hoʻohui; ʻO ke kila kila māmā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa hiki ke kaumaha i ka rigidity hapa e hoʻokō i nā pahuhopu māmā.

Ma ka hana ʻenekinia, pono e hoʻolikelike me ka paʻakikī, paʻakikī, pale ʻana i ka corrosion a me ka pale wela e hoʻopau i ke koho ʻana i nā mea āpau.

9. Hoʻohālikelike Density me nā mea ʻenehana ʻē aʻe

E maʻalahi ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ke kila ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mea ʻenehana maʻamau.

Waiwai Mea maʻamau (g / cm³) Mea maʻamau (kg / m³) Mea maʻamau (lb / in³) Ka wehewehe ʻenekinia
Pākuʻi magnesium 1.70–1.85 1700–1850 0.061–0.067 Māmā loa, aka, haahaa ka ikaika a me ka oolea
Alluinum alloy 2.65–2.80 2650-2800 0.096–0.101 Māmā loa, hoʻohana nui ʻia no nā hoʻolālā paona
Pākuʻi Titanium 4.40–4.60 4400–4600 0.159–0.166 Māmā ma mua o ke kila, akā ʻoi aku ka ikaika o kēlā me kēia paona
Hae hao 6.90–7.30 6900–7300 0.249–0.264 ʻOi iki ka mānoanoa ma mua o ke kila, Akā hou akuʻo Brittle
ʻAihue kīwī 7.75–7.85 7750–7850 0.280–0.284 ʻO nā mea hana maʻamau maʻamau
Kila kohu ʻole
7.70–8.00 7700–8000 0.278–0.289 Ua like a i ʻole ʻoi aku ka ʻoi aʻe ma mua o ke kila kalapona
Liulaala 8.85–8.95 8850–8950 0.320–0.323 ʻOi aku ke kaumaha ma mua o ke kila, ʻO ka hana maikaʻi loa
Keihei 8.40–8.75 8400–8750 0.304–0.316 Kaumaha akā maʻalahi, hiʻona maikaʻi a me ka machinability
Nickel alloys 8.20–8.90 8200–8900 0.296–0.321 Huakai, hoʻohana ʻia i ka wā e pono ai ka hana wela a i ʻole ka corrosion
Tungsten 19.0–19.3 19000–19300 0.686–0.697 Paʻa loa, hoʻohana ʻia i nā counterweights, kūlā, a me nā noi kiʻekiʻe

10. Hopena

A puni ka mānoanoa o ke kila 7.85 g / cm³, akā, ʻokoʻa ka waiwai pololei me ka ʻohana alloy, moloka, a me ke ana.

ʻOi aku ka mea nui, ʻAʻole waiwai kaʻawale ka mānoanoa. Pili ia me ka ikaika, luhi, Kālā, Ke kū'ē neiʻo Corrosionion, hana ailihua, a me ka hana lawelawe.

ʻO ke kila kekahi o nā mea ʻenekinia koʻikoʻi ma muli o ka noho ʻana o kona mānoanoa ma kahi ʻāina waena: kaumaha nui e hāʻawi i ka ʻoʻoleʻa, kūlākuai, a me ka ikaika nui, akā, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana a me ka ʻoihana.

No nā mea hoʻolālā, ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka paʻa kila, ʻo ia ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka hopena o ka nuipa i ka ʻōnaehana holoʻokoʻa, mai ka hana a me ka lawe ʻana i ka hana a me ke kumukūʻai ola.

 

FaqS

No ke aha ke kila nui?

No ka mea, he mea hao ia me ka paʻa paʻa paʻa ʻana o ka atomic a me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe koʻikoʻi i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā metala māmā..

Hoʻopili ka paʻa i ka ikaika kila?

ʻAʻole pololei. ʻO ka Density a me ka ikaika he mau waiwai likeʻole, ʻoiai ua pili lāua i nā hoʻoholo hoʻolālā.

ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kila haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa?

ʻAʻole. Hiki i ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ke kōkua i ka hōʻemi i ke kaumaha, akā, pili ka mea maikaʻi i ka ikaika, luhi, Kālā, Ke kū'ē neiʻo Corrosionion, a me nā pono noi.

Pehea e hoʻohālikelike ai ke kila me ka aluminika?

ʻOi aku ka paʻa o ke kila a ʻoi aku ka ikaika ma ka hoʻohana nui ʻana, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka māmā a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka alumini no nā hoʻolālā paona.

Hoʻololi ka mahana i ka nui kila?

ʻAe. E kū ana ka mahana, hoʻonui ke kila a emi iki ka paʻa.

E nānā i luna