1. Hōʻikeʻike
1.4762 kila kohu ʻole-ʻOiʻia e like me X10Craldi2 ma DIN / en Parlance a me AISI 446 a iʻoleʻole i ka S44600 maʻAmelika Hui PūʻIa-Hōʻike i kahi hana ferritic i manaʻoʻia no ka lawelawe kiʻekiʻe.
Hoʻohui ia i ka chromium kiʻekiʻe, aluminum, a me nā pae silinicon e hoʻokō ai i ka pale o ka oxidation o ka incidation resistivation a me ke kūpaʻa.
Ma kēiaʻatikala, Ua nānā mākou 1.4762 mai nā metallirgical, puiahuhu, Kekau, Apono, kaiualoa, a me nā manaʻo kūponoʻole.
2. Hoʻolaha i ka Aupuni Hemolele & Kū kūʻokoʻa
Ua kūkulu muaʻia ma nā makahiki 1960 e'ōlelo ai i ka hanaʻana i keʻano o ka hanaʻole i nā wahi umu, 1.4762 e kū mai ana ma keʻano he kumu kūpono-kūpono i nā alloys nellys.
- Din i ka hoʻololiʻana: ʻO ka hōʻike mua ma keʻano he Din X10cralsi22, Ua neʻeʻiaʻo ia ma ka en 10088-2:2005 E like me ka papa 1.4762 (X10cralsi22).
- Mahalo mahalo: ʻO ka Aisi / Adical Communint Accound i hana ia e like me AISI 446 (US S44600) ma lalo o ka ampm A240 / A240M no ka SCAYS-CRUE a me ke kāʻei kiʻekiʻe a me ka papa.
- Ka waiwai honua: I kēia mau lā, ʻO nā mea hana hoʻonāukiuki nui maʻEulopa a me Asia hāʻawi 1.4762 i nā hana e hele mai ana mai ka pale a me nā kaulahao i nā pahu a me nā pā.
3. Kinohi & Nā kumu itallirgical
ʻO ka hana kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana 1.4762 ʻO nā mea kila Steelless pololei mai kāna Chemistry maikaʻi loa.
I ke ʻano wae, ʻO ka chromiumd chromium, Hoʻohui pū a me nā pae alumini a me Silicon me nā palena palena ma ke kalaka, nitrogen a me nā mea'ē aʻe e hoʻoponopono ai i ka paleʻana o ka oxidation, ʻO ka ikaika ikaika a me ka lole.
| Mua | Nā manaʻo nominal (wt %) | Hana |
|---|---|---|
| Cr | 24.0-26.0 | Hana i kahi schange cr₂o₃, ʻO ka papa mua e kū'ē i ka hoʻoukaʻana i ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe. |
| AL | 0.8-1.5 | ʻO nā hoʻolaha i ka hanaʻana o ka al₂o₃ ma lalo o ke kaʻaila cyclic, hōʻemi i ka spallation scallation. |
| A | 0.5-1.0 | Hoʻopili i nā'ōkuhi kiko'ī a hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kū'ēʻana i ka hanaʻana i nā lewa. |
C |
≤ 0.08 | Mālama i ka haʻahaʻa e hōʻemi i ka chromium chromium carbide ma nā palena o ka palaoa. |
| Mn | ≤ 1.0 | Hana e like me ka deoxidizer ma ke kila i ke kila a me nā mea e hoʻopili ai austente austente. |
| P | ≤ 0.04 | Hoʻopaʻaʻia e pale aku i ka spisphide posppide, ʻO nā mea e embrittles ferritic ferritic. |
| S | ≤ 0.015 | Mālamaʻia ka liʻiliʻi e hōʻemi i nā hoʻopiliʻana, Ma muli o ka hoʻomaikaʻiʻana i ka destility a me ka paʻakikī. |
| N | ≤ 0.03 | Kāohi e pale i ka hopena nitride i hiki ke hiki i ka paleʻana o ka creep creep. |
Alyrece trupospony.
Ke hoʻololi nei i nā helu Ferritic mua, Ua hoʻonuiʻia nā mīkini hana ma luna 24 % E hoʻopaʻa i kahi kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi i ka blass.
I ke kumu, ka hoʻohui o 0.8-1.5 % Al e hōʻike i kahi hoʻololi kūpono: Uaʻoi aku ka nui o ka Alumina ma mua o Chromia i ka wā e loaʻa ai nā'āpana ma waena 600 ° C a 1 100 ° C.
ʻO Silcon hou aʻe i kēia hopena, Ke hoʻokūkū nei i ka hana o ka aila i kāwiliʻia a me ke kiaʻiʻana i ka hana carbon e hiki ai i nā mea e hiki i nā mea waiwai i nā'āpana hydrocarbon.
4. O ka kino & Nā mea like o 1.4762 Kila kohu ʻole
Nā Pūnaewele Pūnaewele
| Waiwai | Waiwai |
|---|---|
| Huakai | 7.40 g / cm³ |
| Hoʻohemo melū | 1 425-1 510 ° C |
| Ka HōʻaʻO Kokua (20 ° C) | ~ 25 W · m⁻¹ · ke⁻¹ |
| ʻO ka mana wela (20 ° C) | ~ 460 J · kg⁻¹ · ke Kg |
| Ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka | 11.5 × 10-K⁻¹ (20-800 ° C) |
| Modulus olasticity (20 ° C) | ~ 200 GPA |
- Huakai: A 7.40 g / cm³, 1.4762 ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o nā helu austetitic he nui, E hōʻemi ana i ka nui o ka personant me kaʻole o ke kaumahaʻole.
- Ka HōʻaʻO Kokua & Ka mana wela: Me keʻano e kokoke kokoke ana 25 W · m⁻¹ · k⁻¹ a me ka wela wela a puni 460 J · kg⁻¹ · ke Kg,
ʻO ka alloy absorbs a me nā mea e hōʻiliʻili ai i ka wela, ʻO ka mea e kōkua i ka paleʻana i nā wahi wela i nā lipings furnace. - Ka hoʻonuiʻana: ʻO kāna helu hōʻemi haʻahaʻa e koi ai i kaʻaeʻana i kaʻaeʻana i nā poʻe i huiʻia ma waena o ka mahana o ka lumi a 800 ° C; ka haʻaleleʻana i kēia hiki ke hoʻonāukiuki i nā kaumaha.
ʻO ka lumi o ka mahana
| Waiwai | ʻO ka waiwai kiko'ī |
|---|---|
| Ikaika ikaika | 500-600 mPA |
| Ka ikaika (0.2% Kahiki) | ≥ 280 Mpa |
| Elongation ma ka wā hoʻomaha | 18-25 % |
| Hālulu (Mau Kanaka Waiwai) | 180-220 Hb |
| ʻO ka hana hoʻohālike i ka paʻakikī (-40 ° C) | ≥ 30 J |
Ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe-kiʻekiʻe & Pale pale
| Keka ao (° C) | Ikaika ikaika (Mpa) | Ka ikaika (Mpa) | ʻO ka ikaika ikaika o Creep (100 000 huh) (Mpa) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 550 | ~ 300 | ~ 150 | ~ 90 |
| 650 | ~ 200 | ~ 100 | ~ 50 |
| 750 | ~ 150 | ~ 80 | ~ 30 |
ʻO ka momona a me keʻano o keʻano cycling
- ʻO ka momona haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa: Hōʻike nā hōʻike hōʻike i nā palena maʻi a puni 150 MPA a 20 ° C no 10 mau alapine. Eia hou, ʻO ka papa hana maikaʻiʻo Ferritic Matrix.
- Ke Kauka Kauka: ʻO ka alloy resists scall specation ma waena o nā haneli haneli o nā alaloa i waena o keʻano o ka ambient a 1 000 ° C, Mahalo i kāna mau'āpanaʻo Alumina-Alumina.
5. Kuupuiawi & ʻO ka pale oxidation
ʻO keʻano o keʻano o keʻanoʻoluʻolu
1.4762 E hoʻokō i ka paʻaʻana i ka paʻaʻana o ka hanaʻana ma o ka hoʻokumuʻana i kahi hana duplex:
- Loko o māla (Al₂o₃) Palapika
-
- Hoʻokumu: Ma waena o 600-900 ° C, ʻO ka Aluminim Direfs i waho e hana i ka hopena me ka oxygen, e hoʻohiolo i kahi'āpana, Ke hoʻomau neiʻo Al₂O₃.
- Pōmaikaʻi: Alumina Adtheres Manically i ka substrate, ʻO ka hōʻemi nuiʻana i ka spallation scallation ma lalo o ka cycling cycling.
- Hiter Chrisa (Cr₂o₃) a hui pūʻia
-
- Hoʻokumu: ʻO ka chromium ma ka papa o ka oxididies i cr₂o₃, nā mea nui a hoʻoikaika i ka alumina.
- Synergy: Pau, ʻO nā'emiʻelua e lohi i ka oxidation e hoʻopau i ka palena o ka oxygen igress a me nā mea kilokilo i waho.
ʻO ke kū'ēʻana o kahi kūwaho
ʻOiaiʻo Ferritic Steels maʻamau Trail austeticics i nā wahi chloride, 1.4762 hana e pili ana i ka piliʻole i nā momi acidc mediac:
| Kaʻona | Ka 'o 1.4762 |
|---|---|
| Wai wai (ph 6-8) | Hakahi, Minor Uniform Corrosion (< 0.02 mm / y) |
| Dille sulfuric acid (1 wt %, 25 ° C) | ʻO ka neʻeʻana o ka neʻeʻana o ka helu ~ 0.1 mm / y |
| Nā hoʻonā kino Kolili (Nacl, 3.5 wt %) | Ka nānāʻana i ke kū'ēʻana i keʻano o ka ≈ 17; ʻaʻohe mea e kū ana i 50 ° C |
6. Huahuai, Welding & ʻO ka mālama wela
Welding
- Nā hana: Tig (Gtaw) aʻoi aku ka makemake o Plasma e hōʻemi i ka ho'ēmiʻana i ka wela wela a e pale i ka palaoa palaoa.
E hoʻohana i nā mea hao pluler (E.g., Er409cb) a iʻole 309l no nā'ōpū o nā'āpana. - Kaumaha: Preheat i 150-200 ° C no nā'āpana mānoanoa (>10 mm) E hōʻemi i nā kumukūʻai maloʻo a pale aku i ka hoʻololiʻana ma Martenie, Hiki i ke kumu ke kuhi.
Post-weld annealling ma 750-800 ° e hoʻomaikaʻi i nā manawa kūpono.
Hana a me ka machining
- Keʻano anuanu: Loaʻa i ka ductility maikaʻi e kiʻi i keʻano haʻahaʻa a me ka leleʻana, ʻOiai ka hanaʻana i nā mea paʻakikī e hōʻikeʻia ma mua o nā mea kanu austetetical.
Pono e heluʻia nā hua'ōlelo no ka hoʻolālāʻana. - Ke hana wela: Forge a'ōwili paha ma 1000-1200 ° C, Me ka wikiwiki wikiwiki e pale ai i ka hoʻokumuʻana o Sigma (ʻO nā embrittles ka alloy ma 800-900 ° C).
- Machimen: Ma muli o ka matchinability ma muli o kānaʻano ferritic; E hoʻohana i nā kila wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe (Hss) nā mea hana me nā kihi rake maikaʻi a me nā mea nui loa e hoʻokele ai i ka mea e haʻalele ana i ka chip.
ʻO ka mālama wela
- Annalile: ʻO ka hoʻomaha hoʻomaha ma ka 700-800 ° C no 1-2 mau hola, ukali e ka ea o ka ea, E hoʻopau i nā kaumaha kūlohelohe mai ka hanaʻana a hoʻihoʻi i ka paʻa o ka dimensional.
- ʻAʻohe paʻakikī: E like me kahi kila ferritic, ʻAʻole ia e paʻakikī ma ka quanching; ʻO nā hoʻomaikaʻi ikaika e hilinaʻi nui i ka hana anuanu a iʻole nā loli hoʻololi (E.g., hoʻohui i ka titinium no ka paleʻana i ka palaoa).
7. Kālā papaaina & Pio ke pale
E hoʻonui i ke ola lawelawe i nāʻenehana hana nani, nā hana hana i hanaʻia i nā lāʻau lapaʻau i kuhikuhiʻia a me nā lole ma luna 1.4762 kila kohu ʻole.
ʻO nā hana lapaʻau pre -xication
Ma mua o ke kauʻana i nā'āpana i ka lawelawe, Hoʻokumuʻia ka hoʻokele muaʻana i kahi paʻa, ʻO nā olohā paʻa paʻa:
- Ke kaʻina hana: Nā'āpana wela i 800-900 ° C i ka lewa a iʻole ka momona oxygen-waiwai no 2-4 mau hola.
- Hopena: He lole like al₂o₃ / cr -o₃ duplex scale, hoʻemi i ka nui o ka nui ma mua e loaʻa ai 40 % I ka wā mua 100 h o na lawelawe lawelawe.
- Pōmaikaʻi: Ke nānā nei nāʻenehana 25 % Hōʻalo i ka spallation scallation i ka wā o nā sti cepid thermad (800 ° C ↔ 200 ° C), Ke hoʻomau nei nei i ka mālamaʻana.
Kaʻokoʻaʻana
ʻO ka diffusion aluminalizing e hoʻopau i nā alumini'ē aʻe i loko o ka wahi kokoke i ka wahi kokoke, Ke kūkulu nei i kahi papa inoa inoa inoaʻo Amuina:
- Kahi: E noho ana nā'āpana cementiation, Hoʻouna mua (Nh₄cl), a filler (Al₂o₃)-At 950-1 000 ° C no 6-8 H.
- Nā'Ipana Hana: Ua hōʻikeʻia nā coupons i mālamaʻia 60 % ka nui o ka loaʻaʻana o ka nui oxidation 1 000 ° C Over 1 000 H hoʻohālikelikeʻia i nā mea waiwaiʻole.
- Noonoo: E hoʻopili i kahi pākuhi pou-coat brit blast (Ra ≈ 1.0 }m) e hoʻonui i ka hoʻopiliʻana i ka hoʻopiliʻana a me ka hōʻemiʻana i nā kaumaha.
ʻO nā cemic a me nā moho
I ka nui o nā lawelawe lawelawe ma mua 1 000 ° C a iʻole i ka wā e hui pū aiʻo Mechanical e hui pū mexidation, Hāʻawi ka uhiʻana i nā pale overlay:
| ʻO keʻano overlay | Mānoanoa maʻamau | Kahua hoʻoiliʻana (° C) | Loaʻa nā kiʻi nui |
|---|---|---|---|
| Al ₂o₃ cemic | 50-200 μM | 1 000-1 200 | ʻO ka maikaʻi loa; Pūnaewele Kahiko |
| ʻO ka metallic maikaʻi loa | 100-300 μM | 800-1 100 | Ke kāʻiliʻana iāʻoe iho; maikaʻi maikaʻi |
| ʻO keʻano kiʻekiʻe | 50-150 μm | 900-1 300 | Ke kū'ē neiʻo Oxnidation Squidation; tailored cte |
Ke kū'ē nei i nā lole akamai
Nā mea noiʻi cutting-coused e pili ana i nā lole e hoʻololi i nā kūlana lawelawe:
- Nā papa hana pilikino: Hoʻohui hoʻohui iā miconecaps i alumini a silini paha e hoʻokuʻu i nā cracks, e hoʻoponopono hou i nā'ōpala pale i loko.
- Nā hōʻailona Thermochroic: EMBED Oxde Pigets e hoʻololi i ke kala i ka wā e hoʻonuiʻia nā mahana koʻikoʻi, e hiki ai i ka nānāʻana i kaʻikeʻikeʻole me kaʻoleʻole.
- Nano -ineed Topcoats: Hoʻohana iā Nanostructed i nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni cermic (< 1 }m) e hoʻolako i ka pale o ka'āpana a me ka paleʻana i ka pale me ka paona liʻiliʻi.
8. Nā noi o 1.4762 Kila kohu ʻole
Furnace a me nā lako hana wela
- ʻO nā tubes
- Hōʻano
- Furnace muffles
- Nā pahu Annealing
- Kākoʻo kākoʻo
ʻOihanaʻoihana petrochemical
- Hana hou
- Everlenene Cracking i nā'āpana huluhulu
- ʻO nā alaloa o Catalyst a kākoʻo
- ʻO nā pale wela i ka carburizing / sullidizing i nā wahi
Ka mana a me nā'ōnaehana hanana
- ʻO nā kiʻiʻo Superheter
- Hoʻopau i nā Ducts Gas
- Nā pilinaʻo Bailer
- Flue gasl
ʻO ka hana metala a me ka pulu
- Nā kumu lawehala
- Hoʻomau kū'ē kaua
- Kākoʻo kākoʻo
- Nā'āpana kiʻekiʻe
ʻO ke aniani a me keʻano hana
- Nā mea waiwai
- Burner nozzles
- ʻO ka'ōlaʻiʻo Termal Storation
ʻO nā noi automotive a me nā haʻawina
- Kaumaha-ikaika exhatull
- ʻO nā moules egr
- ʻO nā hale heʻe
9. 1.4762 vsa. ʻO nā alloys kiʻekiʻe-likeʻole
Ma lalo he papa hoʻohālikelike hoʻohālikelike e hoʻololi i nāʻano hana o 1.4762 kila kohu ʻole kū'ē i nā alloys kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe: 1.4845 (AISI 310s), 1.4541 (AISI 321), a Actoel 600.
| Waiwai / Kūlike | 1.4762 (AISI 446) | 1.4845 (AISI 310s) | 1.4541 (AISI 321) | Actoel 600 (US N06600) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ʻAno | Ferritic (Bcc) | Austetetitic (Fcc) | Austetetitic (Ka-stabilized) | Austetetitic (In-Base) |
| ʻO nā mea nui nui | CR ~ 25%, AL, A | CR ~ 25%, A ma ~ 20% | Cre ~ 17%, Ma ~ 9%, No | A ma ~ 72%, Cr ~ 16%, FE ~ 8% |
| E hoʻomau ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka max | ~ 950 ° C | ~ 1050 ° C | ~ 870 ° C | ~ 1100 ° C |
| ʻO ka pale oxidation | Kūpono (Cr₂o₃ + Al₂o₃) | Maikaʻi loa (Cr₂o₃) | Maikaʻi loa | Kūpono |
| ʻO ka paleʻana o ka laweʻana | High | Loli | Hoʻohaʻahaʻa | Kiʻekiʻe loa |
ʻO ke kū'ēʻana |
High | Loli | Loli | Kūpono |
| Pāuli @ 800 ° C | Loli | High | Hoʻohaʻahaʻa | Kiʻekiʻe loa |
| ʻO ke kūleʻaʻana o ke kalaʻana (SCC) | Kūʻole | Hiki i nā chrides | Hiki i nā chrides | Ke kū'ē nui loa |
| ʻO ka hana anuanu | Paʻa | Kūpono | Kūpono | Loli |
| Wawahua | Loli (Pono ka preheat) | Kūpono | Kūpono | Maikaʻi loa |
| ʻO ka paʻakikī o ka mea paʻakikī | Loli | ʻAʻaka | ʻAʻaka | Hoʻololi i ka paʻakikī |
| Kālā | Hoʻohaʻahaʻa | High | Loli | Kiʻekiʻe loa |
| Kūpono kūpono kūpono | Oxidizezing / Carburizing Air, Nā'āpana huluhulu | Nā'āpana kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe | Hanaʻia, nā'āpana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa | Ke hoʻoikaika koʻikoʻi & Kuupuiawi, >1000 ° C |
10. Hopena
1.4762 kila kohu ʻole (X10cralsi22, AISI 446) ʻO ka hanaʻana i nā hana hoʻoikaika waiwai nui me keʻano kiʻekiʻe o ka oxidation kiʻekiʻe.
Mai kahi kūlana metallirgical, ʻO kona mau hoa aloha cr-al-si chemistry i lalo o nā mea pale pale pale.
Inchunically, Mālama ia i ka ikaika a me ka pono 650 ° C No ka hapa nui o nā noi pili.
Atern, ʻO kāna kiʻi hou kiʻekiʻe me nā pahuhopu o nā makana, ʻOiaiʻo kāna kumukūʻai kumukūʻai ma luna o Nickel Alloys e hoʻopiʻi i nā hoʻopiʻi kālā i hoʻopaʻaʻia.
E nānā ana, nā mea hoʻonāukiuki ma nanoscale reinforcement, mea hoʻohuiʻaha,
a me nā mea hoʻopiʻi akamai e hoʻohiki e pana hou i kāna envelope hana hou aʻe, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo i kēlā 1.4762 Ke waiho nei i kahi koho kākau inoa no ka lawelawe kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe.
A ʻO kēia, Kū mākou i ka hui pū meʻoe i ka hoʻokuʻuʻana i kēia mau loea holomua e hoʻomaikaʻi i kāu mau hoʻolālā hoʻonohonoho, Koho Koho, Apia hanaa.
Ke hōʻoia nei eʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kāu papahana eʻoi aku i kēlā me kēia hana a me nā mea hoʻokele.
