1. Zavedenie
1.6582/34CrNiMo6 is a robust legovanej ocele known for its exceptional mechanical properties and versatility across demanding industries.
This steel grade is designed to meet the rigorous demands of sectors where high performance, trvanlivosť, and reliability are crucial.
With its combination of chróm (Cr), nikel (V), a molybdén (Mí), 1.6582/34CrNiMo6 excels in únava, impact strength, a odpor.
As industries continue to push for materials that offer both performance and longevity, zliatinové ocele like 1.6582/34CrNiMo6 are gaining increasing importance.
From letectvo a automotive manufacturing do energia a strojové zariadenie, this material is integral in producing critical components that operate under stress.
V tomto blogu, we will explore the essential vlastnosti, žiadosti, and benefits of 1.6582/34CrNiMo6,
offering a comprehensive overview of why this alloy is preferred in various high-performance applications.
2. What is 1.6582/34CrNiMo6 Alloy Steel?
1.6582/34CrNiMo6 is a medium-carbon, legovanej ocele commonly used for manufacturing high-strength components that demand both toughness and wear resistance.
The steel is primarily composed of uhlíka (C), chróm (Cr), nikel (V), a molybdén (Mí), each contributing to distinct qualities such as hardenability, resilience, a odpor.
Chemické zloženie:
- Uhlík (C): 0.36% - 0.44%
Carbon is a fundamental element in determining the hardness and strength of steel.
In 1.6582/34CrNiMo6, the carbon content is moderate, which provides a balance between sila a ťažkosť,
making the alloy suitable for components that need to withstand high loads without becoming brittle. - Chróm (Cr): 0.9% - 1.2%
Chromium is a crucial element in enhancing odpor a tvrdosť.
It promotes the formation of a ochranná vrstva oxidu on the surface, which prevents corrosion in environments that may otherwise degrade the material.
Chromium also improves hardenability, allowing the steel to harden more effectively during heat treatment. - Nikel (V): 1.3% - 1.8%
Nickel is responsible for enhancing the tvrdosť a low-temperature performance of 1.6582/34CrNiMo6.
It also increases sila, making the steel more resistant to fracture under impact.
Navyše, nickel contributes to improved odolnosť proti tečeniu a high-temperature stability. -
Molybdén (Mí): 0.2% - 0.3%
Molybdenum plays a critical role in improving the high-temperature strength a odolnosť proti tečeniu of the alloy.
It also enhances the steel’s odpor, najmä v drsnom prostredí.
Molybdenum is also known for refining the steel’s grain structure, which contributes to overall strength and toughness. - Mangán (Mn): 0.5% - 0.8%
Manganese aids in deoxidizing the steel during production and helps improve tvrdosť a sila.
It also contributes to improving the tvrdosť of the alloy and enhances its ability to resist impact and wear. - Kremík (A): 0.2% - 0.35%
Silicon is primarily used as a deoxidizer in the production process and contributes to improving the sila of the steel.
It also aids in tvrdosť, making the steel more resistant to wear and surface degradation. -
Fosfor (P): ≤ 0.035%
Fosfor, in low quantities, can increase sila a tvrdosť. Však, excessive amounts can lead to sklon a reduced toughness.
For 1.6582/34CrNiMo6, the phosphorus content is carefully controlled to maintain a balance between strength and ductility. - Síra (Siež): ≤ 0.035%
Like phosphorus, sulfur can improve machináovateľnosť, but excessive sulfur content can negatively impact the tvrdosť a ťažkosť of the steel.
For high-quality steel, the sulfur content is minimized to ensure optimal mechanical properties. - Other Elements:
-
- Vanadium (Vložka) a Boron (B) are sometimes added in trace amounts to further refine the grain structure and improve hardening.
- Meď (Cu) may also be present in small quantities, zdokonaľovanie odpor a sila.
Summary of Chemical Composition:
Prvok |
Composition Range |
|---|---|
| Uhlík (C) | 0.36% - 0.44% |
| Chróm (Cr) | 0.9% - 1.2% |
| Nikel (V) | 1.3% - 1.8% |
| Molybdén (Mí) | 0.2% - 0.3% |
| Mangán (Mn) | 0.5% - 0.8% |
Kremík (A) |
0.2% - 0.35% |
| Fosfor (P) | ≤ 0.035% |
| Síra (Siež) | ≤ 0.035% |
| Others | Trace amounts of Vanadium, Boron, Meď, tam. |
Understanding the Nomenclature:
The code “1.6582” is a DIN classification that indicates the steel’s material type, while “34CrNiMo6” refers to its key alloying elements: chróm, nikel, a molybdén.
This nomenclature helps identify the alloy’s intended use and composition.
3. Physical Properties of 1.6582/34CrNiMo6 Alloy Steel
The physical properties of 1.6582/34CrNiMo6 alloy steel are critical in determining its suitability for demanding engineering applications.
These properties are largely influenced by the alloying elements, such as chromium, nikel, a molybdén, which are specifically chosen to optimize performance in various conditions.
Below are the key physical properties of this steel:
Hustota
- Hustota: Približne 7.85 g/cm³
The density of 1.6582/34CrNiMo6 is typical for carbon and low-alloy steels.
The relatively high density contributes to the material’s ability to withstand high loads and stresses without significant deformation,
which is essential for parts used in heavy machinery or high-performance automotive applications.
Miesto topenia
- Miesto topenia:1425 – 1510°C (2597 – 2750°F)
The melting point of 1.6582/34CrNiMo6 is relatively high, which ensures that it can withstand high temperatures during manufacturing processes, such as forging and heat treatment.
This makes the steel suitable for components subjected to elevated operational temperatures, like turbine blades and crankshafts.
Tepelná expanzia
- Koeficient tepelnej expanzie:11.8 x 10⁻⁶/°C (6.56 × 10⁻⁶/°F)
The coefficient of thermal expansion indicates how much the material expands with increasing temperature.
1.6582/34CrNiMo6 has a moderate coefficient, which helps maintain dimensional stability during heating and cooling cycles in high-temperature applications.
This property is important for parts that must fit precisely under varying thermal conditions.
Tepelná vodivosť
- Tepelná vodivosť: Približne 45 W/m · k
The thermal conductivity of 1.6582/34CrNiMo6 is moderate, which means it has a moderate ability to transfer heat.
This property is beneficial for components used in power generation and automotive engines, where heat dissipation is essential but excessive conductivity could lead to heat-related failures.
Elektrická vodivosť
- Elektrická vodivosť: Relatively low compared to non-alloy steels
Like most steels, 1.6582/34CrNiMo6 is a poor conductor of electricity.
This low electrical conductivity is generally advantageous in applications where insulation or low conductivity is needed,
such as in structural components that don’t interact with electrical systems.
Špecifická tepelná kapacita
- Špecifická tepelná kapacita: Približne 0.46 J/g·°C
The specific heat capacity of 1.6582/34CrNiMo6 is typical for alloy steels, indicating how much heat is required to raise the temperature of a given mass of material.
This property is important in applications where thermal cycles are involved, such as in engine components or power transmission parts,
as it determines how much heat the material can absorb and store before changing temperature.
Summary of Physical Properties
| Majetok | Hodnota |
|---|---|
| Hustota | 7.85 g/cm³ |
| Miesto topenia | 1425 – 1510°C (2597 – 2750°F) |
| Tepelná expanzia | 11.8 x 10⁻⁶/°C (6.56 × 10⁻⁶/°F) |
| Tepelná vodivosť | 45 W/m · k |
| Elektrická vodivosť | Nízky |
| Špecifická tepelná kapacita | 0.46 J/g·°C |
4. Mechanical Properties of 1.6582/34CrNiMo6 Alloy Steel
Ten mechanické vlastnosti of 1.6582/34CrNiMo6 alloy steel are a critical aspect of its performance in demanding applications.
This steel is known for its excellent sila, tvrdosť, a únava, which makes it ideal for components that undergo high levels of stress, dopad, and wear.
The following is a breakdown of the alloy’s key mechanical properties:
Pevnosť v ťahu
- Pevnosť v ťahu (Uts): 800–1000 MPa
The tensile strength of 1.6582/34CrNiMo6 is a measure of the maximum stress the steel can withstand before breaking.
With a tensile strength range of 800 do 1000 MPA, this alloy is highly capable of enduring significant mechanical stress without failure,
making it ideal for high-load-bearing applications such as ozubené kolesá, šachty, a kľukové hriadeľ.
Výnosová sila
- Výnosová sila (0.2% Proof Stress): 550–750 MPa
Yield strength is the stress at which a material begins to deform plastically.
1.6582/34CrNiMo6 has an excellent yield strength range of 550 do 750 MPA, which allows it to maintain its shape under applied loads and ensures minimal plastic deformation,
čo je vhodné pre high-stress applications ako automobilové komponenty a ťažký stroj.
Tvrdosť
- Tvrdosť (Rockwell C): 28–34 HRC
The hardness of 1.6582/34CrNiMo6 is typically measured using the Rockwell C stupnica (HRC).
After quenching and tempering, it falls within the range of 28–34 HRC, offering excellent odpor a abrasion resistance.
This hardness makes it ideal for parts that require a strong, durable surface, ako ozubené kolesá, bearing components, a prevodové diely.
Húževnatosť
- Húževnatosť (Charpy): ≥ 30 J (pri izbovej teplote)
Impact toughness refers to the material’s ability to absorb energy during dynamic loading alebo shock.
1.6582/34CrNiMo6 exhibits excellent impact toughness, making it suitable for applications
where the material is exposed to sudden forces or vibrations, ako v automotive crankshafts a turbine shafts.
The material’s ability to withstand shock loads without fracturing is crucial in heavy-duty machinery.
Sila únavy
- Sila únavy: ≥ 300 MPA (at 10⁶ cycles)
Fatigue strength is an important property for components subjected to cyclic loads.
1.6582/34CrNiMo6 provides excellent únava, ensuring that parts such as ozubené kolesá a šachty can withstand repeated loading cycles without cracking or failing.
This is vital in applications where components experience continuous or fluctuating stress over time, ako v automotive engines a aerospace parts.
Predĺženie
- Predĺženie (v 50 mm gauge length): ≥ 15%
Elongation is a measure of a material’s ability to stretch before breaking, and it indicates ťažkosť.
With an elongation of 15%, 1.6582/34CrNiMo6 demonstrates good ťažkosť, meaning it can deform under stress without cracking.
This property is beneficial for parts that need to absorb stress and still maintain their integrity under high-impact conditions.
Modul elasticity
- Modul elasticity (Youngov modul): 210 GPA
The modulus of elasticity measures the material’s stiffness and its ability to return to its original shape after deformation.
1.6582/34CrNiMo6 has a relatively high modulus of elasticity, which means it resists deformation when subjected to applied loads.
This stiffness makes it suitable for structural components that need to maintain shape and performance under heavy loading.
Poissonov pomer
- Poissonov pomer: 0.29
Poisson’s ratio describes the material’s response to deformation in one direction when stretched in another.
With a Poisson’s ratio of 0.29, 1.6582/34CrNiMo6 strikes a balance between sila a ťažkosť,
making it ideal for use in high-load components that must resist distortion under stress.
Summary of Mechanical Properties
| Majetok | Hodnota |
|---|---|
| Pevnosť v ťahu (Uts) | 800–1000 MPa |
| Výnosová sila (0.2% Proof Stress) | 550–750 MPa |
| Tvrdosť (Rockwell C) | 28–34 HRC |
| Húževnatosť (Charpy) | ≥ 30 J (pri izbovej teplote) |
| Sila únavy | ≥ 300 MPA (at 10⁶ cycles) |
| Predĺženie (v 50 mm) | ≥ 15% |
| Modul elasticity | 210 GPA |
| Poissonov pomer | 0.29 |
5. Other properties of 6582/34CrNiMo6 alloy steel
Tepelné vlastnosti:
- Tepelná odolnosť: 1.6582/34CrNiMo6 maintains its mechanical properties even at elevated temperatures,
making it suitable for high-temperature applications such as automotive engines a čepele turbíny. - Odpor: While it is not as resistant as stainless steel, the alloy demonstrates improved corrosion resistance
when exposed to mild corrosive environments due to the presence of chróm a molybdén.
Weldability and Machinability:
- Zvárateľnosť: The alloy has good weldability, although proper preheating and heat treatment after welding is necessary to avoid potential cracks.
- Machináovateľnosť: Although highly durable, 1.6582/34CrNiMo6 requires specialized machining tools to ensure precise results.
The strength and hardness of the alloy make it more challenging to machine than lower-grade steels.
6. Heat Treatment of 1.6582/34CrNiMo6
Heat treatment plays a crucial role in achieving the desired mechanical properties in 1.6582/34CrNiMo6.
The common treatments include zhasnutie a temperovanie, which enhance its sila, tvrdosť, a tvrdosť.
Ochladenie a temperovanie:
- Zhasnutie involves heating the steel to a high temperature (typicky medzi 850°C and 900°C) and then rapidly cooling it in water or oil.
This process hardens the steel but makes it brittle. - Temperovanie is performed after quenching to reduce brittleness and increase tvrdosť.
Tempering is typically done at temperatures between 500°C and 650°C, depending on the desired balance of hardness and toughness.
Ochladenie a temperovanie
Výhody tepelného spracovania:
Heat treatment enhances 1.6582/34CrNiMo6’s odpor a únava while maintaining ťažkosť.
Proper tempering ensures that the material remains durable under high-stress conditions without becoming too brittle.
7. Applications of 1.6582/34CrNiMo6 Alloy Steel
Due to its outstanding combination of mechanical properties, 1.6582/34CrNiMo6 is utilized across various demanding sectors where strength, tvrdosť, and durability are non-negotiable.
- Power Transmission Gears: Ideal for use in ozubené kolesá subjected to high torque and impact.
- Power Transmission Shafts: Frequently used in šachty pre automobilový a priemyselné aplikácie where high únava is needed.
Transmission Shafts - Connecting Rods: Utilized in internal combustion engines pre connecting rods, where strength and wear resistance are crucial.
- Engineering Components: Commonly used in turbine shafts and other high-stress, high-temperature components.
- Heavy Machinery Shafts and Bolts: Serves as an essential material for ťažký stroj a spojovacie prvky due to its durability under extreme operating conditions.
8. Advantages of 1.6582/34CrNiMo6 Alloy Steel
- High Strength and Durability: The alloy’s pevnosť v ťahu a nárazová húževnatosť ensure that it performs well in the harshest conditions.
- Improved Wear Resistance: 1.6582/34CrNiMo6 stands out for its resistance to surface wear and obrusovanie, vďaka čomu je ideálny pre high-wear components like gears and shafts.
- Všestrannosť: This alloy is adaptable for a wide range of industries, vrátane automobilový, letectvo, a výroba energie, proving its versatility.
- Dlhovekosť: The ability to withstand high-stress environments ensures that components made from this alloy last longer, offering nákladovej efektívnosti časom.
9. Comparison with Similar Alloys
When selecting materials for high-performance applications, it is important to consider how 1.6582/34CrNiMo6 alloy steel stacks up against other similar alloys.
Several zliatinové ocele have properties that overlap with 1.6582/34CrNiMo6,
but subtle differences in composition and heat treatment requirements can make one alloy more suited for specific applications than others.
Let’s compare 1.6582/34CrNiMo6 s 4340 legovanej ocele, 18CrNiMo7-6, a 4140 legovanej ocele — all of which are commonly used in engineering, letectvo, and automotive applications.
4340 Alloy Steel vs 1.6582/34CrNiMo6
Chemical Composition Comparison:
- 4340 Zliatinová oceľ: Composed of 0.38-0.43% Uhlík, 0.70-0.90% Mangán, 0.90-1.30% Nikel, 0.20-0.30% Molybdén, a 0.15-0.25% Chróm.
- 1.6582/34CrNiMo6: Obsahovať 0.36-0.44% Uhlík, 0.50-0.80% Mangán, 1.3-1.8% Nikel, 0.2-0.3% Molybdén, a 0.9-1.2% Chróm.
Mechanické vlastnosti:
- 4340 Zliatinová oceľ: Known for vysoká pevnosť v ťahu (okolo 930-1080 MPA) a good fatigue strength. Však, it has slightly lower fatigue resistance compared to 1.6582/34CrNiMo6.
- 1.6582/34CrNiMo6: Offers comparable pevnosť v ťahu (800-1000 MPA) but superior únava due to its higher nickel content a chróm.
It excels in nárazová húževnatosť under dynamic loading, making it more suitable for applications that experience constant stress cycles.
18CrNiMo7-6 vs 1.6582/34CrNiMo6
Chemical Composition Comparison:
- 18CrNiMo7-6: Obsahovať 0.17-0.22% Uhlík, 0.30-0.50% Mangán, 1.50-2.00% Nikel, 0.90-1.20% Chróm, a 0.20-0.30% Molybdén.
- 1.6582/34CrNiMo6: Obsahovať 0.36-0.44% Uhlík, 0.50-0.80% Mangán, 1.3-1.8% Nikel, 0.2-0.3% Molybdén, a 0.9-1.2% Chróm.
Mechanické vlastnosti:
- 18CrNiMo7-6: Known for high core strength a nárazová húževnatosť, this alloy has an excellent balance of sila a ťažkosť, vďaka čomu je ideálny pre cold-working parts ako ozubené kolesá a šachty.
Ten lower carbon content enhances its zvárateľnosť but lowers its tvrdosť compared to 1.6582/34CrNiMo6. - 1.6582/34CrNiMo6: Offers superior odpor a fatigue strength, particularly under high-impact loads.
Its slightly higher carbon content contributes to greater hardness, though it might compromise zvárateľnosť if not properly treated.
4140 Alloy Steel vs 1.6582/34CrNiMo6
Chemical Composition Comparison:
- 4140 Zliatinová oceľ: Obsahovať 0.38-0.43% Uhlík, 0.75-1.00% Mangán, 0.80-1.10% Chróm, a 0.15-0.25% Molybdén.
- 1.6582/34CrNiMo6: Similar in composition with a slightly higher nikel obsahu (1.3–1.8%) a mangán (0.50–0.80%).
Mechanické vlastnosti:
- 4140 Zliatinová oceľ: Exhibits good tensile strength (okolo 660-950 MPA) and is often used in applications requiring mierna sila a tvrdosť.
It is a well-rounded alloy known for its všestrannosť v obrábanie a zvárateľnosť. - 1.6582/34CrNiMo6: While it shares some properties with 4140, it has better wear resistance, Vyššia pevnosť v ťahu, a superior fatigue strength.
These advantages make it the better choice for parts exposed to dynamic loads, ako high-performance gears a šachty.
Summary of Key Comparisons
| Majetok | 1.6582/34CrNiMo6 | 4340 Zliatinová oceľ | 18CrNiMo7-6 | 4140 Zliatinová oceľ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carbon Content | 0.36% - 0.44% | 0.38% - 0.43% | 0.17% - 0.22% | 0.38% - 0.43% |
| Obsah niklu | 1.3% - 1.8% | 0.90% - 1.30% | 1.50% - 2.00% | 0.80% - 1.10% |
| Obsah Chromium | 0.9% - 1.2% | 0.90% - 1.30% | 0.90% - 1.20% | 0.80% - 1.10% |
| Molybdenum Content | 0.2% - 0.3% | 0.20% - 0.30% | 0.20% - 0.30% | 0.15% - 0.25% |
| Pevnosť v ťahu | 800–1000 MPa | 930–1080 MPa | Vysoká sila, good toughness | 660–950 MPa |
| Sila únavy | Superior | Mierny | Vysoká sila, good fatigue resistance | Mierny |
| Húževnatosť | Vynikajúci | Dobrý | Dobrý | Mierny |
| Žiadosti | Výstroj, šachty, čepele turbíny | Kľukové hriadeľ, ozubené kolesá, čepele turbíny | Výstroj, šachty | Machine parts, nápravy, skrutky |
10. Záver
1.6582/34CrNiMo6 alloy steel is a highly versatile, high-performance material suitable for demanding applications across industries.
Its superior tensile strength, únava, and wear resistance make it ideal for components that must perform under extreme stress and harsh conditions.
Whether you are looking to create gears, šachty, or turbo machinery components, 1.6582/34CrNiMo6 offers the reliability and long-lasting performance needed to meet industry standards.
If you’re looking for high-quality custom alloy steel products, výberom Tak je perfektným rozhodnutím pre vaše výrobné potreby.
