17-4Нержавеючая сталь, якая ўмацоўваецца ападкамі на PH

1. Уводзіны

17-4PH stainless steel is renowned for its impressive combination of high strength, моцнасць, і ўстойлівасць да карозіі, making it a valuable asset in demanding industries like aerospace, медычны, аўтамабільны, і нафта і газ.

This unique alloy, capable of withstanding both harsh environments and stress, has become a top choice for engineers and manufacturers.

У гэтым артыкуле, we’ll dive deep into the properties, выгод, прыкладанне, and practical considerations for 17-4PH stainless steel.

Да канца, you’ll understand why this alloy is one of the most versatile materials in modern manufacturing.

2. What is 17-4PH Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steel?

17-4Нержавеючая сталь PH, also known as UNS S17400, is a martensitic, precipitation-hardening alloy.

Unlike traditional stainless steel, it achieves its strength and hardness through a unique aging process, which enhances its durability and resilience under stress.

Хімічны аналіз

Вага % (all values are maximum unless a range is otherwise indicated)

Хром	15.0 min.-17.5 max.	Фосфар	0.04
Нік	3.0 min.-5.0 max.	Серы	0.03
Copper	3.0 min.-5.0 max.	Крэмнім	1.0
Вуглярод	0.07	Nobium plus Tantalum	0.15 min.-0.45 max.
Марганец	1.0	Жалеза	Сальда

Precipitation Hardening Process

17-4PH undergoes a distinct aging process, where it is initially solution-treated, then aged at varying temperatures (900°F to 1150°F) to achieve different hardness levels.

Гэты працэс, referred to as “aging” or “precipitation hardening,” allows manufacturers to fine-tune its properties for specific applications.

Стандарты якасці

17-4PH meets rigorous standards, including AMS 5643, ASTM A564, and DIN 1.4542.

These quality standards ensure that 17-4PH consistently provides reliability and durability across various high-stress environments.

All Grades Comparison

Ад	Астм	У	Нас	АФНОР	CNU	Gb
1.4542	Сартаваць 630(AMS 5604B)	X5CrNiCuNb 16-4	S17400	Z5	17-4Ph	0Cr17ni4cu4nb

3. Processing Services

Smelting Option

1 ДСП: Электрадугавая печ

2 EAF+LF+VD: Refined-smelting and vacuum degassing

3 EAF+ESR: Electro Slag Remelting

4 EAF+PESR: protective atmosphere Electro Slag Remelting

5 VIM+PESR: Vacuum induction melting

Forming Option

1 Hot rolling process

2 Гарачая каванне: Electro-hydraulic; High-speed-hydraulic; Oil-hydraulic; Precision-forging

Heat-treatment Option

1 +А: Адпачываў (full/soft/spheroidizing)

2 +N: Нармаваны

3 +NT: Normalized and tempered

4 +QT: Quenched and tempered (water/oil)

5 +AT: Solution annealed

6 +P: Precipitation hardened

Surface Option

1 Black Surface

2 Grounded: Bright but rough; Not precision

3 Machining for plate: Bright and precision; Little turning scar

4 Peeled/Turned: Bright and precision; Little turning scar

5 Polished: Very Bright and precision size; Not turning scar

Other Services

1 Рэзка: Small pieces

2 Станок з ЧПУ: Produce your drawing

3 Package: Bare/Nylon/Canvas/Wooden

4 Payment: T/T, L/C, O/A(request credit)

5 Transport: FOB/CFR/CIF/DDU/DDP (train/ship/Air)

4. Механічныя ўласцівасці

Delivery Condition	Электрычны супраціў(microhm-cm)	Модуль эластычнасці(Балон)	Modulus of Rigidity(Балон)	Tensile Strength Rm (Мпа)	Yield Strength Rp0.2 (Мпа)	Падаўжэнне % у 2 ″ (50.8 мм)	Reduction Of Area (%)	Цяжкасць (HRC)
А(адпачываў)	98	196	77.2	1030 мін	760 мін	8	/	33 максімум
Ч 900	77	196	77.2	1310 мін	1170 мін	10	40	40-47
H925	/	/	/	1170 мін	1070 мін	10	44	38-45
H1025	/	/	/	1070 мін	1000 мін	12	45	35-42
H1075	80	196	77.2	1000 мін	860 мін	13	45	31-39
H1150	86	196	77.2	930 мін	725 мін	16	50	28-37

5. Key Properties of 17-4PH Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steel

17-4PH stainless steel is a versatile and high-performance material known for its unique combination of mechanical and physical properties.

Here are the key properties that make 17-4PH a preferred choice in various industrial applications:

Высокая трываласць

• Трываласць на расцяжэнне: Да 180,000 PSI (1241 МПА)
• Сіла выхаду: Да 150,000 PSI (1034 МПА)
• Цяжкасць: Да 48 HRC (Шкала Роквелла C)

Тлумачэнне: 17-4PH achieves its high strength through a precipitation-hardening process.

This process involves solution treating, тушэнне, and aging the material, which forms fine precipitates within the matrix, significantly enhancing the material’s strength.

This makes 17-4PH ideal for applications requiring high load-bearing capacity and structural integrity.

Каразія супраціву

• Змест Chromium: 15-17%
• Змест нікеля: 3-5%
• Copper Content: 3-5%

Тлумачэнне: The high chromium content in 17-4PH provides excellent resistance to corrosion, particularly in environments exposed to chemicals, салёная вада, and other corrosive agents.

The presence of nickel and copper further enhances its resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion, making it suitable for marine and chemical processing applications.

Excellent Machinability and Weldability

• Апрацоўка: 17-4PH is relatively easy to machine compared to other high-strength stainless steels.
• Зварачнасць: It can be welded using various techniques, у тым ліку TIG, Мне, and electron beam welding.

Тлумачэнне: The material’s machinability is enhanced by its moderate hardness in the solution-treated condition, making it easier to cut and shape using standard machining tools.

Дадаткова, 17-4PH can be efficiently welded, ensuring strong and durable joints, which is crucial for many industrial applications.

Цеплавая ўстойлівасць

• Дыяпазон тэмпературы: Maintains its strength and properties at elevated temperatures up to 600°F (316° С).

Тлумачэнне: 17-4PH retains its mechanical properties even at high temperatures, making it suitable for applications in high-temperature environments such as engine components and exhaust systems.

This property is particularly valuable in industries where components are exposed to significant thermal stress.

Магнітныя ўласцівасці

• Magnetic in Hardened Condition:

Тлумачэнне: 17-4PH is magnetic in the hardened condition, which can be advantageous for certain applications, such as magnetic sensors and actuators.

This property adds to its versatility and can be leveraged in various industrial settings.

Устойлівасць да стомленасці

• Сіла стомленасці: Высокая ўстойлівасць да стомленасці, making it suitable for cyclic loading applications.

Тлумачэнне: 17-4PH exhibits high fatigue resistance, which means it can withstand repeated stress cycles without failing.

This property is crucial for components that experience frequent loading and unloading, such as those in aerospace and automotive applications.

Насіць супраціў

• Насіць супраціў: Good resistance to wear and abrasion.

Тлумачэнне: The high hardness and strength of 17-4PH contribute to its excellent wear resistance.

This property is particularly beneficial in applications where components are subject to friction and wear, такія як падшыпнікі і шасцярні.

Памерная стабільнасць

• Стабільнасць: Maintains dimensional stability after heat treatment.

Тлумачэнне: Proper heat treatment ensures that 17-4PH maintains its dimensions, which is crucial for precision components.

This property reduces the need for additional machining after heat treatment, saving time and cost.

Біясумяшчальнасць

• Біясумяшчальнасць: Suitable for biomedical applications.

Тлумачэнне: 17-4PH is often used in biomedical applications due to its biocompatibility and resistance to corrosion.

It is used in surgical instruments, імплантаты, and other medical devices where the material must be safe and non-reactive to bodily fluids.

6. Benefits of Using 17-4PH Stainless Steel

17-4PH stainless steel combines strength, Каразія супраціву, і лёгкасць апрацоўкі, making it a top choice across many demanding industries.

Here’s why it stands out:

Універсальнасць у розных галінах

From aerospace to medical and marine applications, 17-4PH’s robust properties allow it to perform in various challenging environments.

Its adaptability makes it an asset in sectors where high strength and reliability are essential.

Трываласць і ўстойлівасць да карозіі

The alloy is highly resistant to stress corrosion cracking, асабліва ў багатых хларыдамі асяроддзях.

This durability translates to longer-lasting parts, which reduces maintenance costs and extends the life of critical components, especially in marine and chemical industries.

Эканамічнае рашэнне

With high strength and excellent machinability, 17-4PH enables the production of thinner, больш лёгкія кампаненты, reducing material costs.

Its easy machinability also lowers production costs, making it economical for long-term use.

Efficient Heat Treatment

17-4PH allows for rapid heat treatment, which means manufacturers can quickly adjust its strength and hardness.

This flexibility in tuning properties helps speed up production and reduce lead times.

Нізкае абслугоўванне

Due to its corrosion resistance, parts made from 17-4PH require minimal upkeep, which is advantageous in industries where downtime is costly.

Its durability in harsh conditions minimizes repair and replacement needs over time.

High Precision in Machining

The alloy’s machinability, especially in hardened states, supports the precise creation of complex components.

This makes it suitable for parts with tight tolerances, such as surgical instruments and aerospace components.

7. Applications of 17-4PH Stainless Steel

• Аэракасмічная: Структурныя кампаненты, зашпількі, and parts requiring high strength and corrosion resistance.
• Biomedical: Хірургічныя інструменты, імплантаты, and hand tools that need to be both strong and biocompatible.
• Хімічная апрацоўка: Помпы, клапаны, and piping systems that must withstand corrosive chemicals.
• Food Process Equipment: Machinery and components in food processing plants, where hygiene and corrosion resistance are crucial.
• Засаўкі: High-pressure and high-temperature valve components that require durability and reliability.
• Mechanical Components: Шахты, перадачы, and other mechanical parts that need to withstand high loads and stresses.
• Oil and Gas Production: Foils, helicopter deck platforms, and other equipment that operate in harsh environments.
• Мякаць і папера: Paper mill equipment and machinery that require resistance to corrosive chemicals and high temperatures.

8. 17-4PH Stainless Steel Heat Treatment and Fabrication

Лячэнне растворам (Умова А)

Працэс:

• Ацяпленне: Heat the material to 1700°F (927° С).
• Тушэнне: Rapidly cool the material by quenching in water or oil.
• Вынік: This process results in a soft and ductile condition, making the material suitable for forming and machining.

Халодная праца

Працэс:

• Праца ўцяплення: Subject the material to cold working processes such as rolling, малюнак, або штампоўка.
• Вынік: Cold working increases the strength and hardness of the material, making it suitable for high-strength applications.

Гарачая фармоўка

Працэс:

• Ацяпленне: Heat the material to a temperature between 1800°F and 2000°F (982°C to 1093°C).
• Фарміраванне: Shape the material while it is in a hot state.
• Астуджэнне: Allow the material to cool gradually.
• Вынік: Hot forming allows for the creation of complex shapes and large components, often used in aerospace and heavy machinery applications.

Адпачынку

Працэс:

• Ацяпленне: Heat the material to a temperature between 1500°F and 1600°F (816°C to 871°C).
• Астуджэнне: Cool the material slowly.
• Вынік: Annealing relieves internal stresses and improves ductility, enhancing the material’s formability and reducing the risk of cracking during subsequent operations.

Уцвярджанне

Працэс:

• Aging Treatments:

• • 900° F (482° С): Age the material for 2 гадзіны, з наступным паветраным астуджэннем.
  • 1050° F (566° С): Age the material for 2 гадзіны, з наступным паветраным астуджэннем.
  • 1100° F (593° С): Age the material for 2 гадзіны, з наступным паветраным астуджэннем.

• Вынік: Aging treatments achieve different strength levels, allowing the material to be tailored to specific application requirements.
  Напрыклад, aging at 1100°F (593° С) can result in a tensile strength of up to 180,000 PSI (1241 МПА).

Вінжаванне

Тэхнікі:

• Зрадак (Інертны газ вальфраму) Вінжаванне: Suitable for precise and clean welds.
• Мне (Металічны інертны газ) Вінжаванне: Faster and more efficient for larger components.
• Электронна-прамянёвая зварка: Ideal for deep and narrow welds with minimal heat-affected zones.
• Лазерная зварка: Provides high precision and low heat input.

Меркаванні:

• Разагрэчэнне: Preheat the material to 150-250°F (65-121° С) to reduce the risk of cracking.
• Low Heat Input: Use low heat input to minimize distortion and residual stresses.
• Пасля салітаванай цеплавой апрацоўкі: Perform post-weld heat treatment to relieve residual stresses and ensure a strong, durable joint.

Апрацоўка

Парады:

• Выбар інструмента: Use high-speed steel (Hss) or carbide tools for optimal performance.
• Цеплыня: Apply ample coolant to reduce heat and extend tool life.
• Параметры рэзкі: Adjust cutting speeds and feeds to handle hard spots and maintain tool sharpness.
• Тэхнічнае абслугоўванне інструментаў: Regularly inspect and sharpen tools to ensure optimal performance and reduce tool wear.

Optimizing CNC Machining:

• Нормы кармоў: Use appropriate feed rates to balance productivity and tool life.
• Spindle Speeds: Adjust spindle speeds to match the material’s hardness and the tool’s capabilities.
• Геаметрыя інструмента: Choose tools with the right geometry to handle the material’s hardness and reduce friction.

Аздабленне паверхні

Шмарка:

• Працэс: Use abrasive materials and polishing compounds to achieve a smooth and shiny surface.
• Вынік: Polishing enhances the material’s appearance and reduces surface roughness, павышэнне яго ўстойлівасці да карозіі.

Слой:

• Віды: Электрапляванне, парашковае пакрыццё, and paint.
• Выгод: Coatings provide additional protection against corrosion and enhance the material’s appearance and durability.

9. Machining and Fabrication Considerations

Апрацоўка:

• Парады: Use high-speed steel (Hss) or carbide tools, apply ample coolant, and maintain sharp tool edges to reduce wear and improve surface finish.
  Adjust cutting parameters to handle hard spots and maintain tool sharpness.

Метады зваркі:

• Лепшыя практыкі: Preheat to 150-250°F (65-121° С), use low heat input, and perform post-weld heat treatment to relieve residual stresses and prevent cracking.
  Proper welding techniques ensure strong and reliable joints.

Heat Treatment and Distortion Control:

• Managing Thermal Expansion: Use fixtures and supports to minimize distortion during heat treatment.
  Gradual heating and cooling can help reduce thermal stresses and maintain dimensional accuracy.

10. Comparison with Other Stainless Steels

304 і 316 З нержавеючай сталі:

• Моц: 17-4PH has higher tensile and yield strength compared to 304 і 316 з нержавеючай сталі.
• Каразія супраціву: 316 offers slightly better corrosion resistance due to its molybdenum content, but 17-4PH provides a good balance of strength and corrosion resistance.
• Каштаваць: 17-4PH is generally more expensive but offers better performance in demanding applications, making it a cost-effective choice in the long term.

Other Precipitation-Hardening Grades:

• 15-5Ph: Higher strength and better toughness, suitable for high-strength applications in aerospace and defense.
• 13-8Ph: Excellent combination of strength and corrosion resistance, used in aerospace and chemical processing.
  13-8PH offers a slightly better balance of strength and toughness compared to 17-4PH.

11. Агульныя праблемы і рашэнні

Susceptibility to Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC):

• Змякчэнне: Avoid chloride-rich environments, use appropriate heat treatment, and maintain proper surface finish. Regular inspections and maintenance can help prevent SCC.

Heat Treatment Requirements:

• Ensuring Correct Aging: Follow recommended aging temperatures and times to achieve the desired properties. Proper heat treatment is crucial for optimizing the material’s performance.

Праблемы апрацоўкі:

• Handling Hard Spots: Use harder tool materials and adjust cutting parameters to handle hard spots.
  Regularly inspect and sharpen tools to ensure optimal performance and reduce tool wear.

12. Future Trends and Developments

Дасягненні ў канструкцыі сплаваў:

• Emerging Variants: New grades of precipitation-hardening steels with improved properties, such as enhanced corrosion resistance and higher strength, are being developed.
  These advancements aim to expand the range of applications and improve performance.

Sustainability in Manufacturing:

• Перапрацоўка: Increasing focus on recycling and reusing 17-4PH to reduce environmental impact.
  Sustainable manufacturing practices are becoming more important as industries strive to minimize waste and energy consumption.
• Resource-Efficient Processing: Optimizing production processes to minimize waste and energy consumption, making manufacturing more sustainable and cost-effective.

Application Expansion:

• Аднаўляльная энергія: Growing use of wind turbines, сонечныя батарэі, і іншыя тэхналогіі аднаўляльных крыніц энергіі, where durability and resistance to harsh environments are critical.
• Advanced Robotics: Utilization in high-precision robotic components and systems, where high strength and corrosion resistance are essential for long-term performance.

13. Conclusion

17-4PH precipitation hardening stainless steel is a remarkable material that combines high strength, Каразія супраціву, і выдатная апрацоўваемасць.

Its versatility and durability make it a preferred choice in various industries, from aerospace to biomedical.

Разумеючы яго ўласцівасці, выгод, і ключавыя меркаванні, manufacturers can leverage 17-4PH to create high-performance products that meet the demands of modern engineering.

Whether you are designing a new product or optimizing an existing one, 17-4PH is a material worth considering for its exceptional performance and reliability.

Калі ў вас ёсць з нержавеючай сталі патрэбы апрацоўкі, Калі ласка, не саромейцеся Звяжыцеся з намі.